#Array Networks

[nyaskitten]

why are there no good villain couples nowadays... did everyone unanimously agree jessie and james are peak couple goals and decide they wouldnt even try???

[ritesh124]

Exploring Chelmsford Taxi Services: Convenience, Comfort, and Reliability

Chelmsford, a picturesque city located in Essex, England, is a vibrant place known for its rich history, scenic landscapes, and bustling local life. Whether you're a local resident, a business traveler, or a tourist visiting for the first time, transportation is key to experiencing everything this charming city has to offer. Chelmsford taxis offer a convenient, reliable, and comfortable way to get around, making them an essential part of the city's transportation network.

The Importance of Chelmsford Taxis

Chelmsford is a city with a diverse array of attractions and destinations, from the peaceful Hylands House and Estate to the lively High Chelmer Shopping Centre. Getting from one spot to another can sometimes be a challenge, especially for those unfamiliar with the area. This is where Chelmsford taxi services come into play, offering an excellent solution for both short and long-distance travel.

Taxis in Chelmsford provide an unmatched level of convenience. With just a simple phone call or a tap on a smartphone app, you can have a taxi at your door within minutes. This on-demand service is particularly beneficial for people who are on tight schedules, such as business professionals attending meetings or tourists eager to explore various spots in the city. The accessibility and ease of booking make taxis a popular choice for both locals and visitors.

Reliability and Safety

One of the top concerns for any passenger is safety, and Chelmsford taxis excel in this area. All licensed taxis are subject to strict regulations set by the local council, ensuring that drivers undergo background checks, maintain their vehicles to a high standard, and are well-versed in local routes. Whether you’re heading to Chelmer Valley Park or catching a train at Chelmsford Station, you can rely on the fact that your driver will be professional, knowledgeable, and punctual.

Chelmsford taxis are also equipped with GPS technology, which helps drivers find the most efficient routes, avoiding traffic jams or delays. This ensures that you’ll reach your destination in a timely manner, making taxi services in Chelmsford an ideal option for getting to important appointments, flights, or meetings without the hassle of public transportation.

Affordable and Flexible Services

Another key benefit of using Chelmsford taxis is their affordability. Many people assume that taxis are expensive, but in Chelmsford, taxi fares are competitive and provide excellent value for money. Whether you’re making a quick trip across town or need a longer ride, you’ll find that the fares are reasonable, especially considering the comfort and convenience of a private vehicle.

In addition to standard taxis, there are also specialized services available, such as airport transfers and group travel options. If you’re planning a trip to London or Stansted Airport, for example, many Chelmsford taxi companies offer fixed-rate airport transfer services that can save you money and eliminate the uncertainty of fluctuating public transport prices.

Why Choose Chelmsford Taxis?

Chelmsford taxis stand out for their quality of service, offering everything from top-notch customer care to spacious, clean, and modern vehicles. The drivers are friendly and willing to go the extra mile to ensure a pleasant journey, whether it’s assisting with luggage or providing local insights to tourists.

For those looking to explore Chelmsford and beyond, taxis are a stress-free way to navigate the city. With the rise of app-based taxi services, booking a ride has never been easier, allowing you to travel with ease and comfort. In Chelmsford, taxis are not just a way to get from point A to point B; they are an essential part of the city’s transport system, designed to make life easier for everyone.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Chelmsford taxis offer a reliable, safe, and cost-effective means of transportation that benefits residents, businesses, and visitors alike. With their on-demand availability, experienced drivers, and excellent service, Chelmsford taxis are an indispensable part of the city's vibrant lifestyle. Whether you're commuting, sightseeing, or simply need a convenient ride, Chelmsford taxis make travel effortless and enjoyable.

[addohaislam2000]

What is a resistor, resistor network, high power resistor, resistor array chip

CRCW Series 0805 300 Ohm ±5% 0.5 W ±100 ppm/K SMT Thick Film Chip Resistor

[trendingreportz]

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

The FPGA market was valued at USD 4.79 Billion in 2017 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 8.5% during 2017 and 2023. The growing demand for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), the growth of IoT and reduction in time-to-market are the key driving factors for the FPGA market. Owing to benefits such as increasing the performance, early time to market, replacing glue logic, reducing number of PCB spins, and reducing number of parts of PCB, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA’s) are being used in many CPU’s. Industrial networking, industrial motor control, industrial control applications, machine vision, video surveillance make use of different families of FPGA’s.

North America is the leading market for field programmable gate arrays with U.S. leading the charge followed by Europe. North America region is forecast to have highest growth in the next few years due to growing adoption of field programmable gate arrays.

What is Field Programmable Gate Arrays?

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are semiconductor devices. The lookup table (LUT) is the basic block in every FPGA. Different FPGAs use variable sized LUTs. A lookup table is logically equivalent to a RAM with the inputs being the address select lines and can have multiple outputs in order to get two Boolean functions of the same inputs thus doubling the number of configuration bits. FPGAs can be reprogrammed to desired application or functionality requirements after manufacturing. This differentiates FPGAs from Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) although they help in ASIC designing itself, which are custom manufactured for specific design tasks. 

In a single integrated circuit (IC) chip of FPGA, millions of logic gates can be incorporated. Hence, a single FPGA can replace thousands of discrete components. FPGAs are an ideal fit for many different markets due to their programmability. Ever-changing technology combined with introduction of new product portfolio is the major drivers for this industry.

Request Sample

What are the major applications for Field Programmable Gate Arrays?

FPGA applications are found in Industrial, Medical, Scientific Instruments, security systems, Video & Image Processing, Wired Communications, Wireless Communications, Aerospace and Defense, Medical Electronics, Audio, Automotive, Broadcast, Consumer Electronics, Distributed Monetary Systems, Data and Computer Centers and many more verticals.

Particularly in the fields of computer hardware emulation, integrating multiple SPLDs, voice recognition, cryptography, filtering and communication encoding,  digital signal processing, bioinformatics, device controllers, software-defined radio, random logic, ASIC prototyping, medical imaging, or any other electronic processing FGPAs are implied because of their capability of being programmable according to requirement. FPGAs have gained popularity over the past decade because they are useful for a wide range of applications.

FPGAs are implied for those applications in particular where the production volume is small. For low-volume applications, the leading companies pay hardware costs per unit. The new performance dynamics and cost have extended the range of viable applications these days.

Market Research and Market Trends of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Ecosystem

FPGA As Cloud Server: IoT devices usually have limited processing power, memory size and bandwidth. The developers offer interfaces through compilers, tools, and frameworks. This creates effectiveness for the customer base and creates strong cloud products with increased efficiency which also included new machine learning techniques, Artificial Intelligence and big data analysis all in one platform. Web Service Companies are working to offer FPGAs in Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) cloud environment. 

Inquiry Before Buying

Artificial Intelligence: As an order of higher magnitude performance per Watt than commercial FPGAs and (Graphical Processing Unit) GPUs in SOC search giant offers TPUs (Google’s Tensor Processing Units). AI demands for higher performance, less time, larger computation with more power proficient for deep neural networks. Deep neural network power-up the high-end devices. Google revealed that the accelerators (FGPAs) were used for the Alpha GO systems which is a computer developed by Google DeepMind that plays the board game Go.  CEA also offers an ultra-low power programmable accelerator called P-Neuro.

