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littlefeather-wolf · 2 years

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Sacagawea ... short Biography (c. 1788–c. 1812)

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Sacagawea and her husband lived among the Hidatsa and Mandan Indians in the upper Missouri River area (present-day North Dakota). In November 1804, an expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark entered the area. Often called the Corps of Discovery, the Lewis and Clark Expedition planned to explore newly acquired western lands and find a route to the Pacific Ocean. The group built Fort Mandan, and elected to stay there for the winter. Sacagawea was a Shoshone interpreter best known for being the only woman on the Lewis and Clark Expedition into the American West.

Who Was Sacagawea ?

Sacagawea, the daughter of a Shoshone chief, was captured by an enemy tribe and sold to a French Canadian trapper who made her his wife around age 12. In November 1804, she was invited to join the Lewis and Clark expedition as a Shoshone interpreter. After leaving the expedition, she died at Fort Manuel in what is now Kenel, South Dakota, circa 1812.

Early Life ... Born circa 1788 (some sources say 1786 and 1787) in Lemhi County, Idaho. The daughter of a Shoshone chief, Sacagawea's name means "boat puller" or "bird woman" (if spelled as Sakakawea). She was a Shoshone interpreter best known for serving as a member of the Lewis and Clark expedition into the American West — and for being the only woman on the famous excursion. Much of Sacagawea's life is a mystery. Around the age of 12, Sacagawea was captured by Hidatsa Indians, an enemy of the Shoshones. She was then sold to a French-Canadian trapper named Toussaint Charbonneau who made her one of his wives.

Coin :

Over the years, tributes to Sacagawea and her contribution to the Corps of Discovery have come in many forms, such as statues and place-names. She was even featured on a dollar coin issued in 2000 by the U.S. Mint, although it hasn't been widely available to the general public due to its low demand. Covered in brass, the Sacagawea coin (aka the "golden dollar") was made to replace the Susan B. Anthony dollar. Sacagawea, her husband, and her son remained with the expedition on the return trip east until they reached the Mandan villages. During the journey, Clark had become fond of her son Jean Baptiste, nicknaming him "Pomp" or "Pompey." Clark even offered to help him get an education ... Sacagawea left the expedition, the details of her life become more elusive. In 1809, it is believed that she and her husband — or just her husband, according to some accounts — traveled with their son to St. Louis to see Clark. Pomp was left in Clark's care. Sacagawea gave birth to her second child, a daughter named Lisette, three years later ... Only a few months after her daughter's arrival, she reportedly died at Fort Manuel in what is now Kenel, South Dakota, around 1812. (There were stories that it was another wife of Charbonneau who died at Fort Manuel, but historians don't give much credence to this.) After Sacagawea's death, Clark looked after her two children, and ultimately took custody of them both., let’s get out those tools for scraping off those layers of cultural whitewash and mansplainery, and see a little bit more of what’s really going on in this story.Now, those aren’t bad reasons for telling stories… except that in the case of Sacagawea, they aren’t the whole truth. And the parts of the truth that they are hiding are really, really important parts of the story. And there is also a story underneath that is not being told.December 22, 1812

In August 1812, after giving birth to a daughter, Lisette (or Lizette), Sacagawea's health declined. By December, she was extremely ill with “putrid fever” (possibly typhoid fever). She died at 25, on December 22, 1812, in lonely, cold Fort Manuel on a bluff 70 miles south of present-day Bismarck ...

#native american #Sacagawea #littlefeather wolf

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fishrpg · 13 days

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2024-04-12: River Denizens (Random Tables)

The Mississippi River has a few distinctive types of boats in this era that you may not be aware of: gambling boats and shantyboats.

Gambling Boats

Gambling boats tended to be larger crafts that could accommodate many people and functioned as casinos. Laws in the area allowed gambling and casinos so long as it wasn't on Mississippi soil, but attentive entrepreneurs took advantage of the phrasing to create a culture boat-based casinos. Many casino boats were old paddle steamers. Some traveled up and down the river, spending days or weeks in one place; others were effectively permanently moored to the riverbed and never moved.

