#What is Refractive Surgery

[bharti9]

Best Refractive Eye Surgery In Delhi

Introduction

 Refractive eye surgery is a popular procedure aimed at correcting various vision problems, such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. It is a safe and effective method that can greatly improve visual acuity, reducing or eliminating the need for glasses or contact lenses. However, like any surgical procedure, refractive eye surgery is not without its potential causes and symptoms. In this article, we will explore the common causes and symptoms associated with refractive eye surgery.

Causes of Refractive Eye Surgery

Vision Problems: The primary cause of refractive eye surgery is the presence of vision problems, including nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. These conditions occur when the shape of the eye or the cornea prevents light from focusing directly on the retina, leading to blurred vision.

Desire for Visual Freedom: Many individuals opt for refractive eye surgery due to their desire for visual freedom. They seek a life free from dependency on glasses or contact lenses, allowing them to engage in various activities without visual limitations. The motivation to eliminate the need for corrective eyewear often drives people to consider surgical interventions.

Career or Lifestyle Considerations: Some professions or lifestyles may demand excellent visual acuity without the use of glasses or contact lenses. Athletes, pilots, and individuals in the military, for example, may choose refractive eye treatment  to enhance their performance and meet the requirements of their chosen fields.

[zerogate]

In 1976, a randomized, controlled study of a potential chemotherapy treatment for gastric cancer was conducted by the British stomach cancer group. The results of the study were published in the May 1983 World Journal of Surgery. Four hundred eleven patients participated in a double-blind study that involved the use of placebos. Neither the patients nor the clinicians knew who received a placebo/saline drip treatment and who received the actual trial-drug drip treatment. Nonetheless, during the course of the study, which lasted for several months, 30 percent of the patients who were given the placebo/saline drip treatment lost all their hair.

More dramatic examples of mind affecting body can be found in studies of people suffering dissociative identity disorder (DID), more commonly known as multiple-personality disorder (MPD). Sufferers of multiple personalities have been closely studied. These individuals can change from one personality to another in minutes, even in seconds; they may change personalities as many as ten times in a single hour. While multiple-personality disorder is well-known, what is less well-known is that the rapid personality changes are often accompanied by rapid physiological changes.

In his 1988 paper “Psychophysiologic Aspects of Multiple Personality Disorder,” Dr. Philip M. Coons reviews over fifty studies that identify physiological changes occurring when an individual with multiple personalities changes from one personality to another. The studies have shown that one personality can be allergic to specific allergens, such as bee-sting toxin, and other personalities within the same individual are not allergic. One personality can be left-handed while other personalities are right-handed. One personality can have moles or scars that another does not. One personality can need glasses while others do not. In a 1985 study conducted by Shepard and Braun, the eyesight of one multiple-personality sufferer was thoroughly measured— refraction, visual acuity, ocular tension, keratometry, color vision, and visual fields— after each of ten personality changes that took place in the course of one hour. Each personality’s eyes were uniquely different— including, in one case, the color of the iris.

-- Joseph Selbie, Break Through the Limits of the Brain

In 2015, doctors in Germany reported the extraordinary case of a woman who suffered from what has traditionally been called “multiple personality disorder” and today is known as “dissociative identity disorder” (DID). The woman exhibited a variety of dissociated personalities (“alters”), some of which claimed to be blind. Using EEGs, the doctors were able to ascertain that the brain activity normally associated with sight wasn’t present while a blind alter was in control of the woman’s body, even though her eyes were open. Remarkably, when a sighted alter assumed control, the usual brain activity returned.

This was a compelling demonstration of the literally blinding power of extreme forms of dissociation, a condition in which the psyche gives rise to multiple, operationally separate centers of consciousness, each with its own private inner life.

Modern neuroimaging techniques have demonstrated that DID is real: in a 2014 study, doctors performed functional brain scans on both DID patients and actors simulating DID. The scans of the actual patients displayed clear differences when compared to those of the actors, showing that dissociation has an identifiable neural activity fingerprint. In other words, there is something rather particular that dissociative processes look like in the brain.

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/could-multiple-personality-disorder-explain-life-the-universe-and-everything/

[bayoblr]

I was inspired by @luaminesce 's venting post on the Bayo3 ending to speak out about my personal feelings on the matter.

That ending was awful to me on many, many levels, but I'll be focusing on a specific one. As I've mentioned before, Bayonetta was THE most important character for my self-esteem as a woman who wears glasses since childhood.

I have "mid to severe" miopia and been dependant on specs for most of my life. Nowadays, thanks to the growing use of smartphones and increasing blue light exposure, there are more miopic people than 15+ years ago, so I'm aware that the following paragraphs may sound "dramatic" to a certain audience.

I'm a late millennial who grew up surrounded by romcoms that condoned the use of glasses. Wearing glasses are ugly; being miopic is unfashionable; you should be completely unaware of your surroundings so the hot guy can notice you and find out that you're actually attractive. When I got my first specs, I received notes at school with very hurtful doodles of what I supposedly looked like with a pair of glasses. People would actually bully you for being "four eyed" back in the day. They would take your glasses from your face, put them on their own and joke about how awful your eyesight is, call you names, brag about how they're much more attractive than you, make you tell how many numbers there are on their fingers from a distance when they catch you without your lenses.

Back in the day, I've never had a character who looked like me, and could relate to. Women in glasses are either "the ugly nerd", "the unfashionable poor soul" or "the hidden beauty", and if you're a latina like me, you were probably drowned in the many versions of "Betty la fea" (AKA "Ugly Betty"). If I gained a dollar each time someone told me how much better I look without my glasses, I'd right now be at my own yacht in the Bahamas.

Been single for a while and can't find a date? "Try not wearing your glasses, they make you unattractive" (I'm NOT joking, people have ACTUALLY told me that). Heck, even my ex-mother-in-law complained about my glasses and tried to convince me to go through a surgery (and this is your friendly reminder that refraction error surgeries only work temporarily).

Then I found about Bayonetta. She looked like me and wasn't a complete failure of a woman – on the contrary. She's sexy, she's attractive, she's sexual, she's a fashionista, she's THE woman. And her bad eyesight is just there. They don't try to revolve her personality around it. It's just an iconic, natural and very much welcoming trait of who she is and how she looks.

Until...

I was already too shocked seeing the direction they were going with the ending. But watching Bayonetta taking off her glasses in order to be kissed by Luka felt like a punch in the stomach. I immediately began to cry.

What does that even mean? Why couldn't she just stay with her glasses on? Did she need to do it so she could look good enough to be worth of love? Maybe it wasn't the writers' true intention, but I couldn't help feeling that bitter taste in my tongue.

Just because refraction errors are being more and more common, it doesn't mean that the bullying doesn't exist anymore. People (specially women) with eyesight disorders are still being portrayed in a ridicule way in media everywhere (I'd say Harry Potter is the only popular character with glasses that isn't ridicule, but look how that franchise is fucked up now). Children with glasses are still being targeted by bullies everywhere. People with severe conditions, hemianopia (half-blindness) and higher prescriptions are still being made fun of because of how their glasses look and how "comical" they are for being like that. I think most don't realize how people with glasses are treated in a dehumanizing way sometimes.

Bayonetta was (and is) my ultimate comfort character in many ways, but specially that. It was the first time I felt actually seen and represented. So yeah, I was extremely hurt not only by the total erasure of her relationship with Jeanne and "de-empowerment" of her character (I'LL CATCH UP ON THAT LATER), but also by how they completely destroyed my favorite thing about her in a matter of a second.

