#Natural poisons

[herpsandbirds]

Pleasing Poison Frog (Ameerega bassleri), “chrome morph”, family Dendrobatidae, endemic to Peru

photograph by Cristian Torica 

[rebeccathenaturalist]

ETA: I wrote up a guide on clues that a foraging book was written by AI here!

[Original Tweet source here.]

[RANT AHEAD]

Okay, yeah. This is a very, very, very bad idea. I understand that there is a certain flavor of techbro who has ABSOLUTELY zero problem with this because "AI is the future, bro", and we're supposed to be reading their articles on how to use AI for side hustles and all that.

I get that ID apps have played into people's tendency to want quick and easy answers to everything (I'm not totally opposed to apps, but please read about how an app does not a Master Naturalist make.) But nature identification is serious stuff, ESPECIALLY when you are trying to identify whether something is safe to eat, handle, etc. You have to be absolutely, completely, 100000% sure of your ID, and then you ALSO have to absolutely verify that it is safely handled and consumed by humans.

As a foraging instructor, I cannot emphasize this enough. My classes, which are intended for a general audience, are very heavy on identification skills for this very reason. I have had (a small subsection of) students complain that I wasn't just spending 2-3 hours listing off bunches of edible plants and fungi, and honestly? They can complain all they want. I am doing MY due diligence to make very sure that the people who take my classes are prepared to go out and start identifying species and then figure out their edibility or lack thereof.

Because it isn't enough to be able to say "Oh, that's a dandelion, and I think this might be an oyster mushroom." It's also not enough to say "Well, such-and-such app says this is Queen Anne's lace and not poison hemlock." You HAVE to have incredibly keen observational skills. You HAVE to be patient enough to take thorough observations and run them through multiple forms of verification (field guides, websites, apps, other foragers/naturalists) to make sure you have a rock-solid identification. And then you ALSO have to be willing to read through multiple sources (NOT just Wikipedia) to determine whether that species is safely consumed by humans, and if so if it needs to be prepared in a particular way or if there are inedible/toxic parts that need to be removed.

AND--this phenomenon of AI-generated crapola emphasizes the fact that in addition to all of the above, you HAVE to have critical thinking skills when it comes to assessing your sources. Just because something is printed on a page doesn't mean it's true. You need to look at the quality of the information being presented. You need to look at the author's sources. You need to compare what this person is saying to other books and resources out there, and make sure there's a consensus.

You also need to look at the author themselves and make absolutely sure they are a real person. Find their website. Find their bio. Find their social media. Find any other manners in which they interact with the world, ESPECIALLY outside of the internet. Contact them. Ask questions. Don't be a jerk about it, because we're just people, but do at least make sure that a book you're interested in buying is by a real person. I guarantee you those of us who are serious about teaching this stuff and who are internet-savvy are going to make it very easy to find who we are (within reason), what we're doing, and why.

Because the OP in that Tweet is absolutely right--people are going to get seriously ill or dead if they try using AI-generated field guides. We have such a wealth of information, both on paper/pixels and in the brains of active, experienced foragers, that we can easily learn from the mistakes of people in the past who got poisoned, and avoid their fate. But it does mean that you MUST have the will and ability to be impeccably thorough in your research--and when in doubt, throw it out.

My inbox is always open. I'm easier caught via email than here, but I will answer. You can always ask me stuff about foraging, about nature identification, etc. And if there's a foraging instructor/author/etc. with a website, chances are they're also going to be more than willing to answer questions. I am happy to direct you to online groups on Facebook and elsewhere where you have a whole slew of people to compare notes with. I want people's foraging to be SAFE and FUN. And AI-generated books aren't the way to make that happen.

[ethereal-esa]

🍃 ~Sage board~ 🍃

[shopwitchvamp]

“Treacherous Garden” by @vetiverfox Joggers with deep pockets, in sizes to fit SM-5X on WV

[lindagoesmushrooming]

[amnhnyc]

The strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) isn’t berry sweet. Its vivid coloring is aposematic—a warning sign to potential predators to stay back! Found in rainforests along the coasts of Central America, the strawberry poison frog lays its eggs on the forest floor, then carries tadpoles to water-filled plants to develop. 

Photo: bryanjbd, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, iNaturalist

[dianaashworth]

Nothing is ever just Black or White.

Nothing is ever just Black or White.

Do you recognise this plant? I didn’t. Browsing the plant life near to the beach at Snettisham I found something unfamiliar — a large attractive flowering shrub growing in the midst of stinging nettles and thistles with quite leathery leaves. It was blowing a gale, black clouds were heaving overhead and I had no gloves to explore more closely. So I took some photos and made haste to the car…

[poison-uwu]

Found the cutest harness at the op shop 💫

Uncensored

[himekokosu]

Colchicum autumnale

[theroadtofairyland]

Denizens Of The Darkness

Watercolor On Black Paper

2022, 22"x 30"

Monkshood, Aconite, Aconitum

[herpsandbirds]

Splash-backed Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus), family Dendrobatidae, found in the Amazon Basin of Brazil

Posionous.

photograph by kikkerdirk

[rebeccathenaturalist]

I am all for creative sushi, but not when the creator doesn't fully understand the ingredients. A sushi restaurant in Montana served people sushi with raw and very undercooked morel (Morchella spp.) mushrooms on it. Over fifty people ended up sick with gastrointestinal upset, and two people actually died. Other restaurants that served the same batch of morels, fully cooked, had no such issues, and there was no evidence that there was any mishandling of the morels that could have caused a bacterial or other contamination. So it's pretty clear that the raw morels themselves were to blame.