Names for Riverboat Casinos (1d20)

Lucky Draw

King David

Mississippi Diamond

Jewel of the River

Moonlight

Mighty Mississippi

The Fish House

Black Bear's Den

Gold and Cotton

Dixie Belle

Delta Star

The Regal

River Chariot

Liberty Jack's

Magnolia Blossom

New Orleans Entertainer

Yellow Dog

El Paradiso

Chicago Pinnacle

Star of the South

Shantyboats

Shantyboats are houseboats, often amateur-made, that people use as permanent homes on the river. Although some people lived in shantyboats for the freedom it offered, most lived in them out of necessity. The Great Depression was the peak era for shantyboats, where thousands of people took to the rivers that fed into the Mississippi in search of better jobs.

Most shantyboats had an outboard motor that could navigate against the currents, but were incapable of doing anything but floating downstream. Like the gambling boats, some shantyboats stayed in a location for a short time, while others were moored in a single place for an extended period of time. Some shantyboats (either whole or in pieces) even became permanent houses on land.

If you need a quick description of a shantyboat, roll a complete set of 7 polyhedral dice and consult the tables below:

Number of Rooms (1d4)

Single room

Two rooms

Three rooms

Four rooms

General Appearance (1d6)

Amateur work that is probably not fit for long term human habitation

Shows obvious signs of patching with mismatched materials

Definitely in need of repair, but most issues are relatively minor

Weather-beaten, but still sturdy

Well-loved and well-maintained

Freshly-built or close to it

Notable Features (1d8)

Porches on both the bow and stern

Windows with shutters that work

A loft area

Quality furniture

High ceilings (for a boat, at least)

Sturdy door

Spacious interior

Relatively abundant storage space

Construction Style (d10)

Assembled from bare scrap lumber with a tin roof

Painted wood siding with asphalt shingles

Whitewashed wood with a rounded asphalt roof

Flat tin roof atop stacked logs

Corrugated tin siding with a matching tin roof

Unpainted lumber walls with a rounded tin roof

The level of quality on the joinery seems like it was mass-produced

Slightly pitched asphalt shingle roof with plywood siding

Plywood walls with a flat asphalt roof

Timber frame whose walls are partially clad in plywood and the remaining walls are covered by corrugated tin.

Where The Inhabitants Were Coming From (d00)

Ohio

Tennessee

Kentucky

Missouri

Illinois

Louisiana

Wisconsin

Minnesota

Iowa

Mississippi, south of the Delta (like Natchez or Vicksburg)

Inhabitant Hook (1d12)

The inhabitants are trying to relocate the boat, but having trouble.

Property owners are trying to stop the boat inhabitants from squatting on their land.

A shantyboat is hiding a cache of liquor that is expected for delivery somewhere else along the river.

One of the inhabitants has fallen gravely ill.

A skiff that belongs to the inhabitants of the house has been lost or stolen.

Newly arrived to the area, the inhabitants are looking for work but are short on money.

Someone is pursuing the inhabitants of the shantyboat, forcing them to move often.

There's a huge creature in the river that would be worth a small fortune at the market, and the inhabitants want to catch it.

The shantyboat is drydocked for repairs on the hull, but needed materials are scarce.

Livestock or a pet owned by the inhabitants has gone missing.

Someone aboard the shantyboat has come into possession of a sudden windfall and is trying to figure out what to do with it.

The shantyboat has been recently burglarized and vandalized by someone.