With love,

Your favorite miopic Bayonetta blogger.

[clatterbane]

A little update after that "no new glasses for you!" surprise yesterday.

Mr. C did not manage to get hold of the eye surgery clinic today, but hopefully tomorrow. It took me a while of frustrated searching, but I finally did find the professional terminology magic words to unlock more actually relevant information.

Vision imbalance following cataract surgery (anisometropia) [PDF]

Yep, that sounds like exactly what's been going on! Even before the added complication of throwing extra optical distortion from wildly different glasses lens prescriptions into the mix.

Thankfully, even with the pretty huge difference in vision between eyes now with no glasses on, I have not already been dealing with double vision since the surgery. "Just" some degree of the rest of their list, especially:

• Problems with balance (increasing the risk of falls).

• Difficulty with 3D vision and judging distances (for example pouring liquids, judging steps, and the general judging of distances).

And yeah, no wonder. They did neglect to mention the rather predictable eyestrain and headaches when your eyes just aren't working together well.

I was really hoping that getting new glasses would fix the problems I have already been experiencing from the unbalanced vision, but evidently not.

(Also, that brief overview kinda confirms that this level of difficulties should, indeed, have been at least somewhat avoidable with a different choice of lens implant. 👿 Which even the freaking NHS is saying should be discussed with patients, however likely this may be to happen on the ground.)

But, with that single magic word discovered we can hopefully get even further!

Another decent overview which does go a bit deeper. And options for non-surgical treatment are certainly what I am hoping to find, because jfc!

In practice most patients following initial cataract extraction are likely to be symptomatic of anisometropia giving rise to prismatic effects (anisophoria) and unequal retinal image size (aniseikonia), this may also occur in refractive surprises following second eye surgery. These changes will cause significant patient distress and difficulties with average daily tasks. Ideally such patients will undergo surgical correction of this or trial contact lenses to improve their symptoms. The following is a discussion of other non-surgical options available.

Please do tell me more!

Aniseikonia occurs as a result of unequal spectacle magnifications; this leads to a difference in cortical image size and resultant binocular vision disturbance. There are individual differences in symptoms and tolerance of aniseikonia but nearly all patients experience distortion in spatial perception with any of the following; headaches, asthenopia and uncomfortable binocular vision...

If the disparity of the postoperative refraction is greater than 2 diopters (2D) between the eyes, then there can be a vertical phoria producing diplopia. This is especially apparent when they use a bifocal segment to read. For example, if one eye is -1.00D and the other is -3.50D, there will be a 2.5D base-down vertical imbalance. This vertical imbalance will impair fusion and cause diplopia [2,3].

Where diplopia is double vision. Directly relevant to the glasses issue here, yeah. Mine were indeed vertical, stacked on top of each other but not quite touching. Thought I was going to hurl, after looking through the trial lenses just long enough to demonstrate the problem.

Yesterday, they also very specifically mentioned the already unequal retinal image size being amplified by the glasses lens correcting the still very nearsighted side. Which will apparently fuck up your visual processing but good, so your brain cannot combine the two images.

The difference between mine now is 7.00D, which evidently absolutely cannot be successfully corrected with glasses. (Prisms in the lenses also ain't gonna fix that image size problem so that your brain can make sense of the input.) Looking into it a bit more already, they will indeed generally aim for 3.00D or hopefully less difference between eyes.

Contacts were mentioned in the first paragraph there. And I was seeing some other references to correcting the worse eye that way. Please?!

Contact lenses also give more natural vision in that the differences in retinal image sizes compared to those of spectacle lenses are far less. For example, a +4.00D contact lens will give a magnification of approximately 2% compared to 5% with a spectacle lens fitted at 12mm from the eye. A subject with anisometropia of 4.00D is therefore unlikely to tolerate uncompensated spectacle lenses but should be symptom free when fitted with contact lenses [2,3].

Well, that is a relief. I don't really want to have to wear contacts without glasses backup if I want to see decently, but that prospect is sounding one hell of a lot better to me than even something like LASIK right now. (Especially with local anesthetics not working right on me. 😬)

What I am really not sure about is how well that might work with a 7.00D difference between the eyes, and not the 3-4D I keep seeing used as examples. (Not just there.) But, I am hoping that might do the trick.

As I see it right now, next up in order of preference is LASIK or similar. The absolute last nuclear option is letting anybody carve on the other eye to install a closer to matching aftermarket lens.

Hopefully the surgical clinic that basically caused this issue in the first place will also consider that the least attractive option--if nothing else because another surgery would indeed be on the health system's dime. Never mind the further risk of complications. There are at least not the same incentives to turn all invasive surgery-happy as on the better-insured sides of the US medical system. (Not that I am at all inclined to let them anywhere near the other eye if I can help it at all, especially after this.)

But, we'll just have to see what they say about it.

[sayeedaqsa]

7 Best Lasik Eye Surgery Centers in India

Lasik eye surgery has made eyeglasses passé. For who would not want to flaunt their eyes out in the open? I am sure all of us would like to get rid of the cage our eyes have to be continuously in, no matter how stylishly we wear them, we still aspire to be free from them. Lasik eye surgery has given hope to millions who suffer from myopia (nearsightedness), astigmatism (refractive error of the eye), &hypermetropia (farsightedness), and even presbyopia (insufficiency of eyes due to aging) in some cases.

However, any correction or surgery if not required, should not be undertaken, so goes the adage. Like all other surgeries, even this one has its limitations and involves risks. Dry eyes, halos, ocular neuropathic pain, and subconjunctival hemorrhage, are some of the non-serious adverse effects of Lasik surgery.

However, flapped discs, higher-order aberrations, uveitis, slipped flap, retinal detachment, Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and tendencies of depression and suicide (less commonly observed) in patients can be seen as more severe expressions of risks from the surgery. Thus, "if not required, do not attempt it" is the apparent suggestion good hospitals and doctors would provide you. However, if it becomes mandatory at some point in your life, do make sure you choose from some excellent hospitals where doctors can prevent corneal thinning in the best possible way during the surgery.

Generally, 25-40 years is the apt age to undergo Lasik eye surgery even though the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has approved Lasik eye surgery for patients 18 years of age and above in the United States. Doctors generally do not suggest it below 25 years of age except in special cases. Vision correction also does not mean that you will never need glasses or lenses again. This is a myth and instead what is more appropriate to say in this regard, is that your numbers going forth might not be so high as they used to be before.

If you are pregnant or already have thin cornea or a lot of vision change prescriptions, do not attempt Lasik eye surgery. Once your power stabilizes and you do not have any power changes for six months or above, only then try Lasik eye surgery after thorough consultation with your ophthalmologist.

So, without any further delay, let us find out which hospitals can tackle the surgery well in our country. Below we have listed the seven best hospitals for Lasik eye surgery in India.

Foremost Hospitals for Lasik Eye Surgery

Some of the best hospitals where the care provided to patients during/after surgery is worth applauding are being listed below.

1. Sankara Nethralaya

If you wish to avail the latest LASIK eye surgery in India, then you could opt for Sankara Nethralaya. You can have a corneal assessment, expert counseling, pre-and post-operative customized care and even prompt follow-up care.

Types of laser vision correction surgeries available at Sankara Nethralaya comprise of LASIK (Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis), Festo LASIK, PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), Epi LASIK (Epithelial Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis), and Wave front-guided LASIK.