Photonic Networks for Hardware Accelerators: Hardware Accelerators normally need high bandwidth, low latency, and energy efficiency. The high performance computing system has critical performance which is shifted from the microprocessors to the communications infrastructure. Optical interconnects are able to address the bandwidth scalability challenges of future computing systems, by exploiting the parallel nature and capacity of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The multi-casted network uniquely exploits the parallelism of WDM to serve as an initial validation for architecture. Two FPGA boarded systems emulate the CPU and hardware accelerator nodes. Here FPGA transceivers implement and follow a phase-encoder header network protocol. The output of each port is individually controlled using a bitwise XNOR of port’s control signal. Optical packets are send through the network and execute switch and multicasting of two receive nodes with most reduced error

Low Power and High Data Rate FPGA: “Microsemi” FPGAs provides a non-volatile FPGA having 12.7 GB/s transceiver and lower poor consumption less than 90mW at 10 GB/s. It manufactured using a 28nm silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon nonvolatile process on standard CMOS technology. By this they address cyber security threats and deep submicron single event upsets in configuration memory on SRAM-based FPGA. These transceivers use cynical I/O gearing logic for DDR memory and LVDS. Cryptography research provides differential power analysis protection technology, an integrated physical unclonable function and 56 kilobyte of secure embedded non-volatile memory, the built-in tamper detectors parts and counter measures.

Schedule a Call

Speeds up FPGA-in-the-loop verification: HDL Verifier is used to speed up FPGA-in-the-loop (FIL) verification. Faster communication between the FPGA board and higher clock frequency is stimulated by the FIL capabilities. This would increase the complexity of signal processing, control system algorithms and vision processing. For validation of the design in the system context simulate hardware implementation on an FPGA board. HDL Verifier automates the setup and connection of MATLAB and Simulink test environments to designs running on FPGA development boards. The R2016b has been released that allows engineers to specify a custom frequency for their FPGA system clock with clock rates up to five times faster than previously possible with FIL. This improves faster run-time. From MATLAB and Simulink is an easy way to validate hardware design within the algorithm development environment

Xilinx Unveils Revolutionary Adaptable Computing Product Category: Xilinx, Inc. which is leader in FGPAs, has recently announced a new product category which is named as Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform (ACAP) and has the capabilities far beyond of an FPGA. An ACAP is a highly integrated multi-core heterogeneous compute platform that can be changed at the hardware level to adapt to the needs of a wide range of applications and workloads. ACAP has the capability of dynamic adaption during operation which enables it to deliver higher performance per-watt levels that is unmatched by CPUs or GPUs.

Lattice Releases Next-Generation FPGA Software for Development of Broad Market Low Power Embedded Applications: Lattice Semiconductor, launched its FPGA software recently. Lattice Radiant targeted for the development of broad market low power embedded applications. Device’s application expands significantly across various market segments including mobile, consumer, industrial, and automotive due to is rich set of features and ease-of-use, Lattice Radiant software’s support for iCE40 Ultra plus FPGAs. ICE40 Ultra Plus devices are the world’s smallest FPGAs with enhanced memory and DSPs to enable always on, distributed processing. The Lattice Radiant software is available for free download.

Who are the Major Players in market?

The companies referred in the market research report include Intel Inc, Microsemi, Lattice Semiconductor, Xilinx, Atmel, Quick Logic Corp., Red Pitaya, Mercury Computer, Nallatech Inc., Achronix Semiconductor Corporation, Acromag Inc., Actel Corp., Altera Corp.

Buy Now

What is our report scope?

The report incorporates in-depth assessment of the competitive landscape, product market sizing, product benchmarking, market trends, product developments, financial analysis, strategic analysis and so on to gauge the impact forces and potential opportunities of the market. Apart from this the report also includes a study of major developments in the market such as product launches, agreements, acquisitions, collaborations, mergers and so on to comprehend the prevailing market dynamics at present and its impact during the forecast period 2017-2023.

All our reports are customizable to your company needs to a certain extent, we do provide 20 free consulting hours along with purchase of each report, and this will allow you to request any additional data to customize the report to your needs.

Key Takeaways from this Report

Evaluate market potential through analyzing growth rates (CAGR %), Volume (Units) and Value ($M) data given at country level – for product types, end use applications and by different industry verticals.

Understand the different dynamics influencing the market – key driving factors, challenges and hidden opportunities.

Get in-depth insights on your competitor performance – market shares, strategies, financial benchmarking, product benchmarking, SWOT and more.

Analyze the sales and distribution channels across key geographies to improve top-line revenues.

Understand the industry supply chain with a deep-dive on the value augmentation at each step, in order to optimize value and bring efficiencies in your processes. 

Get a quick outlook on the market entropy – M&A’s, deals, partnerships, product launches of all key players for the past 4 years. 

Evaluate the supply-demand gaps, import-export statistics and regulatory landscape for more than top 20 countries globally for the market. 

[reasonsforhope]

"Scientists in Singapore have broken a long-standing limitation on the ability to generate electricity from flowing water, suggesting that another elemental force of nature could be leveraged for renewable electricity: rain.

With the simplest and smallest scale test setup, the team could power around 12 LED lightbulbs with simulated rain droplets flowing through a tube, but at scale, their method could generate meaningful amounts that could rival rooftop solar arrays.

Singapore experiences significant rainfall throughout the year, averaging 101 inches (2581 millimeters) of precipitation annually. The idea of generating electricity from such falling water is attractive, but the method has long been constrained by a principle called the Debye Length.

Nevertheless, the concept is possible because of a simple physical principle that charged entities on the surface of materials get nudged when they rub together—as true for water droplets as it is for a balloon rubbed against the hair on one’s head.

While this is true, the power values thus generated have been negligible, and electricity from flowing water has been limited to the driving of turbines in hydropower plants.

However, in a study published in the journal ACS Central Science, a team of physicists has found a way to break through the constraints of water’s Debye Length, and generate power from simulated rain.

“Water that falls through a vertical tube generates a substantial amount of electricity by using a specific pattern of water flow: plug flow,” says Siowling Soh, author of the study. “This plug flow pattern could allow rain energy to be harvested for generating clean and renewable electricity.”

The authors write in their study that in existing tests of the power production from water flows, pumps are always used to drive liquid through the small channels. But the pumps require so much energy to run that outputs are limited to miniscule amounts.

Instead, their setup to harness this plug flow pattern was scandalously simple. No moving parts or mechanisms of any kind were required. A simple plastic tube just 2 millimeters in diameter; a large plastic bottle; a small metallic needle. Water coming out of the bottle ran along the needle and bumped into the top section of the tube that had been cut in half, interrupting the water flow and allowing pockets of air to slide down the tube along with the water.

The air was the key to breaking through the limits set by the Debye Length, and key to the feasibility of electricity generation from water. Wires placed at the top of the tube and in the cup harvested the electricity.

The total generation rate of greater than 10% resulted in about 100 watts per square meter of tube. For context, a 100-watt solar panel can power an appliance as large as a blender or ceiling fan, charge a laptop, provide for several light bulbs, or even a Wi-Fi router.

Because the droplet speeds tested were much slower than rain, the researchers suggest that the real thing would provide even more than their tests, which were of course on a microscale."