Family Name of Inhabitants (1d20)

Howell

Johnson

Hayes

Sawyer

Roberts

McGinty

Burns

Porter

Walton

O'Neil

Griffin

Avery

Collins

Kent

Nichols

Long

Teach

Godwin

Mackey

Greenblatt

#hexplore24 #fishdavidson #dungeons and dragons #hexcrawl #5e #random tables

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eriegaynews · 1 month

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ICYMI: A Missouri Lawmaker Wants to Criminalize Teachers Who Support Their Trans Students. The Lawmaker's Own Brother Says 'It's Just Whitewash for Hatred' http://dlvr.it/T4DNB2

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brookstonalmanac · 2 months

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Events 3.1 (before 1930)

#Events

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thelikesoffinn · 4 months

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As someone who's into all sorts of archaeology and what not, I noticed that the Internet keeps introducing me to a very special kind of people.

Imagine this: Some article reposted somewhere. The title is something like "A team of artists and archaeologists came together to create drawings of roman patricians - here's what they look like"

The comments are mostly tame - a lot of "omfg how amazing!" and "wow they look exactly like their busts!"

But then there he is. The obligatory "Uhm, well actually..."

The welll actually is always followed by "...they were tan and not so whitewashed." or "...it's pretty racists to just assume that they were all white, there were so many races in the roman empire."

(Of course, the entire comment section then decides that the well-actually guy is the worst because he obviously doesn't know shit and they will let him know that his netflix theories are not welcome in this group.)

But what I find the most fascinating is that the well-actually guy is rarely part of the mentioned group. He's not an ancient roman. (Duh.) He's not Italian. He's not even black or brown (or asian for that matter).

No it's always some white dude named Jeff from fucking Missouri that got his business degree at Mizzou and never left his home state even once and hence has never been to Europe or any other place and you're just sitting there like: Dude what the fuck. What gripe do you have with this? Did you just wake up and decide to get offended for other people because not all people in the European area fit your mental caricature?

Antonio Mazzeo, Amalthea Oikonomou as well as Chidozie Abdullahi are literally eating you alive for being an idiot and we all knew they would, so why? Why are you here?

Just go home, Jeff.

#go home jeff

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cyarskj1899 · 6 months

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“Can Ron DeSantis explain how being enslaved was beneficial to Celia?

In 1850, a fourteen-year-old girl in Missouri named Celia was purchased by enslaver, Robert Newsom.

Over the course of five years, he repeatedly raped her.

On June 23, 1855 while pregnant with her second child, Celia defended herself against more abuse, resulting in the death of her enslaver and rapist.

During Celia’s trial, Newsom’s grandson William Powell testified.

Powell testified that Celia had complained that Newsom repeatedly demanded sex and that she had approached other Newsom family members in a vain attempt to stop the rapes. Powell also admitted that Celia told him that her attack on Newsom came from desperation and that she only intended to injure, not kill.

Celia was found guilty.

An appeal was filed.

The Missouri Supreme Court ultimately ruled against her appeal.

On December 21, 1855 at 2:30 P.M., the state of Missouri murdered Celia on the gallows.

Are we going to teach children this history?

Or are we going to continue to whitewash history because it makes some people uncomfortable?”

- Cales McGinnis

Desatan you will face the wrath of the ancestors and that’s a promise

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homegrown-kc · 6 months

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#homegrownkcadventure: The Folly

Went to the Heartland Book Festival last Friday, had the chance to meet Jermain Fowler and listen to speak.

check out his new book The Humanity Archive: Recovering the Soul of Black History from a Whitewashed American Myth.

Also met some cool folks from the Kansas City Public Library and Missouri Valley Special Collection.

Homegrown KC is a podcast dedicated to exploring Kansas City's fascinating history and sharing stories from its rich past. It is available wherever podcasts can be found including but not limited to Audible, Amazon Music, Google Music, Pandora, Spotify, and Apple Podcasts.

To become a patron supporter subscribe to redcircle.com/homegrownkc or patreon.com/homegrownkc. Subscribers get access to exclusive bonus episodes featuring other local historians, archivits, and museum professionals. They also receive an item from the merchandise store valued at 5$ or less, and a shout out on every episode and social media post. Or you can give a one time donation at redcircle.com/homegrownkc or Ko-fi.com/homegrownkc. All donors will receive a shout out. And 1% of all Ko-Fi donations will go to fight climate change.