2. Retina Foundation and Eye Research Center

Retina Foundation is a well-reputed center for undergoing a LASIK eye surgery. They are providing eye care facilities since 1976 and is a pioneer in Vitreo Retinal diseases.

Equipped with modern facilities and an expert panel of ophthalmologists and eye surgeons, the Retina Foundation is the best resort for any eye complains as they have a wide range of treatment and care facilities available.

3. Asian Eye Institute & Laser Centre – Mumbai

Asian Eye Institute & Laser Centre offers an excellent opportunity to undergo LASIK eye surgery and treatment in Mumbai under the guidance of Dry Hitesh Chedi.

Patients with myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism can get their vision corrected at this facility to a great degree of precision. BASIC, Customized (Wave front guided), and BLADE LESS LASIK surgeries are conducted at this facility.

4. Acuvision Eye Hospital, Eye Clinic in Khari

Acuvision is another reliable and reputed center for LASIK eye surgery and other comprehensive eye care solutions. Advanced technologies, digitalized machines, and a team of expert ophthalmologists help rectify a lot of eye problems.

5. Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon

This multi-speciality hospital also has an ophthalmology center where patients suffering from myopia, hypermetropia, or astigmatism can undergo laser vision correction.

Besides this, Artemis Hospital's ophthalmology department also offers other solutions to rectify power and vision-related problems in patients such as Phaco with Multifocal IOL surgery and Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery.

6. Bombay City Eye Institute & Research Centre

A center with complete eye care facilities, Bombay City Eye Institute & Research Centre, is another trusted place to get your vision rectified with modern solutions and surgical treatments.

Diagnostic machines like Oculyzer II (known as Pentacam- HR) and Topolyzer Vario are used for analyzing the eye. The department performs refractive corrections and surgeries like bladeless LASIK, PRK (photorefractive eye surgery), ICL (implantable contact lens), CLE (Clear lens extraction) with Trifocal IOL (Trifocal intraocular lenses), and even facilitates advanced Contoura Vision (USFDA (United States Food and Drugs Administration) approved eye laser for specs removal).

7. Maxivision Super Speciality Eye Hospital

With 25 years of experience, Maxvision Eye Hospital offers a range of fixes for refractive eye errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) such as LASIK/PRK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis /Photorefractive keratectomy), Custom LASIK, ICL (implantable Collamer lens), SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction), and Presbyopic Laser treatments.

So, now that you are aware of which hospitals can help you the best possible way, choose your hospital wisely. Lasik eye surgery should not be attempted as soon as you get your lenses.

If there is something else that you would want to add, please drop your comments in the box below.

[drruchikaarora]

LASIK EYE SURGERY WHAT IS IT AND HOW DOES IT WORK

If you're fed up of wearing either glasses or contact lenses or find it inconvenient to have change between both or both, then LASIK (Laser-Assisted with In-Situ Keratomileusis) surgical procedure for your eyes could be exactly what you require. This is a sort of refractive surgery that seeks to treat far-sightedness, near-sightedness, and astigmatism, and it's become one of the most requested surgical procedures around the globe.

If you're considering Laser Lasik Treatment in Thane You may want to talk with an Eye Specialist Doctor from Thane as well as Dr. Ruchika Kedia , who will explain the procedure, and determine if it's suitable for your eyes.

What is LASIK Eye Surgery?

(Lasik Laser Treatment in Thane)

LASIK eye surgery involves reshaping the cornea, which is the transparent front of the eye, so that light enters the eye and is focused on the retina at the side in the back of your eye. It is accomplished by specific lasers that strips tiny portions of corneal tissue, thereby changing the shape of the cornea.

The procedure will begin. Your doctor will utilize a computer to produce a precise plan of your cornea. They will determine the exact amount of corneal tissue that needs to be removed to achieve the desired correction. They will then use an instrument that is called a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser to make a small and hinged flap over the cornea's surface. The flap then is removed to expose the corneal tissues, and then the laser can be used to shape it.

When the cornea has been reshaped, the flap is moved and then left to heal itself naturally. Because the cornea is capable of healing on its own so there's usually no need for stitches or bandages.

What's the Process? LASIK Eye Surgery Work?

LASIK eye surgery is performed by altering the shape of the cornea to correct refractive error. Refractive issues occur when the design of the eye blocks the light from focusing properly onto the retina. This can lead to blurred or discolored vision.

(Eye specialist physician in Thane)

If you suffer from near-sightedness or myopia the cornea can be high or the eye isn't long enough, leading light to be focused ahead of the retina instead of it. LASIK eye surgery can correct this by flattening the cornea.

In farsightedness or hyperopia, the cornea may be too smooth or the cornea is too narrow, causing light to focus on the retina rather than upon the retina. LASIK eye surgery can rectify this by making your cornea steeper.

The cornea in astigmatism is shaped in an odd way, leading to distortion of vision across all distances. LASIK eye surgery may correct this problem by smoothing the imperfections in the cornea.

Eye surgery with LASIK is a secure and efficient option to increase your eye's vision and lessen your dependency on contact lenses or glasses. However, it is important to speak with an experienced eye specialist doctor in Thane for instance, Dr Ruchika Kedia in order to establish whether LASIK is right for you. You should also discuss the possible benefits and risks of the procedure.

If you are looking for Lasik Laser Treatment located in Thane In Thane, be sure that you pick a trusted eye surgery clinic that has a track record of success in performing the LASIK eye procedure.

Dr Ruchika Eye Clinic in Thane is a cutting-edge eye health facility that can provide various modern treatments for your eyes. When you're looking for a simple eye examination or a more sophisticated LASIK eye procedure, Dr Ruchika Eye Clinic in Thane is able to provide the attention you require in a welcoming and relaxing atmosphere. This clinic is committed in providing individual care and establishing long-lasting relationships with patients, making it an excellent choice for your eye health in Thane.

Dr. Ruchika Kedia is an specialist Eye Specialist doctor from Thane. She is famous for her experience in the treatment of a variety of eye disorders such as Retina, Cataract, Glaucoma, and LASIK Laser Treatment.

A top Cataract Surgeon in Thane, Dr. Ruchika Kedia who is an experienced Ophthalmologist located in Thane has a passion for offering excellent care to her patients. Cataracts can result in blurred vision and sensitivity to light as well as various other eye problems but with the help of Dr. Ruchika Kedia's expertise in Cataract Surgery in Thane, patients can get effective treatment that will remove the lens cloud and restore good vision.

Dr. Ruchika Kedia is a Glaucoma specialist doctor in Thane, providing personalized care for patients suffering from Glaucoma. The early detection and treatment for Glaucoma can be crucial to preventing visual loss. Find Glaucoma treatment in Thane by Dr. Ruchika Kedia to ensure the best possible care for your eyes.

Additionally, she is a Retina Specialist in Thane which employs cutting-edge technology and methods of treatment to achieve the most effective results for her patients.

Dr. Ruchika Kedia is a respected eye surgeon who specializes in LASIK surgery in Thane recognized by her patient-focused philosophy and creating a relaxed and relaxing atmosphere for her patients.

Overall, if you are looking for a highly skilled and experienced Ophthalmologist located in Thane the Dr. Ruchika Kedia is an ideal option.

[mantracarehospital]

How Lasik Eye Surgery Works, And What To Expect After The Procedure?

Are you considering Lasik eye surgery? It's a procedure that can help improve your vision, but there is a lot to learn and understand beforehand. In this article, we'll explain how the procedure works and what you should expect when it comes to recovery time and possible side effects. Read on for all the information you need to know about Lasik eye surgery!

