#world war 1939 1945

[bookloversofbath]

Once I Had a Comrade: Karl Roth and the Combat History of the 36th Panzer Regiment, 1939-45 :: R. W. Byrd

Once I Had a Comrade: Karl Roth and the Combat History of the 36th Panzer Regiment, 1939-45 :: R. W. Byrd

[pxsieszn]

Lest We Forget

[the-wales-5]

"In another life..." 

*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*

29th April 1931.

The newlyweds Catherine Murray and William Howard just left the little church in the village where they tied the knot surrounded by their close family and friends. The bride was a part of an aristocratic Murray family but she still wanted to keep a low profile so instead of having a rather huge ceremony in London with King George V attending, she decided to have a small wedding in her favourite part of Wales and to wear a crown made of her favourite flowers instead of an expensive tiara from her family's vault.

William was looking at her with love as if she was the only woman to ever exist on the earth and that was something she considered her biggest achievement and joy in life.

"I cannot believe we did this at last" Giggled her as she looked at her now-husband. They'd been together for almost 10 years at that point, having met each other when they both were 18.

"It is real, Lady Murray-Howard" William whispered and kissed her on the lips, causing their guests to cheer.

"Promise me that we'll never be separated" she whispered as she took his hand in hers.

William smiled without replying to her and just squeezed her hand more as they walked to the car driving them to their house in North Wales where a small wedding reception was about to start.

*

1939.

Their life was almost idyllic, with two children and a dog living in Wales, until September 1939 when Germany declared the Second World War against Poland and therefore other countries as well.

"You know what they say.. about the war.. and you are the pilot, they may need assistance from planes.." said Catherine as they were coming back from a horse ride with their 7-year old daughter Mary.

"Yes indeed" William nodded and then he noticed his wife's fearful facial expression. He told Mary to go inside the house and then approached his wife "I will join the forces if that will be necessary. No need to elaborate on that, Catherine"

"Are you serious?" She scoffed, "We've got two children!" 

"And our country may soon experience war. We both have seen what it means to live in a country at war, haven't we? My father died during the First World War in 1919 and if I have to, I will defend my country just like he did"

"So you want to die as well?" Catherine murmured and chuckled with sorrow "Just to defend your country and keep his memory?"

"Do not be ridiculous" he sighed as he approached her "I am aware that we have children. I will not be risking my life on the front line if that won't be necessary to protect our nation".

He kissed her on the forehead and held her hand, helping her to get off of her horse. Catherine hugged him and then they shared a kiss. Mary and her brother Patrick giggled as they ran towards their parents.

 Back in London, the royal family lived their lives, attending official engagements while ordinary people on the streets, the same as Lady Howard and her husband were talking about the possibility of war coming to the United Kingdom.

*

1944. 

Three words. 3 words she dreaded to hear for the last few years. "I am leaving". She didn't even have to ask "Where?". She knew. 

The war. The front line. He was needed for the operation near Normandy where the Alliance forces were fighting with the Nazis. An easy way to die and leave her and their children for good. Seeing him saying "goodbye" to Patrick and Mary made her curse his abilities to fly in planes even if she always used to admire that in him. 

William was about to travel to France by train. Although he told her to stay at home, Lady Howard traveled to the station with him. The media knew about this but they were unusually respective and didn't bother the couple at all. 

"You never promised me that we'll never separate. Not during the wedding, nor later. You knew that it was coming" She whispered with pain in her voice as they were looking at each other right before he left.

"I don't know how to explain it, darling"

"No need for an explanation. Just take it" she handed him a dried-up white "Sweet William", her favourite flower, a part of her wedding's flower crown worn in April 1931.

One picture of her wiping tears upon leaving the train station was published by the press but Catherine's father The Earl of Pembroke forced them to erase it. Otherwise, both the photographer and the author of the article titled "LADY MURRAY'S FAREWELL TO  HERO WILLIAM HOWARD AS HE GOES ON WAR" would have faced a law prosecution in London's court for invading her privacy.

As she was sitting in the car that drove her back to her small cottage, Lady Catherine Murray was looking at his picture but her thoughts were not about him but about someone else. A baby. She and William's third baby that she was carrying. Nobody knew besides her and her doctor. Her pregnancy got confirmed the same day when her husband decided to leave for France to "defend the country". Therefore, she had no time to tell him about their new "bundle of joy". By all these days leading to his departure, she has been wondering if telling that would perhaps keep William at home. Her heart was telling her to do exactly that but her mind was consumed by thoughts like: "That would make me a selfish person" .

Her sense won against her heart and now she was regretting it. A few hours later when she was in the bedroom, she touched her bump for the first time ever and whispered "He will return to us. We have to believe it".

Then, she pulled a picture of her husband out of her purse and began to pray. She used to do that often years ago when her then-boyfriend was attending a military academy to get his pilot licence and also when he was a rescue pilot back in the very beginning of the Second World War between 1939-1942. It finally began to sink into her brain. It was not just assistance in helping injured soldiers anymore. Now he was a soldier too. This thought was enough to make her cry after only one minute of her prayers.

*

Weeks passed and William Howard was getting used to his new routine of being a pilot during the war. Despite only two months of warfare, a majority of people serving in the same battalion whom he met on his first day in France were killed off. He knew he could not give up. Every single time when he doubted if all of this was worth its price, he was immediately 'brought back' to London's train station full of other soldiers saying their goodbyes to their families.

 Every night, he was thinking of his children, and of his wife's teary eyes and had been falling asleep while inhaling the 'scent' of that dried-up white flower which she gave him.

"Catherine, I will come back to you. I promise". Those words seemed like a prayer for him. He often told himself when there was danger close to his battalion or in the air. 

*

Lady Murray-Howard had to keep herself busy so as to not worry too much about the ongoing war. She has been attending many charity events founded to help the families of men who were fighting on the front line. She was attending almost all of them despite her tiredness. She wanted to show her unity with other waiting women even if that meant crying while hugging her husband's pillow after coming back home.

"Are you sure you want to go?" Her father asked. He was about to join an event like that with her for the first time. 

"Obviously yes" Catherine weakly smiled as she was finishing putting on her make-up in front of the mirror "It is an amazing initiative, you will see it for yourself, papa"

"I have no doubts about that. It's just--.. Catherine, let me tell you the truth. Do you still believe he will return? It's been weeks and he can already be deceased! Nobody knows what is happening there!"

Lady Murray rolled her eyes but spoke up: "Let me tell you a story of a woman I met during a meeting in Leicester last week. Her husband Richard has been a soldier for four years now. Four years, not weeks. Last year there was news about Germans bombarding the battalion he was in. That woman I met went through a nightmare trying to get even a small piece of information, first about the whole incident, and then about her husband's condition. He suffered from brain injury but survived and even remembered his wife during their meeting in the hospital! It is truly a miracle and I know it is just one of many! You cannot think only of the worst-case scenarios possible".