-via Good News Network, April 30, 2025

[renthony]

A significant amount of my opinions about modern queer television are influenced by researching older queer media.

I see a lot of the same vitriol in modern queer fandom discourse that has been playing out in queer spaces since film and television were invented. Shows in the 70s started making steps toward sensitivity consulting in queer media, even as the networks fought them on it. Imperfect but earnest queer representation was met with aggressive protests by homophobes and queer people who thought it wasn't good enough. The argument over good representation vs no representation has been happening for decades and decades.

You spend enough time immersed in old queer media and you really start to vibe with Harvey Fierstein's words in The Celluloid Closet documentary. Or at least, I do.

Harvey Fierstein: "I liked the sissy. Is it used in negative ways? Yeah, but, my view has always been visibility at any cost."

The way I see it, the way to genuine, loving queer representation that showcases a vast array of experiences is to stop demanding perfection. The fewer queer stories that are allowed to exist, the more of the heavy lifting those stories have to do in the representation department.

When we have numerous queer stories, it's suddenly much less important to argue over whether the queer characters in question are "good" or "positive." They can just be queer characters who exist in the same infinite variety as straight characters. They can be messy, they can be flawed, they can be honest portrayals of the complexity of human existence.

Queer representation will never be perfect, and striving for perfection is how we shoot ourselves in the foot.

Some starter reading for those interested:

Alternate Channels: Queer Images on 20th-Century TV (revised edition) - Steven Capsuto

Hi Honey, I'm Homo!: Sitcoms, Specials, and the Queering of American Culture - Matt Baume

The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies - Vito Russo

[anim-ttrpgs]

Silk & Dagger: A Sensible Drow RPG

(thumbnail art by @chaospyromancy)

Drow: Intensely matriarchal, tunnel-dwelling, scantily-clad warriors obsessed with an evil spider goddess. Why would anyone with access to magic and resources live in tunnels and fight half-naked? Enter: Silk & Dagger: A Sensible Drow RPG.

These dark elves have a long and sordid history, but now they live in a network of tightly constraining social rules, entangling them like a useless servant in the webs of a domesticated spider. Every Drow is the matriarch of a household of servants, and together (and apart), they must navigate the edicts of the Spider Goddess and keep up the Reputation that keeps them safe against other Drow.

Asymmetric Gameplay 

Silk & Dagger: A Sensible Drow RPG features two distinct player-character classes, and two distinct game master roles.

Players either take the role of a brutal mistress whom everything she says goes, whether she understands what she’s talking about or not, and whose position of dominance is maintained by the respect of her peers, respect that hinges on how brutal and controlling she is to her subordinates; or an array of pathetic servants who are helpless without their mistress’s “leadership,” (and maybe even be more so with it).

In addition to the standard game master role, the one who sets up the scenario and runs the NPCs, there is a secondary game master role, that of the Spider Goddess, representing the social scrutiny weighing down on every caste of this strict, ruthless society. Silk & Dagger encourages rotation of players in and out of these roles, rewarding them with points that can be spent to give their own PCs an edge next time they play a PC.

Satire and Deconstruction 

Silk & Dagger: A Sensible Drow RPG takes many of the established trappings of “dark elves” and asks “what kind of society and environment would actually produce individuals like this?” This question is the springboard off which the satire launches, and lands uncomfortably close to home.

Comedy 

Taking inspiration from games like Paranoia, Silk & Dagger: A Sensible Drow RPG presents a situation where survival often hinges on working together, but social pressures, class divides, and constant scrutiny encourage player-characters to do anything but, resulting in a sitcom-esque comedy-of-errors in a grimdark, lightless world.

[blueiscoool]

Greek Farmer Stumbles Onto 3,400-Year-Old Tomb Hidden Below His Olive Grove

The Crete local was trying to park his vehicle when he accidentally unearthed the ancient Minoan grave

Sometime between 1400 and 1200 B.C., two Minoan men were laid to rest in an underground enclosure carved out of the soft limestone native to southeast Crete. Both were entombed within larnakes—intricately embossed clay coffins popular in Bronze Age Minoan society—and surrounded by colorful funerary vases that hinted at their owners’ high status. Eventually, the burial site was sealed with stone masonry and forgotten, leaving the deceased undisturbed for roughly 3,400 years.

Earlier this summer, a local farmer accidentally brought the pair’s millennia-long rest to an abrupt end, George Dvorsky reports for Gizmodo. The farmer was attempting to park his vehicle beneath a shaded olive grove on his property when the ground gave way, forcing him to find a new parking spot. As he started to drive off, the unidentified local noticed a four-foot-wide hole that had emerged in the patch of land he’d just vacated. Perched on the edge of the gaping space, the man realized he’d unintentionally unearthed “a wonderful thing.”

According to a statement, archaeologists from the local heritage ministry, Lassithi Ephorate of Antiquities, launched excavations below the farmer’s olive grove at Rousses, a small village just northeast of Kentri, Ierapetra, in southeast Crete. They identified the Minoan tomb, nearly perfectly preserved despite its advanced age, in a pit measuring roughly four feet across and eight feet deep. The space’s interior was divided into three carved niches accessible by a vertical trench.

In the northernmost niche, archaeologists found a coffin and an array of vessels scattered across the ground. The southernmost niche yielded a second sealed coffin, as well as 14 ritual Greek jars called amphorae and a bowl.

Forbes’ Kristina Kilgrove writes that the high quality of the pottery left in the tomb indicates the individuals buried were relatively affluent. She notes, however, that other burial sites dating to the same Late Minoan period feature more elaborate beehive-style tombs.

“These [men] could be wealthy,” Kilgrove states, “but not the wealthiest.”

Unlike many ancient tombs, the Kentri grave was never discovered by thieves, Argyris Pantazis, deputy mayor of local communities, agrarian and tourism of Ierapetra, tells local news outlet Cretapost. In fact, the site likely would have remained sealed in perpetuity if not for the chance intervention of a broken irrigation pipe, which watered down the soil surrounding the farmer’s olive grove and led to his unexpected parking debacle.

“We are particularly pleased with this great archaeological discovery, as it is expected to further enhance our culture and history,” Pantazis added in his interview with Cretapost. “Indeed, this is also a response to all those who doubt that there were Minoans in Ierapetra.”

According to Archaeology News Network, most Minoan settlements found on Crete are located in the lowlands and plains rather than the mountainous regions of Ierapetra. Still, a 2012 excavation in Anatoli, Ierapetra, revealed a Minoan mansion dating to between 1600 and 1400 B.C., roughly the same time period as the Kentri tomb.

This latest find offers further proof of the ancient civilization’s presence—as Mark Cartwright notes for Ancient History Encyclopedia, the Minoans are most renowned for their labyrinthine palace complexes, which likely inspired the classic Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. According to legend, Queen Pasiphae of Crete gave birth to the Minotaur, a fierce half-man, half-bull hybrid, after falling for a bull sent to Earth by the Greek god Zeus. The Minotaur, doomed to an eternity spent wandering the halls of an underground labyrinth and killing anyone it encountered, was eventually defeated by the demigod Theseus, who relied on an enchanted ball of thread provided by the king’s daughter, Ariadne, to escape the maze.