What is Lasik Eye Surgery?

Lasik eye surgery is a type of refractive surgery that is used to correct vision problems. The surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist, and it involves using a laser to reshape the cornea.

How Does it Work?

Lasik eye surgery is a type of refractive surgery that is used to correct vision in patients who are nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism. The procedure involves using a laser to create a flap in the cornea and then reshaping the cornea with the laser. After the surgery, patients will need to wear contact lenses or glasses for protection while their eyes heal. Most people will see an improvement in their vision within a few days after the surgery, but it may take up to six months for the full effects of the surgery to be realized.

Benefits and Risks of the Procedure

Lasik surgery is an increasingly popular way to improve vision, but it's important to understand the benefits and risks before undergoing the procedure. Lasik can correct a wide variety of vision problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. The surgery is relatively quick and painless, and most people achieve significantly improved vision after just one treatment.

There are some risks associated with Lasik surgery, as with any surgical procedure. These include infection, dry eye syndrome correction of vision that is not perfect, and under- or over-correction of vision. In very rare cases, Lasik surgery can lead to serious complications such as permanent vision loss or blindness.

Overall, however, Lasik surgery is safe and effective for most people. If you are considering Lasik surgery, be sure to talk to your doctor about the potential benefits and risks.

What to Expect Before and After the Surgery?

Prior to Lasik surgery, your doctor will conduct a thorough examination of your eyes to ensure that you are a good candidate for the procedure. This will include a measurement of the thickness of your cornea, as well as a test to determine the health of your eye.

After your doctor has determined that you are a good candidate for Lasik surgery, they will schedule a time for you to come in for the procedure. During the surgery, a laser will be used to create an incision in your cornea. After the incision has been made, the doctor will then use another laser to reshape your cornea.

After the surgery is complete, you can expect your vision to improve immediately. However, it is important to note that it may take several weeks or even months for your vision to fully heal. During this time, you may experience some side effects such as dry eyes, light sensitivity, and glare. However, these side effects are typically temporary and will eventually go away on their own.

Conclusion

Lasik eye surgery is an incredibly effective way to improve vision and reduce the need for glasses or contact lenses. The procedure has been proven safe, with minimal risks and a high success rate. It's important to ask questions and understand what the potential side effects may be before going through with the surgery. Following post-operative instructions carefully can help ensure that you get optimal results from your Lasik eye surgery.

[amvision]

What Eye Conditions do we face and How the Best Eye Surgeons in Delhi Treats Them?

Best Eye Surgeon in Delhi

Who is an Ophthalmologist?

The medical discipline of ophthalmology deals with eye conditions and injuries. The Doctors specializing in this field are called Ophthalmologist.

As per the National Eye Institute, Several eye conditions can cause pain, trauma, discomfort, eye pain and other issues.

There are many excellent eye surgeons in Delhi and the surrounding areas. Consult a local doctor for advice on which surgeon is best for you.

Various Eye Conditions and Surgical Requirements - at a glance

The eye is one of the most sensitive and important organs in the body. It serves as both a window to the world and an organ of sight. A variety of conditions can affect your eyes, causing pain, vision problems or even more serious health issues. If you're experiencing any pain, difficulty seeing or problems with your eyesight, it's important to seek professional help as soon as possible. Here are few reasons to visit AMVision Eye and Child Care centre in Delhi:

-The AMVision Eye Care Centre, Laxmi nagar is one of the best eye surgeons in Delhi.

-The doctors have years of experience and are very knowledgeable about ophthalmology.

-They also offer a wide range of services such as cataract surgery, glaucoma treatment and refractive surgery.

Lets us understand what happens ahead...

Lasik Eye Surgery

Why is LASIK Surgery deployed?

LASIK is a safe and effective surgery for correcting nearsightedness and farsightedness. It uses a laser to reshape the cornea so that people can see better with no glasses or contact lenses.

Who Is a Good Candidate for LASIK Surgery?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the best candidate for LASIK surgery will vary depending on individual factors such as eye health and vision history. However, some of the most common reasons why people may choose to have LASIK surgery are because they suffer from nearsightedness or farsightedness (a condition in which a person can see things close but not distant), or due to concerns about their ability to wear contact lenses long term. If you think that you might be a good candidate for LASIK surgery, it's important

What to Expect With LASIK Surgery

There are many factors that should be considered before undergoing LASIK surgery, such as your age and eye health. However, some of the most important things to know about LASIK include:

How well does the LASIK procedure work?

About 95% of patients who have undergone Lasik report excellent visual results. These individuals generally see a significant improvement in their vision, with reduced or eliminated nearsightedness and farsightedness. Some people experience minor post-operative complications related to dry eyes or glare but these are typically mild and temporary. Many patients also say that

Cataract Surgery or Cataract Treatment

It is a surgical procedure that restores vision by removing the cataract lens from your eye. There are many excellent ophthalmologists in Delhi who can treat cataracts and provide you with stunning restored vision. Here is a list of some of the best eye surgeons in Delhi:

Dr Chirag Mittal – One of India’s most renowned ophthalmologists, has treated thousands of patients over his near 20-year career. He is well-known for his skillful cataract surgery and provides superb results to all his patients.

What are cataracts?

A cataract is a cloudy lens. The lens is positioned behind the colored part of your eye (iris). The lens focuses light that passes into your eye, producing clear, sharp images on the retina — the light-sensitive membrane in the eye that functions like the film in a camera.

As you age, the lenses in your eyes become less flexible, less transparent and thicker. Age-related and other medical conditions cause proteins and fibers within the lenses to break down and clump together, clouding the lenses.

As the cataract continues to develop, the clouding becomes denser. A cataract scatters and blocks the light as it passes through the lens, preventing a sharply defined image from reaching your retina. As a result, your vision becomes blurred.

Cataracts generally develop in both eyes, but not always at the same rate. The cataract in one eye may be more advanced than the other, causing a difference in vision between eyes.

It is generally advised to use eye drops to lubricate your eyes. Please discuss with your eye specialist about which drops to use and how frequently.

What are the types of cataracts?

There are different types of cataracts, which can affect any part of the eye. They can be congenital (present from birth), acquired (caused by an injury or disease), or result from age-related changes in the lens.

Cataract types include:

Cataracts affecting the center of the lens (nuclear cataracts). A nuclear cataract may at first cause more nearsightedness or even a temporary improvement in your reading vision. But with time, the lens gradually turns more densely yellow and further clouds your vision.

As the cataract slowly progresses, the lens may even turn brown. Advanced yellowing or browning of the lens can lead to difficulty distinguishing between shades of color.

Cataracts that affect the edges of the lens (cortical cataracts). A cortical cataract begins as whitish, wedge-shaped opacities or streaks on the outer edge of the lens cortex. As it slowly progresses, the streaks extend to the center and interfere with light passing through the center of the lens.

Cataracts that affect the back of the lens (posterior subcapsular cataracts). A posterior subcapsular cataract starts as a small, opaque area that usually forms near the back of the lens, right in the path of light. A posterior subcapsular cataract often interferes with your reading vision, reduces your vision in bright light, and causes glare or halos around lights at night. These types of cataracts tend to progress faster than other types do.

Cataracts you're born with (congenital cataracts). Some people are born with cataracts or develop them during childhood. These cataracts may be genetic, or associated with an intrauterine infection or trauma.