"But this is the cruel reality of war, Kate. You must accept the fact that happy endings happen to just 1% of soldiers and their families" Michael, The Earl of Pembroke said.

Catherine closed her eyes and after taking a deep breath she said with confidence in her voice: "I'd rather believe in happy endings than sink into depression after imagining the death of my husband and other men!" .

Michael sighed. He was now facing the window as if he was afraid to tell his daughter the following words while looking at her face: "The moment you revealed you are engaged to a person from the middle class I had a feeling that it will only bring us problems. If William was a nobleman, he'd never go to war! He would stay at home and defend the country in a civilised manner, by donations to charities".

Catherine was speechless for a second. At last, she replied: "Oh, thank you for confirming how much you despise my husband. You needed almost 15 years and a war to admit it. Wow" she chuckled with sorrow and her eyes narrowed as she added: "You know what, papa? If William's manners are not good enough then let me tell you that yours aren't good either right now. These poor women do not need your appearance during this meeting this afternoon, nor do they need your 'donations'. I'll go there on my own! Stay with Mary and Patrick, if you have enough time for it" she scoffed and left the house with furiousness.

Five weeks passed since Lady Murray's last conversation with her father. She was attending yet another charity meeting in Cardiff when all of a sudden a man from her father's office came in. She had no slightest idea what it could mean but she listened to each word he said, getting paler within seconds.

"No.. It's impossible" she mumbled at last and fainted.

*

48 hours earlier.

He looked for 'one last time' at the white dried-up flower.

"I am so sorry, Kate," soldier William Howard murmured and closed his eyes.

*

Michael arrived at the hospital where his daughter had been taken after losing consciousness during her meeting. He already knew what happened to his son-in-law and considered it a blessing to Catherine. In his mind, The Earl of Pembroke already imagined his daughter's second wedding taking place. A wedding with a Welsh, noble, wealthy man whom she "deserved".

"Lady Murray-Howard is such an unlucky person" one nurse said to another standing in the hospital corridor.

"What are you two talking about?" He asked but without hearing their answer he entered Catherine's cabin. She kept her hands on her stomach while looking through the window.

"I've lost them both" she whispered through tears when she noticed Michael's gaze.

He had no idea about her pregnancy, therefore the fact he just realised struck him like lightning.

~~~

'Why is this bloody war so cruel to me? Why is the whole universe against me? Losing him would have been easier if I had our third baby close to myself, that thought would console me a little. C. Howard, 1944." 

~~~

That was her first note weeks after getting to know about her husband's death and her miscarriage. Now, after a year since writing it out, she was looking through old notes, finding that particular one from 1944. As she was closing her notebook, her father watched her.

"Your life has been surrendered by anxiety since he left for France. It was quite predictable that you would lose your child sooner or later" he said

"Your grandchild," Catherine remarked and looked at her father with narrowed eyes "How can you be so heartless? I lost my husband and a baby and you say that it was 'predictable'? I am lost for words, papa".

"Think of the positivity that comes from this situation. Soon, you will finally find a man who will not be risking his life at war"

"You mean you will find him for me, right?' She scoffed. "It has been more than a year and so far there is no luck. I am so sorry for being such a disappointment for you but.." she stopped to take a breath and continued: "But I will always love William. Only him. You can even try to organise my meetings with as many potential future husbands of mine as you want. Just know that I will reject every single one of them." she emphasised each word "No matter how much money they will keep in their houses or how handsome they will be. It does not matter to me at all. Your attempts will all be pointless, as they have been until now".

"I am constantly giving you a choice, Catherine. If I was to threaten you, I'd force you to get married a month or perhaps even a day after we got to know about William's death. In my mind, there was a possibility of a wedding ceremony with the first nobleman I could think of. Be kind enough and notice how I was, and how I still am letting you get used to life without Mr Howard and get to know someone of your choice. Moreover, you are not held hostage here either so do not exaggerate this situation" he said louder.

"I'd rather be held hostage than have to think about 'someone new' in my life, papa" she murmured and closed her eyes "Leave my room, please".

"Lady Catherine Murray, soon you will see for yourself that living in the land of the dead takes you nowhere. The hurtful truth is that you are wasting the greatest years of your life now'.

"No. I am not Catherine Murray, papa. For almost 15 years my surname is Howard. It will always be Howard, not Murray nor any other name of an unknown, noble man" she hissed, yet she had confidence and determination in her voice "Papa, let yourself accept that in 1931, on the day when Lady Catherine Murray got married, she died and instead she became Mrs Catherine Howard.

Accept that it is my surname now and please let it be written on my gravestone in the future when I will, at last, join my husband".

She finished and looked at her father with 'sharp eyes' so he left to go to the garden where his grandchildren were waiting.

 Catherine watched Patrick and Mary through the window for a few seconds. Then, she closed her eyes and burst into tears. After she calmed down a little, she looked at her reflection in the mirror, noticing a silver locket which had been hanging from her neck since the day William asked her to become his happily ever after.

There was no ring or other expensive jewellery for the proposal, just that locket which he found in his teenage years in an old box with his family belongings in the attic and which he then named "A piece of jewellery for my future wife". 

A silver locket with a small blue stone and two pictures of them were both put there by William himself days before asking her to be his wife. Simple, yet meaningful.

She promised to wear it always. Now, though, she took it off and opened it for the first time. "I cannot keep it with me forever. I guess my father is right. I must leave the land of the dead. I spent too much of my time there. But no worries, my William" she weakly smiled, closing her eyes "I will not marry anyone else. Remember that I will always love you. Your Catherine Howard" she whispered and put the locket into a wooden drawer in their bedroom. As she was closing it with a key, she was not even trying to hold back her new tears.

*

France.

"Where am I?' A soldier asked one of the nurses working in a hospital minutes after waking up from a type of coma that lasted more than a year.

"You are in the hospital, Sir. Your battalion was attacked in 1944. A year ago. It is truly a miracle you are alive"

'So there's still an ongoing war."

"No. It ended two months ago, Sir. Today's date is July 20th, 1945"

"My son's birthday is in two days," William said and weakly smiled.

His doctor did a checkup but it seemed like he remembered every detail of his life The names of his children, his family members' birthdays, the date of his wedding and he remembered her. Catherine. His wife and someone who kept him in her memory all this time. He assumed that she married someone else meanwhile so he did not try to write a letter. "I do not want to ruin her life".

*

On the day of her son's birthday, Catherine couldn't help but think of her husband again. She still thought that he was deceased on that day in France back in 1944.