Much of the Minoans’ history remains unclear, but Forbes’ Kilgrove reports that natural disasters, including the eruption of the Thera volcano, an earthquake and a tsunami, contributed to the group’s downfall, enabling enemies such as the Mycenaeans to easily invade. Analysis of the excavated Kentri tomb may offer further insights on the Minoan-Mycenaean rivalry, as well as the Cretan civilization’s eventual demise.

By Meilan Solly.

(Discovered in Summer 2018)

[trendingreportz]

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

The FPGA market was valued at USD 4.79 Billion in 2017 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 8.5% during 2017 and 2023. The growing demand for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), the growth of IoT and reduction in time-to-market are the key driving factors for the FPGA market. Owing to benefits such as increasing the performance, early time to market, replacing glue logic, reducing number of PCB spins, and reducing number of parts of PCB, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA’s) are being used in many CPU’s. Industrial networking, industrial motor control, industrial control applications, machine vision, video surveillance make use of different families of FPGA’s.

North America is the leading market for field programmable gate arrays with U.S. leading the charge followed by Europe. North America region is forecast to have highest growth in the next few years due to growing adoption of field programmable gate arrays.

Request Sample

What is Field Programmable Gate Arrays?

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are semiconductor devices. The lookup table (LUT) is the basic block in every FPGA. Different FPGAs use variable sized LUTs. A lookup table is logically equivalent to a RAM with the inputs being the address select lines and can have multiple outputs in order to get two Boolean functions of the same inputs thus doubling the number of configuration bits. FPGAs can be reprogrammed to desired application or functionality requirements after manufacturing. This differentiates FPGAs from Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) although they help in ASIC designing itself, which are custom manufactured for specific design tasks. 

In a single integrated circuit (IC) chip of FPGA, millions of logic gates can be incorporated. Hence, a single FPGA can replace thousands of discrete components. FPGAs are an ideal fit for many different markets due to their programmability. Ever-changing technology combined with introduction of new product portfolio is the major drivers for this industry.

What are the major applications for Field Programmable Gate Arrays?

FPGA applications are found in Industrial, Medical, Scientific Instruments, security systems, Video & Image Processing, Wired Communications, Wireless Communications, Aerospace and Defense, Medical Electronics, Audio, Automotive, Broadcast, Consumer Electronics, Distributed Monetary Systems, Data and Computer Centers and many more verticals.

Particularly in the fields of computer hardware emulation, integrating multiple SPLDs, voice recognition, cryptography, filtering and communication encoding,  digital signal processing, bioinformatics, device controllers, software-defined radio, random logic, ASIC prototyping, medical imaging, or any other electronic processing FGPAs are implied because of their capability of being programmable according to requirement. FPGAs have gained popularity over the past decade because they are useful for a wide range of applications.

FPGAs are implied for those applications in particular where the production volume is small. For low-volume applications, the leading companies pay hardware costs per unit. The new performance dynamics and cost have extended the range of viable applications these days.

Inquiry Before Buying

Market Research and Market Trends of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Ecosystem

FPGA As Cloud Server: IoT devices usually have limited processing power, memory size and bandwidth. The developers offer interfaces through compilers, tools, and frameworks. This creates effectiveness for the customer base and creates strong cloud products with increased efficiency which also included new machine learning techniques, Artificial Intelligence and big data analysis all in one platform. Web Service Companies are working to offer FPGAs in Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) cloud environment. 

Artificial Intelligence: As an order of higher magnitude performance per Watt than commercial FPGAs and (Graphical Processing Unit) GPUs in SOC search giant offers TPUs (Google’s Tensor Processing Units). AI demands for higher performance, less time, larger computation with more power proficient for deep neural networks. Deep neural network power-up the high-end devices. Google revealed that the accelerators (FGPAs) were used for the Alpha GO systems which is a computer developed by Google DeepMind that plays the board game Go.  CEA also offers an ultra-low power programmable accelerator called P-Neuro.

Photonic Networks for Hardware Accelerators: Hardware Accelerators normally need high bandwidth, low latency, and energy efficiency. The high performance computing system has critical performance which is shifted from the microprocessors to the communications infrastructure. Optical interconnects are able to address the bandwidth scalability challenges of future computing systems, by exploiting the parallel nature and capacity of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The multi-casted network uniquely exploits the parallelism of WDM to serve as an initial validation for architecture. Two FPGA boarded systems emulate the CPU and hardware accelerator nodes. Here FPGA transceivers implement and follow a phase-encoder header network protocol. The output of each port is individually controlled using a bitwise XNOR of port’s control signal. Optical packets are send through the network and execute switch and multicasting of two receive nodes with most reduced error

Low Power and High Data Rate FPGA: “Microsemi” FPGAs provides a non-volatile FPGA having 12.7 GB/s transceiver and lower poor consumption less than 90mW at 10 GB/s. It manufactured using a 28nm silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon nonvolatile process on standard CMOS technology. By this they address cyber security threats and deep submicron single event upsets in configuration memory on SRAM-based FPGA. These transceivers use cynical I/O gearing logic for DDR memory and LVDS. Cryptography research provides differential power analysis protection technology, an integrated physical unclonable function and 56 kilobyte of secure embedded non-volatile memory, the built-in tamper detectors parts and counter measures.

Schedule a Call

Speeds up FPGA-in-the-loop verification: HDL Verifier is used to speed up FPGA-in-the-loop (FIL) verification. Faster communication between the FPGA board and higher clock frequency is stimulated by the FIL capabilities. This would increase the complexity of signal processing, control system algorithms and vision processing. For validation of the design in the system context simulate hardware implementation on an FPGA board. HDL Verifier automates the setup and connection of MATLAB and Simulink test environments to designs running on FPGA development boards. The R2016b has been released that allows engineers to specify a custom frequency for their FPGA system clock with clock rates up to five times faster than previously possible with FIL. This improves faster run-time. From MATLAB and Simulink is an easy way to validate hardware design within the algorithm development environment

Xilinx Unveils Revolutionary Adaptable Computing Product Category: Xilinx, Inc. which is leader in FGPAs, has recently announced a new product category which is named as Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform (ACAP) and has the capabilities far beyond of an FPGA. An ACAP is a highly integrated multi-core heterogeneous compute platform that can be changed at the hardware level to adapt to the needs of a wide range of applications and workloads. ACAP has the capability of dynamic adaption during operation which enables it to deliver higher performance per-watt levels that is unmatched by CPUs or GPUs.

Lattice Releases Next-Generation FPGA Software for Development of Broad Market Low Power Embedded Applications: Lattice Semiconductor, launched its FPGA software recently. Lattice Radiant targeted for the development of broad market low power embedded applications. Device’s application expands significantly across various market segments including mobile, consumer, industrial, and automotive due to is rich set of features and ease-of-use, Lattice Radiant software’s support for iCE40 Ultra plus FPGAs. ICE40 Ultra Plus devices are the world’s smallest FPGAs with enhanced memory and DSPs to enable always on, distributed processing. The Lattice Radiant software is available for free download.

Who are the Major Players in market?

The companies referred in the market research report include Intel Inc, Microsemi, Lattice Semiconductor, Xilinx, Atmel, Quick Logic Corp., Red Pitaya, Mercury Computer, Nallatech Inc., Achronix Semiconductor Corporation, Acromag Inc., Actel Corp., Altera Corp.