These cataracts may also be due to certain conditions, such as myotonic dystrophy, galactosemia, neurofibromatosis type 2 or rubella. Congenital cataracts don't always affect vision, but if they do, they're usually removed soon after detection.

What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Signs and symptoms (watch out for symptoms in your family) of cataracts include:

Clouded, blurred or dim vision

Increasing difficulty with vision at night

Sensitivity to light and glare

Need for brighter light for reading and other activities

Seeing "halos" around lights

Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription

Fading or yellowing of colors

Double vision in a single eye

How can I prevent cataracts?

There is no one definitive answer, but some tips to help prevent cataracts include living a healthy lifestyle and avoiding smoking, excessive drinking, and using sunscreens that contain harmful chemicals. Additionally, getting regular eye exams is an important step in maintaining your vision health. If you are experiencing any symptoms or difficulty seeing clearly, contact your doctor for consultation on the best way to protect your eyesight.

What’s the treatment for cataracts?

There is no one-size-fits all answer to this question as the best eye surgeries for cataract correction will vary depending on the type of cataract and your specific medical needs. However, some common treatments for cataracts include laser surgery, contact lens removal, and intraocular lens implants.

Dr. Chirag Mittal at AMVision Eye Care is renowned eye specialist in Delhi, and can provide best evaluation and options for long term relief from cataracts. He can be contacted at AMVision Eye and Child Care, Delhi.

GLAUCOMA

What is Glaucoma and which is the best place to get Eye Surgery done?

There is no definitive answer to this question as glaucoma can be caused by many different factors, such as age, family history, eye health and other medical conditions. That said, some of the best eye surgeons in Delhi who specialize in treating glaucoma are likely to include specialists at AMVision Eye Care, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi amongst others.

SQUINTS

What are Squints?

A squint is a narrowing of the visual field that can be caused by an obstruction in one or both eyes. Squints (one of the most troublesome eye problems) normally go away on their own after a few weeks, but they can occasionally lead to vision problems.

Preparing for squint surgery?

If you are considering squint surgery, then it is important to find an eye surgeon who has experience and expertise in this area. There are a number of factors to consider when selecting the best eye surgeon for your particular case, including location, experience, qualifications and prices. If you are in Delhi:

Dr Chirag Mittal - Dr Mittal is a well-known ophthalmologist with years of experience in treating vision problems. He operates out of AMVision Eye and Child Care in New Delhi and offers a full range of services related to squint surgery.

What happens during squint surgery?

During squint surgery, an incision is made in the patient's skin above their eye and a small window is created. The surgeon then uses a special instrument to remove excess tissue on either side of the pupil (the black part of your eye). This allows light to enter directly into the eye, which often improves vision.

After squint surgery

After the squint surgery people may notice improvement in their vision. There are many eye surgeons available in Delhi with different experience and qualifications.

Some of the best eye surgeons in Delhi include:

- Dr Chirag Mittal, an ophthalmologist based out of Laxmi Nagar in Delhi is one of the top eye surgery specialists in India having a vast experience over more than two decades. He has performed operations for cataract, glaucoma and other eyes related problems amongst others.

Returning to normal activities after squint surgery

This can be a little challenging, but with the help of an experienced eye surgeon in Delhi, you can get back to your usual routine quickly and comfortably. Dr. Chirag Mittal and his team are some of the best eye surgeons in Delhi, who have years of experience helping patients regain their vision after surgery.

If you are considering squint surgery in Delhi, contact them for a consultation today.

CORNEA

Cornea Structure

There are a few different cornea structures that can be found in the human eye. The three most common types of corneas are endothelial, epithelial, and glaucoma.

Endothelial Cornea

Epithelial Cornea

Glaucoma

Symptoms of Cornea Problems

If you are experiencing problems with your eyesight, there is a good chance that it is the result of cornea problems. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common symptoms associated with cornea problems and their possible treatments.

When Cornea Problems Occur

Cornea problems can occur for many reasons, but they most often develop as a result of age or injury. The protective layer that covers the eye's surface – known as the corneal epithelium – may start to thin due to damage from aging or exposure to toxins and pollutants in air,

Corneal Degenerations

There are many eye surgeons in Delhi who can provide excellent services for corneal degradations. Some of the best Eye Surgeons in Delhi to consider visiting for this purpose include;

1) Dr Chirag Mittal– is a highly experienced ophthalmologist and has been performing surgeries on the eyes since 20 years. He specialises in treating conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal neovascularisation (CNV), amongst others.

Corneal Degenerations can cause permanent vision loss.

How Are Cornea Problems Diagnosed?

The cornea is a thin and clear membrane that covers the front of your eye. When something goes wrong with it, your doctor may diagnose a cornea problem by performing an eye exam and testing for vision problems.

Refractive surgery

This is the most popular ophthalmology procedure in India. Patients from all over the country travel to Delhi for refractive surgery, as surgeries here are considered of excellent quality. Some of the best eye surgeons in Delhi are:

1) Dr. Chirag Mittal

2) Dr. Sanjay Kumar Sharma

3) Dr. Sandeep Khanna

Eye muscle surgery

One of the common surgeries performed on the eye is surgery to correct muscle problems in the eye. The surgeon uses a small scalpel or laser to cut and remove part of the bulging, irregularly shaped muscles that cause vision problems.

The best surgeons in Delhi specialize in this type of surgery. They may also perform other eye surgeries, such as cataract removal and glaucoma treatment.

Questions:

Why Does My Eye Twitch?

Twitching of the eye can be due to a number of reasons, but is most often caused by muscle spasms. It may also occur as a result of nerve damage or other medical conditions.

When should my child's eyes be examined?

There is no set time schedule for eye examinations in infants and children, but they should be examined at least once a year. Children with suspected vision problems should have an examination every month until the problem is diagnosed or corrected.

It is best to have your child's eyes examined by an eye doctor at the age of one year, six months and eighteen months.

When should an adult's eyes be examined?

It is recommended that adults have an eye examination every year. If you have a family history of diabeties please do follow the examination schedule.

People Also Ask

What Is visual acuity?

Visual acuity is a measure of how well an individual can see. It is determined by the clarity of vision when looking at objects at different distances.

What are types of Contact Lenses?

There are a few types of contact lenses, including soft contact lenses, rigid contact lenses, and intraocular lens (IOL).

Where to find best Retina specialist in Delhi?

There is no definitive answer to this question as each person may have a different opinion on the best eye surgeons in Delhi. However, some of the top retina specialist hospitals that could be recommended to those looking for quality care and treatment include Apollo Hospital, Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), and AMVision Eye and Child care.

[theplumblob]

Nothing to see here, just a nerd rambling under the cut about their grandma....

Today, I was listening to my grandma complaining about her eyes hurting her. She had a surgery many years ago because that sandy bleach they used to have for the clothes washer got into her eye and she has scarring from it. She also was telling me she has the same thing I have, Anisometropia, the two eyes have a different refractive power. But hers are switched.