"Do you think he is looking over us?" Mary asked her mum as she stepped closer to Catherine and put her hand around her

"Yes, certainly," her mother replied and smiled as she looked up to the sky. She felt quite worried about her father now because he was late for Patrick's birthday party.

 The Earl of Pembroke was attending an 'urgent meeting' in England, regarding the situation of his son-in-law. He knew everything all along and despite that, lied to Catherine and her kids. "The most convenient solution for this would be to keep it all a secret, and in case he would try to return to Wales and Lady Murray's life, then you must take steps to kill him" he commanded without a blink of an eye.

*

25th August 1945.

William was able to leave for home after the long hospital treatment. Home. He wondered where to go. His old house was destroyed in the war back in 1942 and the home where he lived with his wife and children was no longer his. The decision he made not to come back to Catherine's life was upheld. All of a sudden, he noticed a familiar silhouette of a man.

*

Catherine Howard tried to find the strength to keep going through her life, bring up her children and had hoped to find peace. She kept her promise of not marrying anyone else and cared for her two children and charities. Nothing of that had given her the liberty she desperately needed but she knew she could not leave. "He left and that caused us enough heartbreak. I cannot leave as well" she thought to herself over the years when been getting suicidal thoughts.

On his deathbed, her father who died due to cancer in 1950, had given her a letter without explaining it. Catherine opened it three days after his funeral.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

"My beloved daughter,

I apologise for not having enough courage to tell you about it before. Your husband survived. He survived the attack on his battalion six years ago. I am sincerely sorry for keeping it a secret. All along since 1921 when I met William, I thought you made the biggest mistake of your life. It turns out you were right and I was and will stay the worst possible father and grandfather ever.

William was the victim of war but also a victim of my eagerness to make your life better. I met him once after the war ended. It was the day him being discharged from the hospital. I had wanted to make sure he would not try to return to your life. Consequently, I told him that you met someone and got married for the second time. I mentioned a pregnancy that you miscarried and I blamed him for it. I was astonished when his reply to that was: "I assumed her second marriage a long time ago. Tell her I am sorry for making her life a misery and that she and our three children were my everything above all". 

He was run over by a car driving at a high speed right as he walked away from the spot where we met. I am certain it was not an accident. I killed him. I wanted it for years and yet when it was announced to me by a doctor in France I was in a state of shock, almost sadness even. His gravestone is located close to the church where you two got married. Nobody knew it was his funeral, only me. You can find it. -8 / 1945- is all that's written on it..

Patrick, Mary and you are victims of my selfishness and greed. I understand completely if you won't be able to forgive me, Kate. But remember I loved you and cared for you and your children. I've made huge donations to all those charities you supported over the years. Last year, I also made several secret visits to a few of those, just like you always wanted me to. It is not enough and I am aware of that. I have not left money or any other sort of inheritance. You and your son are owners of our family estate, so you can keep it or sell it to get money from it as I once told you. But there is something that you would probably like to keep with yourself. Look inside this envelope. "Something that saved me during the war now is supposed to keep her safe" were his last words to me.

I, most likely, will not get your forgiveness so I can only hope for God's forgiveness.

Your father - Michael".

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mrs Howard was shocked to bits after reading the letter. It dropped from her hand onto the floor while tears appeared in her eyes. "It is insane.." she murmured and broke down crying. While doing so, she looked inside the envelope as her father told her to. Almost yellow now, dried up flower "Sweet William". A 'talisman' she had given her husband back in May 1944, something that "saved him during the war" did not manage to do that for the second time because he returned it to her father, almost as if he did not want to live anymore. 

Catherine Howard quickly wiped her tears when her son came to her room. 

"Mum, is everything alright?" He asked as he approached her. She sniffed and with all her possible strength she hugged her son.

In the evening, that 'talisman' in an envelope was put right next to Catherine's locket with two pictures of her and William Howard. Her father's Welsh property was sold three months later and she and her children moved out of there as soon as it was possible. The Earl of Pembroke's daughter did not want to stay there as she considered it cursed because of him.  She had taken all the significant things with her to another, much smaller house in Wales. She also ordered William's full name to be written on his gravestone.

Mrs Howard witnessed the wedding celebrations of both her & William's children, had become a grandmother three times and lived in her second home until her death at the age of 79. A white flower "Sweet William" was put inside her hand and a silver locket with two photographs was again put on her neck on the day of the funeral. The location of her grave was right next to one of her dear husband William. "Catherine Howard" was the name written on it, just like she wished years before.

*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*

2010.

Prince William and his fiancée Catherine Middleton entered their first real house in Anglesey, Wales.

As she stepped into one of the rooms, she felt something weird, as if the spirit of someone 'checked' what she was doing there. For some reason, it did not scare her but instead made her open an old drawer with a key.

"What is this?" She whispered as she took something into her hands and slowly opened.

It was an envelope with one petal of "Sweet William" and a piece of paper with words:

"Life is too short to love you in one, I promise to look for you in the next life".

She knew this quote was by William Shakespeare. It made her feel confused and amazed all at once. As she stared at the letters on paper and dried petals of "Sweet William", her future husband put his hand on her shoulder.

"What is this?" He asked

"I wanted to ask you the same question now" she startled and showed him the envelope and what was inside it. William was astonished as well but as he read the sentence by Shakespeare a few times and looked at the petal of one of his wife's favourite flowers, he looked at her and kissed her on the lips. 

The air surrounding them had a familiar scent. The scent of flowers which years before were a part of Catherine Murray's flower crown on her wedding day to William Howard.

*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*

THE END.

[quibbs126]

Something I only realized because I think someone pointed it out somewhere, if Professor Layton really took place in the 60s, like with history going as it did in our world, with Curious Village happening in 1960, this means that Hershel Layton himself would have served in World War 2

[usafphantom2]

NASM 9A12369 by Wonder Years Of Aviation Via Flickr: Photograph of seven Douglas C-47 Skytrain cargo aircraft in flight. Taken during training at Sedalia Army Air Field, Warrensburg, Missouri, by James J. Kirkpatrick, 1944.

[harvardfineartslib]

April is National Decoration Month.

Art et décoration was first published in 1897. The publication was suspended during the two World Wars from August 1914 – April 1919, and from 1939 through 1945. The Fine Arts Library has the original volumes if you want to see them. Request to view them in the Special Collections Study Room!

Art et décoration : revue mensuelle d'art moderne Cover title: Art et décoration et l'architecture 1936-37 Paris : Librairie Centrale des Beaux Arts, Frequency note: Monthly French HOLLIS number: 990062486850203941

[historicity-was-already-taken]

i have a curiosity question thats niggling in my brain....how did jews outside of europe react to the holocaust while it was happening? thanks! 💖

First of all I want you to know that I answered this BEAUTIFULLY last night while hanging out in my bathrobe after my shower and watching parks & rec, and then tumblr ate it and i was furious.