Buy Now

What is our report scope?

The report incorporates in-depth assessment of the competitive landscape, product market sizing, product benchmarking, market trends, product developments, financial analysis, strategic analysis and so on to gauge the impact forces and potential opportunities of the market. Apart from this the report also includes a study of major developments in the market such as product launches, agreements, acquisitions, collaborations, mergers and so on to comprehend the prevailing market dynamics at present and its impact during the forecast period 2017-2023.

All our reports are customizable to your company needs to a certain extent, we do provide 20 free consulting hours along with purchase of each report, and this will allow you to request any additional data to customize the report to your needs.

Key Takeaways from this Report

Evaluate market potential through analyzing growth rates (CAGR %), Volume (Units) and Value ($M) data given at country level – for product types, end use applications and by different industry verticals.

Understand the different dynamics influencing the market – key driving factors, challenges and hidden opportunities.

Get in-depth insights on your competitor performance – market shares, strategies, financial benchmarking, product benchmarking, SWOT and more.

Analyze the sales and distribution channels across key geographies to improve top-line revenues.

Understand the industry supply chain with a deep-dive on the value augmentation at each step, in order to optimize value and bring efficiencies in your processes. 

Get a quick outlook on the market entropy – M&A’s, deals, partnerships, product launches of all key players for the past 4 years. 

Evaluate the supply-demand gaps, import-export statistics and regulatory landscape for more than top 20 countries globally for the market. 

[hadone]

COMEMİXGO - MEGA+ (4)

Welcome to Comemixgo, the ultimate solution for businesses looking to enhance their online presence and connect with a broader audience. In today’s competitive digital landscape, having a reliable platform is essential to stand out and grow your brand. Comemixgo offers an innovative way to expand your reach with its extensive resources, including a comprehensive free company directory and an unlimited company directory option, tailored to meet your unique needs. 

Free Company Directory

A free company directory serves as an invaluable resource for individuals and businesses looking for information about various companies without any associated costs. Such directories provide comprehensive listings that include essential details like company names, addresses, phone numbers, and industry classifications. When it comes to navigating vast amounts of company information, a free directory offers users an accessible way to locate the businesses they need swiftly.

Among the numerous platforms available, Comemixgo stands out by offering not only a free company directory but also an unlimited directory option. This flexibility allows users to browse through countless listings for various needs. A free company directory can be particularly beneficial for small businesses and startups, helping them to establish connections and discover potential partners or clients. Additionally, it empowers individuals looking to research companies for employment opportunities, investment prospects, or service providers.

Utilizing a free company directory is straightforward; users can often search by keywords, industries, or geographical locations. This functionality streamlines the process, making it easy to find just the right business. Furthermore, having access to an extensive company directory without the constraints of fees or subscription plans can greatly enhance networking opportunities and resource accessibility for everyone.

Unlimited Company Directory

The Unlimited Company Directory offered by Comemixgo is a comprehensive resource designed to empower businesses by providing unrestricted access to a diverse array of company listings. Unlike standard directories, this feature ensures that users can explore an extensive range of businesses without limitations.

With the Unlimited company directory, users can:

Access a broad spectrum of industries, making it easier to find competitors, suppliers, or potential partners.

Utilize advanced search functionalities that allow for filtering based on specific criteria such as location, company size, and industry.

Gain insights into various companies, including contact information, business descriptions, and service offerings.

Bookmark favorite listings for future reference, enabling quick access to key businesses that align with their goals.

This feature not only enhances user experience but also simplifies the process of networking and finding necessary contacts in the business landscape. By utilizing the Unlimited Company Directory, businesses can make informed decisions and foster valuable connections.

Overall, this tool serves as an invaluable asset for anyone looking to thrive in today's competitive market.

Comemixgo

Comemixgo stands out as an essential platform in today’s dynamic business environment, providing both a free company directory and an unlimited company directory. This dual offering ensures that businesses of all sizes can benefit from enhanced visibility and accessibility. Ideal for startups and established enterprises alike, Comemixgo simplifies the process of discovering and connecting with a diverse range of companies.

One of the key features of Comemixgo is its user-friendly interface, allowing users to swiftly navigate through the extensive listings. By leveraging advanced search functionalities, you can easily filter results based on various parameters, ensuring that you find the most relevant companies for your needs. Whether you are looking for potential partners, suppliers, or competitors, Comemixgo makes it easy to access a wealth of information at your fingertips.

Additionally, the platform promotes networking opportunities, encouraging collaborations and partnerships that can lead to mutual growth and success. With the option for businesses to list themselves, Comemixgo contributes to a thriving ecosystem where visibility translates to more opportunities.

This robust directory is not just about listings; it also emphasizes quality. By vetting and verifying company information, Comemixgo ensures that users can trust the data they access. This commitment to quality makes it a go-to resource for anyone seeking reliable company information in the ever-expanding marketplace.

For those looking to maximize their outreach or explore new avenues for growth, utilizing Comemixgo's resources can prove invaluable. With a focus on providing both a free company directory and an unlimited company directory, businesses can leverage the platform to enhance their visibility and tap into new markets!

[fairygodsystem]

Do you have any system names for just the grouping that aren't system or collective?

We are really wanting a one worded collective name

♡ Alternatives to "system" or "collective" Master-list ♡

Association　　Assembly　　Aggregation　　Assemblage　　Assortment　　Array　　Alliance

Band　　Body　　Batch　　Battery　　Bunch　　Bundle　　Battalion　　Bracket　　Brigade

Class　　Club　　Chain　　Circle　　Crew　　Collection　　Cluster　　Clutch　　Clique　　Clump　　Clot　　Combine　　Conglomerate　　Congregation　　Crew　　Crowd　　Company　　Collaborative　　Communal　　Cooperative　　Common　　Corporation　　Compilation　　Collation　　Caboodle　　Convocation　　Cumulation　　Constellation　　Clan　　Consort　　Crop　　Coalition　　Classification　　Conspiracy　　Cabal　　Coven　　Corps

Division

Establishment　　Enterprise

Faction　　Function　　Formation　　Foundation　　Fellows　　Fellowship　　Family　　Force

Group　　Gathering　　Grade　　Gaggle　　Grouping　　Gild　　Guild　　Genus　　Generation

Herd　　Horde　　Hoard　　Heap　　Huddle　　Hodgepodge

Institute　　Institution

Lot　　League　　Legion　　Layout　　Lads

Mass　　Medley　　Mess　　Miscellany　　Mobilization　　Muster　　Mess　　Melt　　Mutual　　Mob

Number　　Network

Operation　　Outfit　　Order

Platoon　　Party　　Parcel　　Posse　　Phalanx　　Pack　　Personnel　　Pile

Round　　Ring

School　　Squad　　Squadron　　Set　　Species　　Syndicate　　Staff　　Stack　　Stock　　Suite

Team　　Troop　　Trust

Union

Variety

[jcmarchi]

Everything You Need to Know About Digikey Resistors - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-digikey-resistors-technology-org/

Everything You Need to Know About Digikey Resistors - Technology Org

You’re probably aware that Digi-Key Electronics is a global electronic components distributor known for its wide selection of parts, including an extensive range of resistors.