But anyway, I got the idea to see what my glasses looked like on her! And she was sooo cute! And then she was like, "hey these rly work!". and i was so excited because i actually have an extra pair of a similar prescription but its more focused (too focused for me so i don't wear them). And I gave them to her and now shes keeping them! I was so happy to help because her eyes have just been bothering her so much. I feel bad because she's been kind've sick lately :/ I was hoping to cheer her up a bit. I hope i did. XD

[nxrthmizu]

| how it feels | Kuroo Tetsurou

»»——⍟——««

prompt | no? just read something sad so uh, now you got to be sad with me 

pairing | Kuroo Tetsurou x Reader

words | 225

author’s note | hi I was sad so please be sad with me have some angst 

»»——⍟——««

Another anguished wail echoes off the apartment walls, and it’s as if someone’s performing a heart surgery while you are fully conscious. You hold the fragile man in your arms, stroking his back because there’s nothing more you can do to sooth his heartache. A visible streak of tears mark your sweater as Kuroo clutches the fabric of your shirt like it’s his lifeline.

“Do you know what it feels like,” Kuroo sobs in your arms, looking the most vulnerable you have ever seen. “To have your heart broken, day after day?” His tears refract the soft yellow light of your apartment, making his eyes glow even more golden than before.

You think of the forced smiles and pretentious laughter that tumbled out of your throat every time Kuroo gushed to you about his crush- The one that broke his heart. You think of your suppressed feelings, pressed under the heavy weight of your duty to your best friend like a capsized boat. You think of the nights when you washed your pillow case in a river of tears, knowing that you would never get the chance to put ‘Kuroo Tetsurou’ and ‘mine’ in the same sentence.

“Yes,” You say softly, stroking his hair as you coaxed him to let out all his sorrow before he drowned in them. “I do know how it feels.”

»»——⍟——««

taglist: @whootwhoot @owlywrites @hikari-writes @our-tall-slytherin-queen (Send an ask to be added!) 

»»——⍟——««

[kailasheyehospitalin]

Proper Eye Care And Solution of Cataracts

For many, cataracts are almost inevitable with age. Recently, in my own case, I realized that things weren't right because of the difficulty of driving at night. Reading glasses usually have nothing to do with this condition, but in my personal case it did.

A careful examination through local optician' should refer you to Best Eye Doctor In Bareilly who recommends all the available treatment or binocular surgery if required. His advice was that without such eye treatment, the condition would worsen and successful outcomes would be difficult. For surgery, the nerves are normal.

Questions like:

What would life look like if something went wrong and your eyesight deteriorated? There is no place to ask such questions regarding cataract blindness. It's a scenario if you don't do anything. Knowing that there was no risk, performing two surgeries was an easy decision.

Shortly thereafter, it was carried out at monthly intervals. The most traumatic part is getting a notification that you are about to exempt the hospital from long-term injuries such as blindness before the procedure begins.

When this type of situation is resolved, general anesthesia quickly makes the area around the eyes feel strange, due to its suppressive effect. The actual replacement of the prosthetic lens is very quick, about 20 minutes. Then enjoy tea and sandwiches before going home, armed with drops to prevent infection and keep your eyes moist. The day after the plaster was removed, the specialist of Cataract Surgery In Bareilly cleared everything and soon no longer needed reading glasses. Driving at night is no longer an issue and other benefits are immediately apparent.

What were the concerns before surgery?

If you think the eye test is only needed for those who wear glasses, you are completely wrong. It is not intended to replace contact lenses or glasses. This test is used to monitor vision. It's something people usually overlook, but anyone who cares about their vision should take it seriously.

If an eye is needed for treatment through Best Eye Surgeon In Bareilly, a vision test is required, and an eye disease test is also provided. With this visual examination, a specialist will check your general health as it can also be a sign of other illnesses related to other parts of your body.

What do a professional eye special usually check when doing an examination?

One of the things that can be diagnosed is amblyopia. Amblyopia is a condition in which one eye looks different from the other. Eye examinations can help ophthalmologists find possible treatments for this problem. Another thing to check during the eye examination is the possibility of eye refraction. That, of course, means that the eye can be either hyperopic, myopia, or astigmatism. Therefore, it is recommended that patients wear eyeglasses or contact lenses with appropriate vision correction. If you want to get proper eye treatment to fix your vision then you should go online and find the services of best Eye Doctor In Bareilly.

[rhymaes]

In House’s Head/Wilson’s Heart, both episodes are used to display the series long contrast of House’s and Wilson’s difference in terms of caring (Wilson) and logic (House) in an attempt to progress character complexity, positioning the two subject areas as direct opposites, arguing ruin when exhibited by their opposing counterpart. However, House’s Head, opposed to its logical outer claim, is ruled by caring, on House’s part, for Wilson, for Amber, for what Wilson stands to lose in losing Amber because of what House has done, because of the pre-emptive loss House fears receiving from Wilson due to his actions: “Because he’s my best friend. And I don’t want him to hate me” (Wilson’s Heart, 4x16). House’s hallucinations of Amber in both House’s Head and Wilson’s Heart both further and stray from this intended message, positing a new hypothesis: a confirmation of House’s logic being founded from his newly revealed method of caring. House’s method of caring is one that can only be exhibited inwardly, to which there is no empathetic witness but rather an apathetic shadow: a confession to his mirrored self, as reflected (and as acknowledged by him in earlier episodes) within Amber’s existence: “You can’t always get what you want” (Wilson’s Heart, 4x16). However, as the contrast between House and Wilson’s defining characteristics builds, it is Wilson who turns to the comfort of “logic” House has always preached, a reduction of sympathy into clinical terms, by then imploring House to undergo a risky medical procedure that not only stands to further the harm caused to House, who was injured within the same incident as Amber, but offers a slight potential in healing Amber: a procedure not unlike one House would have previously recommended in any other case yet unlike anything Wilson would ever have previously recommended in any regard. House’s willingness to not only undergo the surgery but to shift his value of “logic” for Wilson’s, as well as Wilson’s reduction in caring traded for clinical “logic,” proves an inherent fatality of House’s and Wilson’s own understandings of these subjects; thus, as House and Wilson “switch” roles in an attempt to subvert their character understandings to the viewer, their actualizations remain incomplete due to their inability to embody each other’s faulty understandings of caring and logic, furthering the idea that neither House nor Wilson are direct contrasts to their previously established trait but rather function as evolving refractions of one another, repositioning to what the other needs at the given time. In this essay, I will 

[drrakesheyesurgeon]

Best Cornea Surgeon In Delhi For Quality Eye Treatment

A corneal distortion/disorder or any other eye problem like low vision or spectacled vision may leave you wandering around, hunting for the best treatment from a reliable eye surgeon in Delhi. The quality of the treatment lies with the expertise and qualities of the specialist – and if you want to contemplate inexpensive options high on quality, then you indeed have to pay heed.

You may have to dig up a lot of information about the surgeons, their clinics or hospitals to affix your eyes on that one. In this mission, we can help you. Here in this blog, we have tried to help you determine what qualities you should look for in a surgeon or his/her clinic.

Not many people have time and/or patience to run a check up on the services they are going to take. Though it is admissible in exceptional cases – but you do ruminate these basic points before sticking to any best Cornea Surgeon Delhi has:-

●  The experience, expertise, and competencies speak for an eye specialist. These may be checked through the professional degrees/specialities he/she has earned during the medical practice.

●  Good, best quality treatment does not always follow expensiveness. And, yes a hefty price tag does not always guarantee quality. Having said that, we mean to drag your attention towards the money value that you have to find out by comparing the treatment cost for the services with that of the others in that area.

●  A specialist eye surgeon should have been awarded and duly honored for his/her excellent work in the field. Believe us, many doctors/specialists have their honors proudly showed up and put up right at the front to let people know that they are in trusted, safe hands.