Jews outside Europe reacted very much the same as Jews within Europe did when they encountered the first rumors of massacres: denial; disbelief; insistence that these are just local pogroms; insistence that "maybe they can pull that off in [Place Name], but it could never happened Here; accusations of fear mongering; "that could never be allowed to happen in our modern, evolved world;" etc.

It wasn't until about 1944, when the accounts that made their way out of Europe via clandestine courier became so consistent and overwhelming, that Jews outside Europe had to begin to accept that it was Happening. But acceptance still doesn't mean "understanding," or "comprehending." And, by 1944, Hitler had already killed the majority of European Jewry.

Now, this is a very general and US-focused response. In the United States, many Jews believed the rumors, and tried to help, usually through either HIAS, or the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (or simple, the Joint/JDC), but that became much more complex after the US entered the war in Dec 41.

Now, for my "ummmm i think this book speaks to your question" reading list:

The Terrible Secret: Suppression of the Truth about Hitler's "Final Solution" by Walter Laqueur

My Brother's Keeper: a History of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1929-1939 by Yehuda Bauer

Beyond Belief: The American Press And The Coming Of The Holocaust, 1933- 1945 by Deborah Lipstadt

Readers are welcome to chime in with Nuance, more focused book recommendations, etc.

[yeoldenews]

It’s Dear Santa time again!

Every year since 2010, I have spent the month of December posting children's Dear Santa letters.

Publishing letters to Santa in the newspaper first became widely popular in the late-1890s, though scattered newspapers did so as early as the mid-1880s. I believe this sudden explosion in popularity was at least partially the result of the famed "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Clause" editorial which was published in The New York Sun in September of 1897.

In large cities Dear Santa letters often acted as a method of getting needed clothing and supplies to impoverished children when parents might be ashamed to ask for charity. Subscribers to the newspaper could choose a child’s letter and provide the items they asked for. The most common requests were shoes and coats.

Sometimes newspapers offered prizes for the best letter (which I suspect often acted as another clandestine form of charity as the winners were often letters asking for basic clothing and school supplies.) Though these prizes could range from the ordinary (a sled or a doll) to the extravagant (a $20 gold piece or a live pony.)

Often local stores would enter children in a drawing if they mentioned the store in their letter - which on occasion would result in children hilariously name-dropping every store in town just in case.

Writing Dear Santa letters was also commonly an activity done at school, often following some rough form letter. These letters are fairly easy to spot as they often hype up what a good student the child was and include effusive praise for their teacher (who would likely see the letter before it was sent.)

So why have I spent hundreds of hours of my life over the last decade reading tens of thousands of these letters?

Children's voices are largely absent from the historical record.

Dear Santa letters offer an extremely rare opportunity to see history unfold through children's eyes - in their own (often creatively spelled) words.

1914′s “Remember the children in Belgium” becomes 1918′s “Please visit my brother in France”.

During the Great Depression the very common phrase “I know you’re poor this year too Santa” gives a glimpse into parents' attempts to explain to their children why they might not be getting as much this year.

1939′s “Be careful flying over Europe” becomes 1945′s “Since the war is over you’re making bb-guns again right?”

Requests for toy flying machines become aeroplanes become fighter jets become space shuttles.

Dolls and wagons become Shirley Temple merchandise become Erector Sets become Barbies and Star Wars action figures.

But through all these changes one thing remains clear throughout 130+ years of letters to Santa, despite the rapidly changing world around them - children have always been children.

I hope you enjoy these letters as much as I do! (All decade+ of posts are tagged “Dear Santa” if you’d like to see more than just this year’s selection.)

Hapy Holadays and Marry Crimes!

[thebeesareback]

Every episode of New Who in chronological order (Doctor Who)

Spoilers: it makes no fucking sense. Also, there are some episodes which occur in two or more time periods

"The Fires of Pompeii" - 79 David Tennant

"The Eaters of Light" - 2nd century Peter Capaldi

"The Pandorica Opens" - 102 Matt Smith

"The Big Bang" - immediately after "The Pandorica Opens", 102 Matt Smith

"The Girl Who Died" - 851 Peter Capaldi

"Resolution" 9th century Jodie Whittaker

"The Magician's Apprentice" - 1138 Peter Capaldi

"The Witch's Familiar" immediately after "The Magician's Apprentice", 1138 Peter Capaldi

"Robot of Sherwood" - 1190 Peter Capaldi

"The Bells of Saint John" - 1207 Matt Smith

"Can You Hear Me?" - 1380 Jodie Whittaker

"The Day of the Doctor" - 1562 Matt Smith and David Tennant

"The Vampires of Venice" - 1580 Matt Smith

"The Shakespeare Code" - 1599 David Tennant

"The Curse of the Black Spot" - 16th century Matt Smith

"The Witchfinders" - 1612 Jodie Whittaker

"The Woman Who Lived" - 1681, sequential to "The Girl Who Died" Peter Capaldi

"Legend of the Sea Devils" - 1807 Jodie Whittaker

"Thin Ice" - 1814 Peter Capaldi

"The Haunting of Villa Diodati" - 1816 Jodie Whittaker

"Spyfall Part Two" - 1834 Jodie Whittaker

"Deep Breath" - Victorian era (between 1837-1901) Peter Capaldi and Matt Smith

"The Next Doctor" - 1851 David Tennant

"War of the Sontarans" - 1855 sequential to "The Halloween Apocalypse" Jodie Whittaker

"The Unquiet Dead" - December 1869 Christopher Eccleston

"Tooth and Claw" - 1879 David Tennant

"A Town Called Mercy" - somewhere between 1865-1890 Matt Smith

"Empress of Mars" - 1881 Peter Capaldi

"Vincent and the Doctor" - 1890 Matt Smith

"The Snowmen" - 1892 Matt Smith

"The Crimson Horror" - 1893 Matt Smith

"The Name of the Doctor" - 1893 Matt Smith

"Ascension of the Cybermen" - "the early 20th century" Jodie Whittaker

"Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror" - 1903 Jodie Whittaker

"Survivors of the Flux" - 1904 sequential to "Village of the Angels" Jodie Whittaker

"Human Nature" - 1913 David Tennant

"The Family of Blood" - Immediately after "Human Nature", 1913 David Tennant

"The Power of the Doctor" 1916 Jodie Whittaker and David Tennant

"The Unicorn and the Wasp" - 1926 David Tennant

"Daleks in Manhattan" - 1930 David Tennant

"Evolution of the Daleks - Immediately after "Daleks in Manhattan", 1930 David Tennant