Two resistors on a PCB. Image credit: gosiak1980 via Pixabay, free license

The truth is that resistors are fundamental components in virtually every electronic circuit, tasked with regulating current flow, dividing voltages, and performing a multitude of other essential functions. Discover more info here https://spectrum.ieee.org/slideshow-a-day-in-the-life-of-digikey.

So, understanding the different types of resistors and their specific applications is crucial for engineers, hobbyists, and professionals working in the electronics field. Digi-Key’s inventory covers a broad spectrum of resistor types, including fixed resistors, variable resistors, resistor networks, and special-purpose resistors, catering to a wide variety of electronic applications.

Fixed Resistors

Three resistors in a breadboard setup. Image credit: Harrison Broadbent via Unsplash, free license

Firstly, you should know that fixed resistors are the most common type found in electronic devices. These components have a predetermined resistance value that does not change over time or due to environmental conditions. Digi-Key offers fixed resistors in various form factors, including through-hole, surface mount, and chassis mount options, with resistance values ranging from fractions of an ohm to several megaohms.

Materials used in fixed resistors can vary, leading to differences in performance characteristics such as tolerance, temperature coefficient, and power rating. When selecting a fixed resistor from Digi-Key, consider the application’s voltage and current requirements to ensure the resistor can handle the expected power dissipation without exceeding its maximum ratings. Learn more on this page.

Variable Resistors

Variable resistors, or potentiometers, allow for the adjustment of resistance values within a specific range. These components are crucial for applications requiring fine-tuning of circuit parameters, such as volume controls in audio equipment or sensitivity adjustments in sensors.

Digi-Key’s selection includes both rotary and slide potentiometers, trimmers for circuit board mounting, and rheostats for handling higher power applications. When choosing a variable resistor, it’s important to consider the total resistance, adjustment range, physical size, and power rating to ensure compatibility with the intended application.

Resistor Networks

Resistor networks, also known as resistor arrays, consist of multiple resistors integrated into a single package. These components are ideal for use in applications requiring matched resistor values, such as voltage dividers or digital-to-analog converters.

Digi-Key provides resistor networks in various configurations, including isolated, bussed, and dual-terminator types, to accommodate different circuit designs. Resistor networks help streamline circuit layouts, reduce board space, and simplify assembly processes, making them a practical choice for densely packed electronic devices.

Meeting Unique Needs

Beyond standard resistive components, Digi-Key also offers special-purpose resistors designed for specific applications. This category includes current sense digikey resistors for precise current measurement, thermistors for temperature sensing, and varistors for transient voltage suppression.

Each type of special-purpose resistor has unique characteristics tailored to its specific function, such as low resistance values for minimal power loss in current sense resistors or negative temperature coefficients for thermistors. When selecting these components, understanding the application’s specific requirements is critical to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

Tips for Finding the Right Resistor

Navigating Digi-Key’s expansive inventory to find the perfect resistor for your project can be a breeze with the right approach. Given the critical role that resistors play in electronic circuits, choosing the right one is paramount to the success of any project.

Here are some tips to help you efficiently sift through Digi-Key’s selection and pinpoint the resistor that best fits your needs:

Define Your Requirements Clearly

Before diving into Digi-Key’s inventory, have a clear understanding of your project’s specific requirements.

This includes knowing the resistance value, power rating, tolerance, and temperature coefficient needed for your application. Consider the environment in which the resistor will operate, such as high-temperature conditions or exposure to high levels of moisture, as these factors can influence the type of resistor best suited for your project.

Use the Advanced Search and Filtering Tools

Digi-Key’s website is equipped with sophisticated search functionalities that allow you to narrow down your options based on various parameters.

Once you’ve defined your requirements, utilize these tools to filter results by resistance value, tolerance, power rating, and other relevant specifications. This can significantly reduce the time spent searching for the right component among thousands of options.

[nasa]

9 Out-of-This-World Moments for Space Communications & Navigation in 2023

How do astronauts and spacecraft communicate with Earth?

By using relay satellites and giant antennas around the globe! These tools are crucial to NASA’s space communications networks: the Near Space Network and the Deep Space Network, which bring back science and exploration data every day.

It’s been a great year for our space communications and navigation community, who work to maintain the networks and enhance NASA’s capabilities. Keep scrolling to learn more about our top nine moments.

The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Dragon spacecraft lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Thursday, Nov. 9, 2023, on the company's 29th commercial resupply services mission for the agency to the International Space Station. Liftoff was at 8:28 p.m. EST.

1. In November, we launched a laser communications payload, known as ILLUMA-T, to the International Space Station. Now, ILLUMA-T and the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) are exchanging data and officially complete NASA’s first two-way, end-to-end laser relay system. Laser communications can send more data at once than traditional radio wave systems – think upgrading from dial-up to fiber optic internet. ILLUMA-T and LCRD are chatting at 1.2 gigabits per second (Gbps). At that rate, you could download an average movie in under a minute.

NASA’s InSight lander captured this selfie on Mars on April 24, 2022, the 1,211th Martian day, or sol, of the mission.

2. Data analyzed in 2023 from NASA’s retired InSight Mars lander provided new details about how fast the Red Planet rotates and how much it wobbles. Scientists leveraged InSight’s advanced radio technology, upgrades to the Deep Space Network, and radio signals to determine that Mars’ spin rate is increasing, while making the most precise measurements ever of Mars’ rotation.

TBIRD is demonstrating a direct-to-Earth laser communications link from low Earth orbit to a ground station on Earth.

3. We set a new high record! The TeraByte InfraRed Delivery (TBIRD) payload – also demonstrating laser communications like ILLUMA-T and LCRD – downlinked 4.8 terabytes of data at 200 Gbps in a single 5-minute pass. This is the highest data rate ever achieved by laser communications technology. To put it in perspective a single terabyte is the equivalent of about 500 hours of high-definition video.

A 34-meter (112-foot) wide antenna at Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex near Canberra, Australia.

4. This year we celebrated the Deep Space Network’s 60th anniversary. This international array of antennas located at three complexes in California, Spain, and Australia allow us to communicate with spacecraft at the Moon and beyond. Learn more about the Deep Space Network’s legacy and future advancements.

An illustration of the LunaNet architecture. LunaNet will bring internet-like services to the Moon.

5. We are bringing humans to the Moon with Artemis missions. During expeditions, astronauts exploring the surface are going to need internet-like capabilities to talk to mission control, understand their routes, and ensure overall safety. The space comm and nav group is working with international partners and commercial companies to develop LunaNet, and in 2023, the team released Draft LunaNet Specification Version 5, furthering development.

The High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking node launched to the International Space Station in November and will act as a high-speed path for data.

6. In addition to laser communications, ILLUMA-T on the International Space Station is also demonstrating high-rate delay/disruption tolerant networking (HDTN). The networking node is showcasing a high-speed data path and a store-and-forward technique. HDTN ensures data reaches its final destination and isn’t lost on its path due to a disruption or delay, which are frequent in the space environment.

The Communications Services Project (CSP) partners with commercial industry to provide networking options for future spaceflight missions.

7. The space comm and nav team is embracing the growing aerospace industry by partnering with commercial companies to provide multiple networking options for science and exploration missions. Throughout 2023, our commercialization groups engaged with over 110 companies through events, one-on-one meetings, forums, conferences, and more. Over the next decade, NASA plans to transition near-Earth services from government assets to commercial infrastructure.