To see what merchandise is available, go to zazzle.com/store/homegrown_kc_store.

For more information on each topic, visit my website: homegrownkc.wordpress.com. and sign up for my monthly newsletter on my website as well.

Like, follow, and subscribe to the show on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, Tumblr, and Youtube.

Rate and Review the show where you listen, especially on Apple Podcasts.

Thank you Bjorn and Joan for your support. Thanks also goes to Sarah McCombs for the creation of my logo; the Dear Misses for use of their song Kansas City, as the intro and outer music of the show; to local libraries; and to all my wonderful listeners.

Cheers!

#homegrownkc #communityhistory #stateandlocalhistory #kchistory #kcproud #historypodcast #podcastersofinstagram #heartlandbookfestival #thefollytheatre #thehumanityarchive

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brianbritigan · 11 months

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Happy to say that “The Whitewashing of Missouri” has been selected for this year’s International Motion Art Awards from AI-AP — many thanks to director Mark Heflin & all the jury members!

“Created in partnership with Detour and the Missouri School of Journalism, this animated documentary short tells the story of Pierce City, Missouri, and the racial violence that drove many Black families from the area during the early 1900s. Decades after her ancestors fled the city, Rochelle Fritsch discovered the ugly history that displaced an entire generation of her family and returned to the town to honor their memory.”

youtube

#the whitewashing of missouri #ai-ap #american illustration #american photography #international motion art awards #animation #animated documentary #documentary short #documentary #illustration #Youtube

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tigermike · 9 months

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Can Ron DeSantis explain how being enslaved was beneficial to Celia?

In 1850, a fourteen-year-old girl in Missouri named Celia was purchased by enslaver, Robert Newsom.

Over the course of five years, he repeatedly raped her.

On June 23, 1855 while pregnant with her second child, Celia defended herself against more abuse, resulting in the death of her enslaver and rapist.

During Celia’s trial, Newsom’s grandson William Powell testified.

Celia was found guilty.

An appeal was filed.

The Missouri Supreme Court ultimately ruled against her appeal.

On December 21, 1855 at 2:30 P.M., the state of Missouri murdered Celia on the gallows.

Are we going to teach children this history?

Or are we going to continue to whitewash history because it makes some people uncomfortable?

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frogsbejumpingincalaveras · 1 year

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Hey There, Reader

This week, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is the topic of discussion. This "boy book" from 1876, so far as I've gathered, really captures the type of fiction Mark Twain would write throughout his life. Not necessarily adventurous and episodic childhood adventures, but rather a microcosm of American life told through an amalgamation of Southern earnestness and innocence, with a rather biting, if sometimes a little on-the-nose satire of the contemporary. A smart-ass' reminiscing, if I may. While certainly a product of it's time, mostly through dodgy language use and a less than stellar view of societies downtrodden, I can see why this book has remained in print since it's inception and why it's considered an American classic.

That phrase, "American classic" is an interesting one. In the realm of boyhood, what would be considered classically American? Certainly the importance placed on hard-work and Christian morality so prevalent in this book, but one thing that I think ties it all together is the concept of the "naughty child" and what it means for someone to grow up in a world that places importance on being a little 'naughty' in youth. The book itself, like I mentioned above, is less of a straightforward adventure, and more a series of loosely connected days during the life of a young Tom Sawyer. Each of the chapters treats these days as though there are important facets of what it means to be a child, and that treatment is meant as an echo of what real children should be doing or learning. What I mean is that the childhood that is being experienced is written more as a set-up for traits that are expected of adults. The now infamous fence painting scene is a good first example. Tom is meant to be painting this fence as a punishment, but using his ingenuity, convinces the neighborhood kids to take over for him by implying the work is more fun than something else, like swimming in the local pool. But not just allowing them to paint the fence, he must receive something to allow them the privilege of the work, earning him a series of trinkets.

"Tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face, but alacrity in his heart. And while the late steamer Big Missouri worked and sweated in the sun, the retired artist sat on a barrel in the shade close by, dangled his legs, munched his apple, and planned the slaughter of more innocents. … And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poor poverty-stricken boy in the morning, Tom was literally rolling in wealth. … He had a nice, good, idle time all the while--plenty of company--and the fence had three coats of whitewash on it! If he hadn't run out of whitewash, he would have bankrupted every boy in the village." (13)

Delegation, entrepreneurship, a classic grift, all things that serve this 'American' mindset when it comes to menial work. It could also easily be compared to capitalism by saying that the wealth gathered by Tom off of the back of the work of others is the most American thing he could do. However, I would not besmirch honest business acumen from a child, especially if the others weren't quick to realize the were being had. He pulled a fast one and got away with it, that's a fine use of the 'naughtiness' Twain believed would help boys later in life.

There is however another example, that again is supposed to act as an introduction to the way these boys should behave when they grow up that I think carries a hardier reason as to why this type of rearing is more problematic than it is worth. Late in the novel, Tom, along with his childhood crush Becky, explore a cave and due to a lack of forward thought, leave no markings to help them back out. They get lost, for three days in fact, which would be and is a tiring expedition for kids aged 9-12 (it's never made clear). And when it all becomes to much for Becky, Tom's reaction is as follows,

"She sank to the ground and burst into such a frenzy of crying that Tom was appalled with the idea that she might die, or lose her reason." (187)

This sense of dismay for Becky's reaction, mirrors a commonly held believe of the emotionality of woman that Twain's contemporary held. This 'naughtiness' of exploring a cave and becoming lost leads to a dismissal of the real fright Becky feels. Tom, who also fears for them but bottles his emotion, would rather not have Becky crumple under the weight of the situation, just as the echoed sentiment of adulthood states that the feelings of women are less valued. It is entirely possible that these children could die lost in this cave, but Tom is negligible to that reality, and this idea is treated as the right line of thinking. Tom's dismissal of girls and women is felt throughout the book, with his refusal to listen to his Aunt Polly and her warnings, even if she always gives way to his wants, or again with Becky when she is frightened to receive punishment for ripping a schoolbook, and Tom insists that 'lickings', or beatings, are no big deal. It makes you question what values should be considered 'American' within these classics, and the vigorousness of the 'naughty child' motif.

-SM

#Mark Twain #The Adventures of Tom Sawyer #American

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av-books · 1 year

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"Tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face, but alacrity in his heart. And while the late steamer Big Missouri worked and sweated in the sun, the retired artist sat on a barrel in the shade (...) boys happened along every little while; they came to jeer, but remained to whitewash. (...) Tom had traded the next chance to Billy Fisher for a kite, (...) Johnny Miller bought in for a dead rat (...) and so on, and so on, hour after hour. (...) Tom was literally rolling in wealth."

Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1884)

Full Length Audiobook up now on our YouTube channel

#tom sawyer #booknerd #book quotes #books & libraries #quotes #literature #reading #bookish #sawyer #ebook #writing

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msclaritea · 1 year

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FILMS FINANCED BY STEVEN MNUCHIN WERE TAILORED TO APPEAL TO CHINA

Trump administration officials often criticize Hollywood for appeasing Chinese censors, but the treasury secretary’s voice is conspicuously absent.