"Let's Kill Hitler" - 1938 Matt Smith

"The Angels Take Manhattan" 1938 Matt Smith

"Victory of the Daleks" - between 1939-1945 Matt Smith

"The Empty Child" - 1941 Christopher Eccleston

"The Doctor Dances" - Immediately after "The Empty Child", 1941 Christopher Eccleston

"The Doctor, the Widow and the Wardrobe" - December 1941 Matt Smith

"Demons of the Punjab" - August 1947 Jodie Whittaker

"The Idiot's Lantern" - June 1953 David Tennant

"Rosa" - 1955 Jodie Whittaker

"Village of the Angels" - November 1967 sequential to "Once, Upon Time" Jodie Whittaker

"The Impossible Astronaut" - 1969 Matt Smith

"The Day of the Moon" - Immediately after "The Impossible Astronaut" 1969 Matt Smith

"Blink" - 1969/2007 David Tennant

"Hide" - 1974 Matt Smith

"The God Complex" - 1980 Matt Smith

"Cold War" - 1983 Matt Smith

"Twice Upon a Time" 1986 Peter Capaldi and Jodie Whittaker

"Father's Day" - 1987 Christopher Eccleston

"The Return of Doctor Mysterio" - 1992 Peter Capaldi

"The Eleventh Hour" 1998 Matt Smith

"Rose" - contemporary to release, March 2005 Christopher Eccleston

"School Reunion" - 2005 David Tennant

"The Christmas Invasion" - contemporary to release, December 2005 David Tennant

"Aliens of London" - Approximately March 2006 Christopher Eccleston

"World War Three" - Immediately after "Aliens of London", approximately March 2006 Christopher Eccleston

"Rise of the Cybermen" - contemporary to release, May 2006 David Tennant

"The Age of Steel" - Immediately after "Rise of the Cybermen", May 2006 David Tennant

"Love & Monsters" - contemporary to release, June 2006 David Tennant

"Army of Ghosts" - after "Love & Monsters", summer 2006 David Tennant

"Doomsday" - Immediately after "Army of Ghosts", summer 2006 David Tennant

"Boom Town" - autumn 2006 Christopher Eccleston

"Turn Left" - autumn 2006 David Tennant

"The Runaway Bride" - December 2006 David Tennant

"Smith and Jones" - contemporary to release, March 2007 David Tennant

"The Lazarus Experiment" - contemporary to release, May 2007 David Tennant

"42" - contemporary to release, May 2007 David Tennant

"The Sound of Drums" - contemporary to release, June 2007 (immediately after "Utopia") David Tennant

"Blink" - 1969/2007 David Tennant

"Partners in Crime" - contemporary to release, April 2008 David Tennant

"The Sontaran Stratagem" - contemporary to release, April 2008 David Tennant

"The Poison Sky" - contemporary to release, May 2008 (immediately after "The Sontaran Stratagem") David Tennant

"Last of the Time Lords" - contemporary to release, June 2008 (sequential to "The Sound of Drums"), David Tennant

"The Stolen Earth" - contemporary to release, June 2008 David Tennant

"Journey's End" - contemporary to release, July 2008 (immediately after "The Stolen Earth") David Tennant

"The Lodger" - contemporary to release, June 2010 Matt Smith

"Night Terrors" - contemporary to release, September 2011 Matt Smith

"Closing Time" - contemporary to release, September 2011 Matt Smith

"Fear Her" - July 2012 David Tennant

"Dalek" - 2012 Christopher Eccleston

"Asylum of the Daleks" - contemporary to release, September 2012 Matt Smith

"The Power of Three" - contemporary to release, September 2012 Matt Smith

"The Rings of Akhaten" - contemporary to release, April 2013 Matt Smith

"Into the Dalek" - contemporary to release, August 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Listen" - contemporary to release, September 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Time Heist" - contemporary to release, September 2014 Peter Capaldi

"The Caretaker" - contemporary to release, September 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Flatline" - contemporary to release, October 2014 Peter Capaldi

"In the Forest of the Night" - contemporary to release, October 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Dark Water" - contemporary to release, November 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Death in Heaven" - contemporary to release, November 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Last Christmas" - contemporary to release, December 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Amy's Choice" - 2015 Matt Smith

"The Zygon Invasion" - contemporary to release, October 2015 Peter Capaldi

"The Zygon Inversion" - contemporary to release, November 2015 (immediately after "The Zygon Invasion") Peter Capaldi

"Face the Raven" - contemporary to release, November 2015 Peter Capaldi

"The Pilot" - contemporary to release, April 2017 Peter Capaldi

"Knock Knock" - contemporary to release, May 2017 Peter Capaldi

"Extremis" - contemporary to release, May 2017 Peter Capaldi

"The Pyramid at the End of the World" - contemporary to release, May 2017 Peter Capaldi

"The Woman Who Fell to Earth" - contemporary to release, October 2018 Jodie Whittaker

"Arachnids in the UK" - contemporary to release, October 2018 Jodie Whittaker

"It Takes You Away" - contemporary to release, November 2018 Jodie Whittaker

"Spyfall" - contemporary to release, January 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"Fugitive of the Judoon" - contemporary to release, January 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"Praxeus" - contemporary to release, February 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"The Hungry Earth" - 2020 Matt Smith

"Cold Blood" - 2020 (immediately after "The Hungry Earth") Matt Smith

"Revolution of the Daleks" - September 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"The Halloween Apocalypse" - contemporary to release, October 2021 Jodie Whittaker

"Once, Upon Time" - contemporary to release, sequential to "War of the Sontarans", November 2021 Jodie Whittaker

"Eve of the Daleks" contemporary to release, January 2022 Jodie Whittaker

"Kill the Moon" - 2049 Peter Capaldi

"The Waters of Mars" - 2059 David Tennant

"The Rebel Flesh" - 22nd century Matt Smith

"The Almost People" - 22nd century (immediately after "The Rebel Flesh") Matt Smith

"Under the Lake" - 2119 Peter Capaldi

"Before the Flood" - 2119 (immediately after "Under the Lake") Peter Capaldi

"Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" - 2367 Matt Smith

"The Beast Below" - some point after the 29th century Matt Smith

"Sleep No More" - 38th century Peter Capaldi

"Planet of the Ood" - 4126 David Tennant

"The Time of Angels" - 5000 Matt Smith

"Flesh and Stone" - 5000 (immediately after "The Time of Angels") Matt Smith

"The Girl in the Fireplace" - 5000-5100 David Tennant

"The Husbands of River Song" - 5343 Peter Capaldi

"Silence in the Library" - 5100 David Tennant

"Forest of the Dead" - 5100 (immediately after "Silence in the Library") David Tennant