Middle and high school students solve a coding experiment during NASA's Office of STEM Engagement App Development Challenge. 

8. Every year, NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement sponsors the App Development Challenge, wherein middle and high school students must solve a coding challenge. This year, student groups coded an application to visualize the Moon’s South Pole region and display information for navigating the Moon’s surface. Our space communications and navigation experts judged and interviewed students about their projects and the top teams visited NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston!

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket soars upward after liftoff at the pad at 3:27 a.m. EDT on Saturday, Aug. 26, from Kennedy Space Center’s Launch Complex 39A in Florida carrying NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 crew members to the International Space Station. Aboard SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft are NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Andreas Mogensen, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Konstantin Borisov.

9. The Near Space Network supported 19 launches in 2023! Launches included Commercial Crew flights to the International Space Station, science mission launches like XRISM and the SuperBIT balloon, and many more. Once in orbit, these satellites use Near Space Network antennas and relays to send their critical data to Earth. In 2023, the Near Space Network provided over 10 million minutes of communications support to missions in space.

Here’s to another year connecting Earth and space.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[probablyasocialecologist]

Sixty-six staffers at Warner Bros. Animation and 22 at Cartoon Network filed a petition for a union election with the National Labor Relations Board on Wednesday and simultaneously requested voluntary recognition from management at the Warner Bros. Discovery subsidiaries. Collectively, the group includes workers in roles like production manager, digital production assistant, IT technician, production coordinator, production assistant, design production coordinator, assistant production manager and senior assistant production manager. The effort was announced on a joint Zoom call around noon on Wednesday with production workers at the Warner Bros. Discovery brands and TAG members. The staffers involved work on an array of shows, including Warner Bros. Animation’s Batman: The Caped Crusader, Harley Quinn and Teen Titans Go! and Cartoon Network’s Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake, We Baby Bears and Craig of the Creek. “Although many might not think it, production is a specialized skill; we might not be artists or writers, but what we bring to the table goes beyond traditional creativity and gets content on the air,” Warner Bros. Animation production manager Hannah Ferenc said in a statement about the organization effort. “Having lived through the existing state of the animation industry for the past seven years, I want to make sure that not only our current workers, but all those who choose to join us in the future, can feel secure in following their passion by earning livable wages and being treated with the dignity and respect they deserve.”

[ashprince-of-bel-air]

Little Dove: Part 4

No Lady Dundus this time i'm affraid, but we do get a glimpse of the Emperors wrath.

Part Three , Part Five

The time you spent high up int the Roman Emperor’s royal box would be one that you would commit to memory, you told yourself this as you watched the games with Lady Dundus upon your lap, not ever expecting any further interest from the young Emperor. Yet the royal carriage was now where you sat alongside your father, taking you back to the palace again for another banquet held by the emperors, one more catered to the finer members of the Roman senate. You had never travelled in a carriage of such splendour, the walls of it laced with the finest gold linen and adorned with the most intricate embroidery that you believed was better suited to an exotic villa rathe than a coach.

The journey to the royal palace was mostly uneventful, you peered through the bars of the window, drinking in the sights as you rode past upon high, the voice of your father blurred out in your mind. Your father had been lecturing you on how to behave tonight, he had ignored your hard-headedness for too long in the council meetings you attended but he would not have you embarrass him in this banquet; one that would be full of men of stature and influence. You nodded absentmindedly at his warnings; his voice was fuzzy in the back of your mind as you thought of the emperor and the way he played with your hair and kissed your skin only some moments ago.  Caracalla was sure to have many brides presented to him on a regular basis, women of higher standing than you, yet it did not stop you from daydreaming about him throughout the ride, imagining what it would be like to be his.

Upon arrival at the palace, you were greeted by an array of guards, guiding you into the main hall once again, utterly impressed at how it could possible look even more impressive than when you were here only a day ago, marvelling at how the servants must have been working tirelessly to achieve the impressive décor. This banquet was more intimate than the last, reserved for the higher class and influential people of Rome, though your father was a senator he would have never dreamed of reaching this level of class in society, hence his firm instruction for you to behave and not antagonise anyone for the night.

In your brief scan of the room you could not see Caracalla, it made your heart sink for a moment before thinking that obviously he would be busy, each one of these senators and generals would want an audience with the Emperors, custom dictated that they would entertain each one in conversation. Lonely was the banquet for you, your father was now off networking and schmoozing with those better than him, the Emperors interest in you had now made you a cow to milk for further influence, and one that he would milk dry until the emperor became bored of you, like he had done with so many of his concubines he attained.

Stood alone next to the wine bar you had eventually become a spectacle, how could you not attract the eyes of the lecherous men here, not when you were dressed so alluringly in the rose-pink gown you specifically chose to impress Caracalla. The gazes upon you now did not go unnoticed, you took your wine and tried to turn away or hide your body from them, it was bad enough in the normal councils, but these senators knew that they could act without consequence for the most part. If one of them wanted you there was nobody to save you, your father could not act without being a social pariah and you being shunned into the countryside; you would have to try your best to deter them any way you could, your fathers’ words echoing in your mind to not make a scene and behave as a lady.

Eventually you had caught a few glimpses of Caracalla at the end of the room, looking uninterested listening to his brother speak to a high ranking general, the eyeroll and look on his face made you chuckle behind the rim of your wine glass, watching him with interest. A hand was felt upon your lower back, making you flinch, your body stiffen as the owner of the hand came into view. You had recognised him straight away, Marcus. Son of Valerius, one of the most important senators of Rome, a fact that Marcus wore proudly, strutting like a peacock knowing that his fathers influence would grant him whatever he desired.

“And what is a beautiful flower like you doing by the wine bar by yourself? Do you have no chaperone?” His voice was seedy as his eyes raked over your body, you were beneath him socially but that didn’t mean he couldn’t fuck you or make you a mistress, you could just never be his wife. It was hard for you to surpass a sigh or roll your eyes at him, yet you did it for your father, not wanting to make an enemy of Marcus’ family, it would be devastating for your own.

“I am enjoying the peace Marcus” You bowed politely and smiled, taking all your effort to be polite to this wretch of a man. “My father is away talking business to the other senators, work I obviously have no Idea about” The smile on your face never faltered, you of course knew the business of politics, you knew even more than your brothers, but it was something you would never be allowed to join in with. A loud laugh escaped Marcus’s lips as you spoke, the idea of your father being on the same level as his own amused him greatly. “Oh, my flower” His tone was laced with venom as his hands grabbed your face, squeezing the flesh of your cheeks until your lips were pursed and parted, his fingertips digging in and causing you pain.

“Your peasant family is nowhere near mine, your presence here is frankly an insult unless you are here just to be a fuck toy for the rest of us. Do you understand that.” Hate spewed from his mouth, Marcus was viscerally offended by the fact your father was here with his own father, taking the anger out on you, confident that he would face no repercussions. Afterall, who would care about one middle class unmarried girl, relishing in the fact he could treat you how he pleased. You yanked your face from his grasp causing him to be even angrier. Attempting to walk away Marcus grabbed your arm tightly, yanking you back towards him and spitting at you. “Don’t you fucking walk away from me you whore!”