●  The surgeon’s clinic/hospital must be equipped fully to take care of the emergency, casualties, follow-ups, diagnosis, pre-op examination, ambulance, surgical procedures, and other types of medical requirements of patients.

●  The surgeon’s clinic must meet the international hygiene standards and follow other regular medical protocols to ensure the best, safe treatment and recurrence of infections.

●  The staff must be trained, qualified, amicable enough to take care of patients’ needs right from the beginning of diagnostic procedure, until treatment and follow-ups and even after that until patient keep coming.

●  The hospital must be equipped with the right and latest types of technologies including LASIK Vision Correction, corneal transplant surgery, GDx VCC, Cataract, Refractive, Neuro Ophthalmology, Orbit/Oculoplasty, ICL implants, Diabetic Retinopathy, Squint correction, and Macular Degeneration among others.

Shreya Eye Centre is the only name synonymous to world-class eye hospital in Delhi for ultra-modern and high-quality diagnostics and therapeutics, preventive, and rehabilitative treatment solutions for ophthalmology and advanced medical care. Only trust is the term which this renowned centre has been offering to its national and international patients for over a century now.

[thegrandkinghimself]

trigger/content warning: extremely poor body image, mentioned behaviors associated with eating disorders

It's an obsession. A ritual. A religion.

Tooru is tethered to the hard of a countertop beneath his leg, the refracting light of an illusion, and the cesspool of his own thoughts.

An imitation of Tooru's very own fingers trace at his face in the mirror. He follows the curve of his cheeks, feels the warmth of blood beneath his calluses, and feels the thudding of his heart at the root of his tongue and buried in his esophagus. He pushes his hair to reveal his hairline; cups at the sharpness of his jawline after every meal; squeezes at his inner thighs in the morning and before bed. He likes the emptiness in his stomach when he wakes up but likes it even more before he goes to sleep. Every time there's a creak in the wood of the hallway floor or the murmur of wind against the house or the hum of his okaa-san's voice, a wave crashes against the edges of Tooru's consciousness, pulls him away from his image. Sounds are amplified a thousand percent as he waits for the door to open. His heart hurts from the guilt. It's a drug.

He's addicted to the flash of a phone as he flips the photo and notices the asymmetries between his eyes or the sides of his face. It's mesmerizing as his gaze flickers between the photograph and what he sees staring back at himself. He stares long enough that he can see where his nose isn't straight--curves in a deformed 'S' shape--and where the edges of his lips start and end unevenly. Tooru counts the number of moles that dot his cheeks and shoulders. He stares at himself long enough that Tooru can see the ridges of scars on his arms and legs--things he thought had long since ceased.

He's glad he doesn't have monolids, at least. And his eyelashes are nice. People say so.

On bad days, he'll stand as far back as he possibly can from his bathroom mirror and twist to see where he bulges. He prods at the spots of muscle that protrude, wishing they wouldn't. He snatches the measuring tape from the drawer downstairs, pulling the length of it as close to his body as possible. He contemplates counting calories. Tooru could do it--probably. Tooru could pull out their unused kitchen scale and weigh out all of his meals in advance. His okaa-san won't question him if he says it's for volleyball. He thinks about skin whitening products or even full-body skin lightening procedures. Cosmetic surgery is cheaper in South Korea.

Tooru will pass by a dark window on the streets or catch a glimpse of himself in a car window, and he'll stare at his waist. He wonders if it's thin enough, or if his legs are long enough, or if his nose bridge is high enough, or if--

[wisdomrays]

TAFAKKUR: Part 57

Seeing Near: A Blessing We Take for Granted

There are so many blessings in life, granted to us free of charge, which we take for granted. Eyesight, being able to see near and far distances, most certainly tops the list. But we do not have to be deprived of our sight in order to understand its wisdom and functioning, and to contemplate upon its true value and worth.

Years of research and hard work were dedicated to develop cameras and multi-featured objective lenses. Initially, one to three lens objective cameras were used for simple shots, whereas today, objectives with seven to ten lenses are being used to take better photographs from a snow drop falling onto a flower to a buzzing bee resting on a flower. I wonder to what extent human beings are aware of the pair of eyes that has been bestowed upon them by God, and its ability to see different colors and shapes both near and far. Unfortunately, as people who often understand the true value of things once they are lost, we understand the blessing of being able to see near after the age of forty when we cannot read the newspaper without glasses and when we cannot put a thread through a needle.

So why is it that we can still see far after the age of forty but fail to see near? In order to understand this we need to examine the structure of the eye and its functions.

The structure of the eye and the ability to see

The exterior part of the eye is made up of a translucent layer (cornea) at the front and a white protective layer (sclera) behind it. The vascular layer of the eye (uvea) is located in the middle of the sclera. The most inner part of the eye is made up of the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue responsible for converting light rays into electrical signals. The hole located in the center of the iris, the colored part of the eye, is called the pupil. Behind the pupil is the crystalline lens. For a clear vision, lights reflected from objects need to be focused on the central part of the retina (fovea). While cameras have lens systems to focus the image on the film, it is the cornea and crystalline lens that are responsible for the same function in the eye.

Refraction power of cornea is constant and around 43 diopters. The refraction power of the eye lens when resting is around 20 diopters. Light rays coming from outside refracts at a set ratio and manages to focus on the retina. The light rays coming at the retina are then coded into electrical signals. Afterwards these signals are routed towards related regions of the brain via optic nerves. Most of the stimuli relayed by the optical nerve arrive at the visual center of the brain (occipital cortex). These coded electrical signals then become vision when they reach the optical lobe of the brain.

The function of the lens and accommodation

The refraction power of both the cornea and the lens (43+20+63 diopters) is sufficient to focus an image on the retina when looking at objects farther than 6 meters. Extra refraction power is needed for closer distances in order to focus images on the retina. Mobile lens systems enable this job to take place in camera objectives. Since refraction power of the cornea in human eye does not change, this additional task of refraction is set to be provided by the ocular lens. It is built as a flexible structure without any blood vessels. Aqueous humor (lens fluid) which is secreted by the ciliary body is responsible for lens nourishment, removal of waste products and toning of the eye since the lens does not contain any blood vessels. This internal fluid has low oxygen concentration therefore the lens is made to derive its energy supply mostly from anaerobic metabolism.

The iris is positioned in a suitable place where it can change the shape of the internal lens behind the pupil. The lens in this special place is suspended into position via zonule of zinn ligaments attached to the eye as a ciliary body. The ciliary body contains ciliary muscles where zinn ligaments are attached. Only 0.5 mm of space exists between the lens and the ciliary body. Zinn ligaments are tight when ciliary muscles are resting and this enables a flatter configuration of the lens. Upon contraction of ciliary muscles, zinn ligaments become relaxed and the diameter of the lens decreases along with an increase in its thickness. Thicker lens becomes more globular and this increases its refractive power, thus enabling vision of the closer distances. This increase in refractive power of the lens in order to see closer objects is called “accommodation.” If the stimuli of the ciliary muscles expire, ciliary muscles then relax making zinn ligaments tighter, reducing thickness of the lens, making it flatter and therefore less refractive. This reshapes it to focus on distant objects for a clearer vision.

Accommodation mechanisms and loss of accommodation during aging

The vision blurs temporarily when one takes an immediate shift from staring at an object in the distance to another object nearby. As soon as this blurry image reaches the occipital cortex, stimuli generated here arrives first at the Edinger-Westphal nucleus via special nerve tracks and then to the ciliary muscles of the eye. In a very short time, this blurry vision is corrected and becomes clearer without us even noticing with optimal increase of refraction in the internal lens. In a time as short as 0.35 seconds, for thousands of times in a day, this mechanism is set to function in such a perfect manner to spur those thoughtful minds into reflection and wonder.