"The Long Game" - 200,000 Christopher Eccleston

"Bad Wolf" - 200,100 Christopher Eccleston

"The Parting of the Ways" Immediately after "Bad Wolf", 200,100 Christopher Eccleston/David Tennant

"The End of the World" - 5 billion (plus 2005) Christopher Eccleston

"New Earth" - 5,000,000,023 David Tennant

"Gridlock" - 5,000,000,023 David Tennant

"Utopia" - 100 trillion David Tennant

"Smile" - it's in "the far future" Peter Capaldi

No indication of the date:

"The Impossible Planet", David Tennant (Broadcast June 2006)

"The Satan Pit", David Tennant (Broadcast June 2006)

"Voyage of the Damned", David Tennant (Broadcast December 2007)

"The Doctor's Daughter", David Tennant (Broadcast May 2008)

"Midnight", David Tennant (Broadcast June 2008)

"Planet of the Dead", David Tennant (Broadcast April 2009)

"The End of Time", David Tennant (Broadcast December 2009)

"A Christmas Carol", Matt Smith (Broadcast December 2010)

"The Doctor's Wife", Matt Smith (Broadcast May 2011)

"A Good Man Goes to War", Matt Smith (Broadcast June 2011)

"The Girl Who Waited", Matt Smith (Broadcast September 2011)

"The Wedding of River Song", Matt Smith (Broadcast October 2011)

"Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS", Matt Smith (Broadcast April 2013)

"Nightmare in Silver", Matt Smith (Broadcast May 2013)

"The Time of the Doctor", Matt Smith (Broadcast December 2013)

"Mummy on the Orient Express", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast October 2014)

"Heaven Sent", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast November 2015)

"Hell Bent", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast December 2015)

"Oxygen", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast May 2017)

"The Lie of the Land", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast June 2017)

"World Enough and Time", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast June 2017)

"The Doctor Falls", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast July 2017)

"The Ghost Monument", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast 2018)

"The Tsuranga Conundrum", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast November 2018)

"Kerblam!", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast November 2018)

"The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast December 2018)

"Orphan 55", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast January 2020)

"The Vanquishers" Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast December 2021)

"The Timeless Children" sequential to "The Ascension of the Cybermen", Jodie Whittaker (March 2020)

Key: red is Christopher Eccleston; orange is David Tennant; green is Matt Smith; Peter Capaldi is blue; Jodie Whittaker is purple

[weepingfishturtledragon]

I want to hear Billy Batson and/or Captain Marvel with a transatlantic accent! From what I've read it seems possible, Shazam was created in 1939 and the transatlantic accent ended after world war ii which was 1945. This means that it is entirely possible that the golden age Captain Marvel/Billy Batson could have had a transatlantic accent!

Imagine Billy with his Golden boy personality, iconic all American boy next door looks, and his transatlantic accent, like no matter what he does he comes off as adorable! He could burn someone's house down and all he would have to do is say "Oh, I'm terribly sorry! I didn't see that candle there." and he'd get away with it! Captain Marvel would probably give off the vibe of an alien who learned everything he knows about Earth from old Hollywood films!

[kerink]

although i'm sure it's been done before, i wanted to build a timeline breaking down cecil's early life since i'd never seen one

?: age 5, the prophecy foretells that he will become the voice of night vale (e52) ?: age 14, his mother abandons him (ghost stories liveshow) ?: age 15, he begins working as an NVCR intern (e33) 1745: based on his voice acting, cecil is presumably still age 15 or maybe 16. he's still an NVCR intern and covers the founding of night vale (e7, 67) ?: age 19 "for a long time like, decades probably" (a spy in the desert liveshow) 1894-ish: in his early 20s he takes his trip to europe and meets guglielmo marconi, who shows him his prototype radio (e67) 1920: cecil was at the grand opening of the hundred years play (e173) 1934: cecil is still an intern (e67) 1939-1945: in e173 cecil says that within 20 years of the hundred years play's opening he became host of NVCR. in e67 cecil's first report as host is covering "a war in europe and the pacific and all around the world" which we can assume is the still on-going ww2. 1979-2001: leonard burton dies, it's unclear when that happened so i'll direct you to the wiki for more info 1983: the world ends (e109)

part of me also wanted to do this because i wanted to try to see if i could break down the rate at which cecil ages naturally. (unlike lee marvin, cecil does age, and since time became stuck before huntokar split reality, it must be something to do with the town and its people itself.)

disclaimer: this is just for fun and not meant to be a comment on or influence anyone's headcanons

cecil was 15/16 in 1745, was 19 for "decades," and 20-23 around 1894. given that he and earl graduated highschool together and that earl was 19 for "decades, maybe a century or more" (e56) let's go ahead and make it easy on ourselves and say cecil was also 19 for a century.

1894 - 1745 = 149 - 100 = 49

so cecil ages at a rate of somewhere around 4-8 years every 49ish years, allowing time for him to be stuck at 19 for awhile.

in e139 time began moving normally again, and while we can't be certain cecil is aging normally now he believes that he is. given we have no proof otherwise yet, let's assume that's our last possible date for him to be aging in his own special way

2018 - 1745 = 273 - 100 = 173

so 273 years have passed since cecil was 15/16, allowing time for him to be stuck at 19 gives us 173 years where he was possibly aging. this is 3.5 instances of "aging clusters" as calculated above, which means he's aged 14-28 years since 1745. meaning cecil is somewhere around 29-44

provided im not too drunk, too tired, and my math is right

[bookloversofbath]

The Devil's Birthday: The Bridges to Arnhem, 1944 :: Geoffrey Powell

The Devil’s Birthday: The Bridges to Arnhem, 1944 :: Geoffrey Powell

[er1chartmann]

Erich Hartmann

This is Erich Hartmann, the flying ace with the highest number of kills in history, timeline:

1922: He was born on 19 April 1922 in Weissach, near Württemberg.

1925: Given his father's difficulty in practicing medicine in Germany, the family moved to China.

1933: Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.

1936: At fourteen he obtained his glider pilot's license.

1937: At the age of fifteen he became an instructor in the Hitler Youth.

1939: WWII began.

1940: He joined the Luftwaffe.

1940: He began military flight training in East Prussia.

1942: He went to Zerbst-Anhalt.

1942: He graduated as a lieutenant in March and later attended advanced air artillery school.

1942: He made his first mission.

1942: He carried out his first aerial shootdown, a Shturmovik IL-2,

1942: He was decorated with the Iron Cross second class.

1943: Gunther Rall appointed him commander of the 9th Squadron.

1943: He received the Iron Cross first class.

1943: He received the Luftwaffe honor cup.

1944: He achieved three hundred aerial victories.

1944: He received the Knight's Cross with oak leaves, swords and diamonds.