Caracalla had unfortunately been unable to greet you and your father personally to the palace due to his prior obligations, he instead watched you throughout the night and promised himself that he would give you a full private tour as an apology. As he watched you it made him smile, your eye rolls and pretend smiles made him chuckle and got him through the monologues of the boring generals, counting down the minutes until he was free to seek you out for himself. Caracalla had barely kept his anger in check as he watched you, seeing the leering eyes of the old senators upon you, you belonged to him, you were not for them to lust over.

When Marcus gripped your cheeks it tipped Caracalla over the edge, he did not even excuse himself from his conversation. Storming forward through the crowd he saw the entire interaction, watching you struggle away from him as he grabbed your arm, the only word he heard Marcus utter was “whore”, making Caracalla’s blood burn even hotter.

Caracalla placed his hand on Marcus’s arm and ripped it away from your own, his eyes now black with fury as he stared at Marcus. The silence was loud between them, Caracalla just stared at Marcus, hinting for a response, waiting to see what excuse he had to manhandle and bruise you this way. An involuntary smile spread across your lips as you watched Marcus bow weakly before Caracalla who was now stood at your side, his free arm around your waist loosely, ensuring you were safe next to him. “So, tell me Marcus, son of Valerious. Why are you roughing my honoured guest? Touching my Little Dove?” Caracalla’s voice was angry, you had heard rumours of the twin emperor’s wrath and now you were seeing it in person, almost in awe of it.

Marcus had no answer at first, tears spilling from his eyes as his arm was still held tightly in the emperors own. “Well, speak up young Marcus! You can lose a hand if you like!” The voice that came from Caracalla’s lips was frantic and angry, he was not used to people defying his orders as his grip tightened on Marcus’s arm. The firm grip caused Marcus to whimper and cry, begging for forgiveness, pleading that he did not know that you belonged to Caracalla, that he would have never touched you otherwise. Caracalla threw his arm away and let Marcus fall to the hard marble floor, letting him disgrace himself rather than others for once. You watched the exchange between the two of them, shocked that the emperor had even come to protect you of all people, you were the lowest ranking person here.

As your eyes were on Marcus on the floor, incredulous at the sight of him so humiliated; you felt Caracalla’s hand, a now delicate touch upon your chin, turning your gaze to meet his own. His eyes were wild as he scanned your body, you didn’t even have time to react before you felt him grab your waist and pull your body flush to his own. You took one look into his crazed blue eyes before you felt his lips crash against your own, his tongue pressing against your lips for entrance which you gladly accepted. A few moments pass as you kissed, the audience of the party erased in your mind in this moment, until Carcalla parted from you, his hand never leaving your hip, keeping your body flush against his own as he spoke, his voice booming throughout the room with authority.

“Let this be a lesson to learn from my fellow Romans, Y/N is mine and I will not have such mercy going forth.” The room was quiet but full of anxious nods from the senators in attendance, they understood very clearly what would happen if they so much as looked at you again. The speech made you blush somewhat, shocked at how protective he truly was of you, it made you bury your face in his neck and smile, for once feeling valued and loved by someone.

Caracalla felt your smile upon his neck, rubbing your nose affectionately against his skin whilst he stroked your hair, you felt the reverberation of a chuckle in his chest before he whispered into your ear with adoration. “My little dove”

[bestanimal]

Round 2 - Chordata - Chondrichthyes

(Sources - 1, 2, 3, 4)

Chondrichthyes is a class of jawed fish, commonly called “cartilaginous fish” due to their skeletons composed mainly of cartilage, making them distinct from all other vertebrates. They are comprised of the superorders Selachimorpha (“Sharks”), Batoidea (“Rays”), and Holocephalimorpha (“Chimaeras”).

Chondrichthyans breath through gills but lack opercula (gill coverings) and swim bladders. They have paired fins, paired nares (nostrils), and placoid (tooth-shaped) scales (except for electric rays, which have loose, soft skin). These placoid scales, also called dermal denticles, provide protection and streamlining, giving the animal’s skin a sandpaper-y feel. All chondrichthyans breathe through five to seven pairs of gills, depending on the species. As a general rule, pelagic species usually must keep swimming to keep oxygenated water moving through their gills, while demersal species can actively pump water in through their spiracles (a small hole or slit behind each eye) and out through their gills. Most larger, pelagic species no longer have spiracles. Chondrichthyans have many sensory organs to perceive the world around them. Their nostrils are attached to powerful olfactory organs. Around their face are a network of electroreceptors called Ampullae of Lorenzini, which allow them to sense electrical fields. Their lateral line has modified epithelial cells which sense motion, vibration, and pressure in the water around them. However, their sound-detecting apparatus has limited range and is typically more powerful at lower frequencies. Some species have electricity-producing organs which can be used for defense and predation. Chondrichthyans have a diverse array of shapes and sizes, ranging from the 10 cm (3.9 in) long, electric Finless Sleeper Ray (Temera hardwickii) to the over 10 m (33 ft) long Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus). All species are carnivores: some predatory, some ambush-hunters, and some filter-feeders. At least one species is omnivorous. Chondrichthyans have internal fertilization and most species give live birth, while some lay eggs. There is no parental care after birth, though some chondrichthyans do guard their eggs.

Chondrichthyans are considered to have evolved from Acanthodians, which appear from the Early Silurian. The first sharks began to evolve in the Devonian Period, though, while often claimed to be relatively unchanged, modern forms did not start appearing until the Early Jurassic.

Propaganda under the cut:

Mentioned briefly above, the Bonnethead Shark (Sphyrna tiburo), a small species of hammerhead, is the only shark known to be omnivorous. While it feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, and small fish, it also ingests large amounts of seagrass, which has been found to make up around 62% of gut content mass.

Also mentioned briefly above, Electric Rays (order Torpediniformes) are known for being capable of producing an electric discharge, ranging from 8 to 220 volts, depending on species, used to stun prey and for defense.

There are over 500 different species of sharks, and only a dozen could be considered dangerous to humans. That being said, of those 12, most do not seem to like the taste of human flesh, and bites are usually accidental or exploratory.

Many pelagic chondrichthyans occasionally breach, leaping out of the water. This can be done for hunting purposes, as a mating ritual, to shake off parasites, or even just for fun!

Today, all species of Sawfish (family Pristidae) are critically endangered. However, they were relatively common in the Cretaceous, where they were likely a common food source for Spinosaurus.

(Confusingly, Sawfish are a type of ray while Sawsharks (order Pristiophoriformes) are a type of shark. Sawsharks live in the deep sea and are rarely seen, while sawfish live in coastal and brackish waters.)

Kitefin Sharks (family Dalatiidae) have bioluminescent organs which glow blue in the dark

Chimaeras have a strange pair of teeth in their lower jaw which look like rodent incisors, giving them the common names “ratfish” or “rabbitfish.”

Great White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are regularly hunted by orcas, and when one is confronted by an orca it will generally flee and not return to that area for up to a year.

Manta Rays (genus Mobula) are incredibly smart. They were the first “fish” in the world to pass the “mirror test” (ie show self-awareness by recognizing themselves in a mirror rather than seeing the reflected image as another manta ray). They also have highly-developed long-term memory, form friendships, and play with each other by blowing bubbles and breaching out of the water.