Yes, there are a few wild mushroom species you can eat raw, and only in small amounts). No, Morchella are not among them. Morels have a toxin in them that's neutralized by cooking; Paul Stamets theorized that it's hydrazine, but no one has been able to isolate hydrazine in a morel yet so that's not a done deal. Whatever it is, there's enough of it that it tends to give people nasty gastrointestinal upset when they eat raw morels, even in small quantities. This is the first I've heard of people dying from it.

It's not the only time I've heard of people dying from consuming a commonly-considered-edible mushroom, though. There were two separate incidents--2004 and 2009--in which several people who ate angel wing mushrooms (Pleurocybella porrigens) died of encephalopathy. Now, it did turn out that most of the people sickened had pre-existing liver and/or kidney issues. And a 2011 study identified an unstable amino acid, now named Pleurocybellaziridine, as the possible fatal factor that was found in large quantities in angel wings. It could be that the culprits were flushes of these mushrooms with abnormally high amounts of Pleurocybellaziridine. But you can't tell how much of a given metabolite a given mushroom has just by looking at it, and so that raises enough of an alarm for me personally that as a forager I just put angel wings on the "do not eat" list.

Will I continue to eat morels? Yes. The toxicity associated with raw morels has been known for a long time, and there have been no recorded issues with thoroughly cooked morels (the angel wings were also cooked, meaning the toxin is not thermolabile.) And as mentioned before, almost any edible wild mushroom is going to give you gastrointestinal issues if you eat it raw. The mushrooms you get at the store are a weird outlier that can be safely eaten raw. And by the way, button mushrooms, criminis, and portobellos are all the same species--Agaricus bisporus--at different stages of development.

This is why I emphasize in my foraging classes that you should always cook your wild mushrooms thoroughly, and if you're trying a new species for the first time only eat a small amount and then wait a few days to make sure you don't have any reactions. As the saying goes, there are old mushroom hunters and there are bold mushroom hunters, but there are no old, bold mushroom hunters.

[ryoalouette]

Machi's #15 DPxDC Idea

Bruce couldn't understand what was happening, or why, or how, or why, or when, or well, anything at all. One day he found two civilians, two teens goofing around the cave like two newlyweds. When Batman, with capital B; tried to interrogate them he only got mockery.

"What's with the long face?" They said before disappearing through one of the smaller caves. For a moment Bruce thought he had hallucinated the Asian boy and the Hispanic girl. Only to find the same Hispanic girl with a blond boy making out on Red Robin's bike. Plus another couple with them! And all of them were holding hands!

Then, a few days later, while he was investigating the lower levels of the batcave he found a black boy with a red beanie flirting with Jason, and Jason was flirting back? Batman had to pull everybody out of the caves and call for an emergency meeting. Only to find a boy with black hair passed out at the meeting table, using Batman's reports as cushions. Sitting next to him was a girl with also dark hair drinking with a straw from a coconut.

"Poor Danny," she said. "After all these years he still can't deal with alcohol." And then she promptly started to offer coconut milk to everyone.

He snapped at her but she only raised an eyebrow and left carrying the boy, Danny, on her back. And then the music started. Day and Night it would start playing at the most random moments. Samba, Rumba, Fados, Boleros, K-pop, anything went in, they even accepted petitions if the kids yelled loud enough. Steph had gotten in the habit of asking for Kill Bill's OST and Dick constantly asked for Taylor Swift. They even answered when Damian complained about their choices and asked for Chopin's nocturne. And then the batcave started to grow flowers! And trees? And the fruit was edible? What the heck?

"Sounds to me like you have a nymph infestation," said Wonder Woman after hearing his rant report. Batman stared at her like she had grown another head.

"I mean, flower powers, free love, did they have pointed ears?" Batman nood. "Yup, definitely a nymph infestation." Batman kept staring at her. Don't look at me like that, they are very common where I come from. The only solution is to wait until they get bored and move on. If you try to get rid of them violently not only you will fail. But also will risk the wrath of the gods." Batman kept staring. Wonder woman sighed. "I will call Pan to see if he is missing any nymphs and wants them back".

[occasionallybirds]

Dude, careful, you're standing on poison ivy!

White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)

Feb 27, 2024

Southeastern Pennsylvania

[lindagoesmushrooming]

Amanita muscaria

[snebleps]

Please do the thing.

I can't believe this took me half a year. It turned out my leather was way too thin.

But I held on to the flatness Pipa pipa in my heart until I obtained some that's more suitable for a bookmark.

Here it is on a book page about the danger of frogs!

(This is in reference to the flattest frogs)