1944: He married Ursula Pätsch.

1944: He was the fourth pilot in history to reach 250 planes shot down

1945: flying on a Bf 109G-14 to locate Soviet forces, he spotted a Yak-11 or Yak-9 fighter, which was performing aerobatics, and shot it down. It was his last victory, number 352, and also the last of the Luftwaffe during the conflict

1945: World War II ended.

1949: During his imprisonment, he was accused by the Soviets of war crimes and sentenced to twenty-five years of forced labor on charges of "sabotaging the Soviet war effort".

1955: He was freed and repatriated.

1956: He joined the newly formed Luftwaffe.

1970: He took his leave.

1971-74: As a civilian he was a flight instructor in Hangelar, near Bonn, avoiding public appearances as much as possible.

1993: He died on September 20th.

1997: Russia acquitted him of war crimes charges.

if you don't like it go with your life:

Sources:

Erich Hartmann's final interview

Wikipedia: Erich Hartmann

❗ I DON'T SUPPORT NAZISM, FASCISM OR ZIONISM IN ANY WAY, THIS IS AN EDUCATIONAL POST❗

[girlactionfigure]

It was a "small" act.

But, at the time, she didn’t realize she was making a life-changing, and life-saving decision, not only for her but for hundreds of Polish Jews during the Second World War, helping save them from Nazi execution.

Only when she died last year, on April 8, 2022, at the age of 107 did the rest of the world learn of her courage.

She was born Carmen Koppel in Vienna, daughter of Frieda and Emil Koppel. Her father, an opera-loving grain merchant, chose her name after Bizet’s Carmen,” according to The Guardian, “She studied languages at the University of Vienna, taking shorthand to help with her note-taking.”

She said “My mother had insisted that I learn something useful, so I learnt to type.”

“In 1936 she married Josef Weitmann, who owned a curtain-making business in Kraków, and the couple settled there and had a son, Sascha.

“After the German occupation of Poland in 1939, the administration wanted to re-establish Kraków as Krakau, a German city. As Jews, [she] and her husband were forced to live in the Kraków ghetto, established by the Nazis in 1940. Its inhabitants were allowed to leave and return only with special permits. Josef was killed while trying to escape; Sascha was smuggled to relatives in Hungary.”

According to the New York Times, “in late 1944, as a slave laborer in the administrative offices of the Plaszow concentration camp in Poland, [she] typed an important version of the manifest of prisoners bound for [a] munitions factory in the area of the Czech Republic then known as the Sudetenland.”

“It was in those offices” that she also added her name and the names of two friends to the list, indicating her profession as “schreibkraft,” according to writer Alex Mindlin.

By typing that list, she almost certainly saved her own life, the lives of her friends, and many others, according to Mindlin.

That “list” “saved them from the gas chambers of Auschwitz, where most of the other Jews from Plaszow were deported,” according to The Teller Report.

Years later after the war, she would meet again the man who had made that list possible, the man who employed her.

She had a different last name by this time, but he still remembered her by her nickname. [She never liked the name “Carmen”, so close friends referred to her after a character in “La Bohème”.]

'It must have been around 1953,” she said. “I had gone to Vienna and I was walking along a street with an uncle. We were passing a coffee house where there was a group of people sitting. This large man ran across and hugged and started kissing me, saying: ‘Mimi, Mimi…’

“It was then that I realised that it was Schindler sitting with some of the Jews he had rescued.”

“The documents that [Mimi Reinhardt] worked on were made famous by Thomas Keneally’s 1982 novel . . . and by the 1993 Steven Spielberg movie ["Schindler's List"], both of which detailed the extraordinary lengths to which [Oskar] Schindler went to save the lives of some 1,200 of his Jewish workers,” according to the Times.

Other sources cite the number of lives saved even higher. According to AFP (Agence France-Presse) and The Times of Israel, “The lists which Reinhardt compiled for [Schindler] helped save the lives of some 1,300 Jews at considerable risk to his own life.”

“Austrian-born Reinhardt (sometimes spelled “Reinhard), herself a Jew, was recruited by Schindler himself and worked for him until 1945.”