Accommodation ability is at its highest point in children and this feature of the eye decreases with age. Refractive power of the lens can increase up to 34 diopters with a 14 diopters accommodation power along with 20 diopters of resting refraction during childhood. This way, children can clearly see objects as close as 7 centimeters. Accommodation power decreases with age. It reduces to 4-8 diopters after the age of 40 and 2-3 diopters around the age of 50. It is widely accepted that refractive power disappears entirely after the age of 60.

In the advanced stages of aging, the eye lens loses its transparency, becomes cloudy as it develops cataract. Eye lens in this poor transparent stage is removed via cataract surgery, to be replaced with an artificial lens to carry out the refracting task. Unfortunately today, technology is still unable to produce an artificial lens that is capable of all the tasks that a human eye can perform. Artificial internal eye lenses that are used in surgeries today cannot carry out accommodation functions. Majority of these lenses can only focus on one point at a near or far distance. Newly developed multifocal lenses can utilize various mechanisms to see both near and far distances yet they are not in any position to replace the human lens completely.

Ocular motions when looking near and far

Thanks to ocular movements, we do not have to move our head constantly while looking around. The eye movement involving both eyes in which each eye moves in the same direction is referred to as version type movements. Another movement type is called vergence, and this is when both eyes move in opposite directions. Vergence type movements are a type of ocular motility coded in a special center part of the brain. It is called convergence because the eyes get closer to each other when looking at closer distances, and called divergence when both eyes focus on the same spot by directing away from each other. If eyes only moved in the same direction without this convergence mechanism, both eyes would not be able to focus on closer points and would not be able to develop three dimensional visions (depth perception).

In addition to accommodation and convergence, when we look closer, our pupils get smaller (Miosis). Light rays coming from outside objects get improved focus on the retina via this constriction of the pupils. This way, a clearer image is provided.

When we look closer, accommodation, convergence and miosis all happen at the same time in a synchronized manner to provide a clear vision. The details of these complicated chains of events have yet to be understood.

Conclusion

The fineness of refractive power of the eye with a single lens, accommodation ability and sensitive balances of ocular motility is only a few of the blessings of the eye granted to humankind. The ability to see near being at its peak during young ages when learning is most active is another dimension to this miracle. These wisdom-filled capacities given to the eye makes one ponder upon the importance of the eye for survival, in addition to being a reminder to those with an open mind and heart to gaze upon the natural world and contemplate upon the Almighty.

[stitch1830]

Do you think that eye surgery exists in the ATLA/LOK world? If so, would it cure Toph's blindness? What if Toph recieved the surgery? Are her eyes a mint green or an almost yellow color? What is she the most excited to see for the first time? How do her parents react to their daughter finally being able to see? ik that a lot of ppl base her character on her blindness/blind jokes, and that she wouldn't be Toph if she could see, but it's something to think about ig

Hi Anon, thank you for the ask! Interesting questions that I never really gave much thought. But now I have! :D

I would also caution those that read this because ya girl is not a science buff. Far from it. I merely have a finance degree pls have mercy. This is all just me Googling stuff and asking others their HCs and having 17 seasons of Grey's Anatomy under my belt ope. But anyway, this is my thought process and some sciency stuff that I looked up to try and give myself a clear answer...

~Sciencey Stuff~

So the removal or adjustment of cataracts (the cloudy thing that forms over eyes sometimes) has been around for centuries, and the first successful procedure was done in 1747 it looks like. More advanced eye surgeries were created around 1948, and that first one was refractive eye surgery, or "changing the curvature of the cornea." Other more complicated procedures followed.

So it is possible that basic eye correction procedures existed during ATLA/LOK, especially if we consider that LOK is based off of the 1920s era. But I would kind of be surprised if surgery existed and Lao and Poppy didn't try any of them for Toph.

The next thing to consider is what causes Toph's blindness? Cataracts or CHED (which is similar to cataracts I think; cloudy cornea, but this is likely caused by fluid buildup) would explain the cloudy eyes, but that could also be from lack of use because of optic nerve damage. Another thing to consider would be how blind Toph is. Can she see bits of light, or is she totally blind with no light perception (NLP)? My guess at first was CHED, but there's likely still some vision with it, and both CHED and cataracts can be operated on to correct. Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) is an underdevelopment of those optic nerves, and those nerves send signals to the brain to form images. With ONH, severity can range from partial blindness in one eye or NLP. ONH can also lead to other developmental defects, so Toph having ONH kind of hinges the idea that she became totally blind and is otherwise mentally and physically healthy. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can cause blindness if the baby is born premature (less than 31 weeks gestation) and blood vessels grow abnormally in the retina. This can lead to being legally blind, but seems like it starts as loss of peripheral vision. So all of this is to say I don't know which is more likely... LOL. I'm leaning toward ONH because of the likelihood of NLP and it being inoperable (maybe? I have no idea honestly). ONH or lack of use for her eyes could also cause cloudy eyes because she isn't using them.

~Some Answers~

But let's say that her blindness is caused by severe cataracts or CHED and she could get surgery to see with her eyes. I'm not sure Toph would buy into the idea of getting an operation to actually see when she's perfectly capable of navigating life without vision in her eyes. To get an operation would be to admit to everyone that being able to see with her eyes was really important to her and that her life is missing something without it. And I'm not sure she's the kind of person that would do that, whether it be to prove everyone wrong or her being her stubborn self or maybe a fear of wondering who she would be without her blindness. Perhaps her friends and family encourage her to get the operation, and maybe curiosity defeats any stubbornness she may have to say no, and she gets the surgery...

I always assumed her eyes would be green and that she would want to see her friend's and her daughters' faces first. Seeing people's faces is probably the one thing she would want to gain from being able to see, and I think having that ability would make her happy. That's probably the one thing about eye vision that she's been wondering about: faces and facial features. And I think she would be pretty shocked to see all the details for the first time (and the details of the world in general).

Her parents would probably be happy for Toph that she can see, perhaps a little upset that they couldn't find the cure (because I can imagine them trying to 'fix' their daughter to make her perfect). If Toph learned to see with her eyes, I actually think she would be rather helpless at first. She spent her whole life adjusting to how she views things through seismic sight and her other senses in general, and now she has to add eyesight to that, I think it would be overwhelming. Toph would likely lean on her friends as opposed to her family for help, and she would probably hate how useless she feels at first. She's used to seeing with her feet, but now she can see images and everything is bright and disorienting, she'd probably initially feel worse off with eyesight, perhaps even regret getting the operation.

So... kind of a lot of word vomit to get to those answers LOL. But I got a little curious when it came to the cause of Toph's blindness! I agree with you, though. Being blind is an integral part to Toph's story, and the beautiful thing about her story is that we see her helping the Gaang and being an essential piece to their group, and her blindness is what makes her stand out amongst earthbenders and benders in general! It gave her this unique way of navigating the world, and now she has an advantage over many despite the perception that "she's a blind girl, poor thing's life must be so hard." But it is interesting to think about what would happen if she could gain her eyesight and how that scene would likely play out.

And that's all I really have, hope this answers your questions! If not, feel free to ask more! Thank you again for the ask, and have a nice day!

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Send me asks about ATLA, or anything, really! :D