This is a new story for the Jon S. Randal Peace Page. The Peace Page focuses on past and present stories seldom told of lives forgotten, ignored, or dismissed. The stories are gathered from writers, journalists, and historians to share awareness and foster understanding, to bring people together. And, as such, the stories are never relegated to one single month - they are available all year in the Peace Page archives and on this page each week throughout the year. We encourage you to learn more about the individuals and events mentioned here and to support the writers, educators, and historians whose words we present. Thank you for being here and helping us share awareness.

~~~~~

Reinhardt, then known as Carmen Koppel, “survived the final liquidation of the Kraków ghetto in March 1943, when 2,000 Jews were slaughtered, because the Nazis deemed her language and secretarial skills useful,” according to The Guardian.

At the time, the Red Army was approaching Poland and workers in Plaszow were being sent west to death camps,” according to The New York Times.

Reinhardt was a “prisoner at a concentration camp near Krakow, Poland during WWII in 1944,” according to the World Jewish Congress, when Schindler recruited her for a job in the camp's administrative office.

“Schindler and his Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern, who had helped to motivate Schindler, prepared the 'list' of essential workers - all of them Jews - for relocation to his new factory,' according to writer Peter Beaumont.

As Schindler’s secretary, Reinhardt “drew up the lists of Jewish workers in the Polish city of Krakow to work in the factory of her German industrialist boss”, according to writer Caroline Frost.

“This was a highly risky enterprise but is estimated to have saved . . . [the] workers from deportation and almost certain death in Nazi concentration camps.”

Reinhardt also “added the names of friends and her own married names until Schindler's quota negotiated with the SS was fulfilled: "Weitmann, Carmen, January 15, 1915, typist" is number 279 on the list.

“The rescue almost went awry” according to The Teller Report.

“On the way to Brünnlitz in 1944, the train carrying Schindler’s workers was diverted to Auschwitz,” according to The Guardian. “Death seemed inevitable. But Schindler used his military intelligence contacts to stop the diversion, claiming that these workers were vital for his armaments factory.”

“They had to stay in Auschwitz for two weeks,” according to The Teller Report.

“Mimi Reinhardt later compared the time to Dante's ‘Inferno’.”

“At the war’s end, [Schindler’s] workers were liberated, and Mimi was reunited with Sascha.”

Reinhardt “settled for a time in Morocco and then New York, where she lived for 50 years,” according to The Guardian. “She kept in touch with other ‘Schindler Jews’ whose lives had been saved by escaping the Plaszów camp under Schindler’s protection, but did not speak publicly about her earlier life until she moved to Israel in 2007.”

In Israel, she joined “her only son, Sacha Weitman, who was then a professor of sociology at Tel Aviv University,” according to The Times of Israel.

Schindler died in 1974, when he “was named by Israel’s Yad Vashem Holocaust museum as a member of the ‘Righteous Among the Nations’, an honour for non-Jews who tried to save Jews from Nazi extermination,’ according to Frost. “He is buried on the Mount of Olives just outside Jerusalem.”

The story of Reinhardt’s “small act” came to light when she was being interviewed by the Jewish Agency for Israel. (Note, “Reinhardt wasn’t directly portrayed in the Schindler’s List film,” according to News18.)

Reinhardt “expressed regret that Mr. Schindler, whom she adored, did not become a household name until after his death in 1974,” wrote Mindlin.

“He would have loved it, the attention,” she said.

She added in another interview, "I saw a man who was constantly risking his life for what he was doing. He was human. He must have had a heart of gold."

Reinhardt spent her last years at a nursing home north of Tel Aviv.

She is “mourned by her son and his family, as well as the thousands of people whose parents and grandparents she helped escape certain death,” according to the Jerusalem Post.

She has three granddaughters, nine great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren.

In the image attached, Sasha Weitman, son of Mimi Reinhardt, holds an old photograph of his mother in Herzliya, Israel, (AP Photo/Ariel Schalit).

Of her contribution to history and assisting Schindler in saving hundreds of her fellow Jews, Reinhardt said, “I was just typing the list.”

~ jsr

The Jon S. Randal Peace Page

[the-mic-drop]

World Events & Hazbin Characters

@shokolandish this is your fault.

1800s

1840s- Sir Pentious is born (approximately maybe)

1841- The word 'dinosaur' is coined.

1861- The American Civil War begins

1869- The Suez Canal is completed

1873- Blue jeans are invented

1879- Thomas Edison invents the lightbulb

1888- Sir Pentious dies

1888- Jack the Ripper murders occur

1890s- Husk is born (approximately maybe)

1890- 1st use of the electric chair

1892- Basketball is invented

1896- The Olympics are revived

1900s

1900s- Alastor is born (approximately maybe)

1910s- Angel Dust & Vox are born (approximately maybe)

1912- The Titanic sinks

1914- Panama Canal opens & WWI begins

1918- WWI ends

1920s- Niffty is born (approximately maybe)

1920- Prohibition begins in the U.S.

1923- Time Magazine is first published & Disney is founded

1927- The first sound film "The Jazz Singer" is released

1929- The Great Depression begins

1933- Alastor dies & U.S. Prohibition ends

1937- The Hindenburg Disaster

1939- WWII begins

1945- WWII ends

1947- Angel Dust dies

1948- Gandhi is assassinated

1950s- Niffty & Vox die

1953- 1st color TV is produced

1954- Rock & Roll hits the American mainstream

1959- 1st documented AIDS cases

1960s- Cherri Bomb is born (approximately maybe)

1960- The Beatles are formed

1967- The New Orleans Saints football team is formed

1968- MLK Jr is assassinated

1969- 1st moon landing

1970s- Husk & Valentino die

1977- Star Wars is released

1980s- Cherri Bomb dies

1982- Michael Jackson's album Thriller is released

1984- Radio Ga Ga by Queen is released

1985- The Macintosh 128K is released

1990- The World Wide Web begins

A few takeaways:

They all died before the the internet as we know it began.

Vox died just before color TV came around

They all could have worn blue jeans in life

Angel Dust and Vox lived through both World Wars and they were likely at an age to be drafted into service during WWII. Maybe that's where Angel got so good with Tommy Guns? And MP-40s, come to think of it...

[anelegaicmind]

Why has capitalism appeared succesful for so long if so many people claim it to be the pinnacle of all evil?

Capitalism suffers from a great divide. There is pre-war capitalism (1500s to 1939) and post war capitalism (1945 to today). This great divide is heightened due to post-war capitalism being the only form in living memory while at the same time being severed by the period before it by the absolute destruction wreaked by ww2 for such a prolonged time.

Capitalism reached its peak virility during the 18th century for much of the world. This was when britain was shipping the most slaves from Africa, the USA had reached unending ferocity against its black, irish and italian slaves and indentured servants, while the use of child labour in british cotton mills had created truly vile work environments for the lowest classes. These wide spread cases of exploitation gave rise to concepts such as socialism and communism and saw quick growth that allowed the rise of workers unions and abolitionist movements.

Each of these movements moved at different paces throughout the world until the onset of ww1 which brought with it immense poverty and a major downturn in productivity resulting in the great depression. This pain was then doubled down on by ww2 which brought the capitalist world to such a dire edge due to lack of workers that it actually created the opposite effect: an economic boom. Throughout the 50s and 60s we saw immense growth. Due only to the fact that the population in many countries had dropped so sharply after the war workers were given better rights, higher salaries and workers unions held greater leverage as there was little else the capitalists could do. In the decades that followed capitalism painted itself a picture of perfect productivity and wealth to be shared.

Except now this is shifting downward. The global population is shifting once more. Global communication is showing us that slavery has not been abolished but simply moved to places we cannot see. There are too many workers in almost every sector which is affording capitalists to push down wages and hike up rents and other living costs. Our standard of living has entered its precipice and is now beginning its gradual change into a downward trajectory. A trajectory that will take us back into the abysmal living standards of the 18th century where workers are forced into slums, earning barely enough for their day and shackled by debt that prevents any opportunity of social mobility.

The only difference is that the modern capitalist world is not maintained by sugar and cotton but by consumerism and neophilism. Unlike the 18th century, if the capitalists continue to push down wages while increasing living costs we will be able to purchase less and less, thereby causing a crash in the potential that each individual is able to consume creating a new point of collapse of their coveted system of exploitation.

Even greater than the existential threat that capitalism poses to itself is the imminence of the climate catastrophe and the ever increasing risk of a third world war. Should a third world war begin and end it may offer a life line and a second economic boom under the wing of capitalism but with the potentially indefinite effects of climate catastrophe it is likely that capitalism will be unable to recover and will break under the scant resources, the collapse of supply chains and the mass movement of climate refugees.

Capitalism is on the verge of collapse but we must dismantle it early to provide the smoothest transition for a global population. Socialism, communism and anarchy will vie for power but only anarchism can exist in the total chaos that scientists forewarn. The only strength and resilience of anarchism against chaos is the investment into local communities, farmers and local craftspeople. Buy local. Build your local communities. Meet in person. Attend farmers markets. Make friends organically. Buy and sell art amongst your communities.

By becoming reliant on the local we are resilient to the breakdown of the global. Dont let the capitalist lie of comfort and convenience blind you to the vibrance and beauty that can be found in the local and the seasonal.