Mara Hvistendahl

September 22 2020

TRUMP ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS love to call out liberal Hollywood’s fraught relationship to China. In July, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo railed against censorship driven by China in a dark speech at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. “Hollywood, not too far from here — the epicenter of American creative freedom, and self-appointed arbiters of social justice — self-censors even the most mildly unfavorable reference to China,” Pompeo said. That same month, Attorney General Bill Barr lanced Hollywood for “kowtowing” to the Chinese Communist Party. Barr singled out Disney for scrutiny; the company is now in the hot seat for shooting parts of the live-action remake “Mulan” in northwest China, where over 1 million members of the Uyghur minority group have been detained in camps. Even Donald Trump Jr. has weighed in on the topic, tweeting last year about the removal of the Taiwanese flag from a leather jacket worn by Tom Cruise in the trailer for “Top Gun: Maverick.”

On September 9, as the controversy over “Mulan” intensified, Trump cheerleader Josh Hawley, the junior senator from Missouri, sent a letter to Disney CEO Bob Chapek lambasting him for “Disney’s whitewashing of the ongoing Uighur genocide” and asking him to pull “Mulan” from the streaming service Disney+.

But one prominent Trump administration official has stayed silent: Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. That may be because in his previous role as an investment banker and Hollywood producer, Mnuchin financed several films that altered content or pandered to Chinese government narratives with the apparent aim of breaking into the Chinese market. Mnuchin was also involved in a number of Hollywood-Chinese co-productions, which involve Chinese government regulators from start to finish.

Mnuchin financed several films that altered content or pandered to Chinese government narratives.

For executives in Hollywood, as in the NBA, the allure of the Chinese market outweighs ideals of free speech and artistic freedom. Over the past few decades, standards of living have increased dramatically for the country’s 1.4 billion potential ticket-buyers, leaving many with disposable income to spend at the box office. Following a construction boom that yielded cineplexes throughout China, Chinese box offices grossed $9.3 billion in 2019, close to the $11.3 billion pulled in by U.S. box offices, according to the Asia-focused film consultancy Artisan Gateway.

The sheer size of the Chinese market leads studios to directly consult Chinese government propagandists, cut unpalatable scenes, and even structure entire productions around unwritten censorship restrictions. “It’s pretty accepted practice that people are having conversations in the halls of power in Los Angeles about what can and cannot be put into a film, based on its potential release in China,” said Jonathan Landreth, a former Beijing-based correspondent for the Hollywood Reporter.

Take “Gravity,” the 2013 blockbuster financed in part by Dune Entertainment, the production company that Mnuchin founded in 2005. (The year of the film’s release, Dune merged with RatPac Entertainment to form RatPac-Dune. Mnuchin divested from the company in 2017.) Sandra Bullock plays Ryan Stone, a stranded astronaut whose fellow crew members have all died. Stone’s own prospects look bleak — until, from a failing spacecraft, she spots the Chinese space station that marks her salvation.

“You’re losing altitude, Tiangong,” Stone says in the film’s climax. “You keep dropping, and you’re going to kiss the atmosphere. But not without me — because you’re my last ride.” The astronaut ejects herself and improbably uses a fire extinguisher to propel toward the Chinese space station. Once on board, she enters the Shenzhou spacecraft, undocking it from the Tiangong just before the station enters the Earth’s upper atmosphere. The Shenzhou lands in a lake. Saved by Chinese technology, Stone swims to safety.

Director Alfonso Cuarón told China Daily that the plotline was driven not by marketing concerns but by the small number of countries that had active space programs. “We had to base it upon elements in space at the time,” he said.

“That may very well be true,” said Aynne Kokas, an associate professor of media studies at the University of Virginia and the author of “Hollywood Made in China.” But she notes that the notion of China as a benevolent space power is a narrative that resonates with the Chinese Communist Party.

Left/Top: TV grab taken on Nov. 2, 2011, shows the docking of the Tiangong-1 space lab module in space. Right/Bottom: A still scene from the film “Gravity” depicting the Tiangong-1 space lab.Photo: Imaginechina/AP; Warner Bros/Everett Collection.

While China did have a space module called the Tiangong-1 in orbit when “Gravity” was made, it was fairly basic, unlike the sophisticated space station shown in the film. A 2015 report by the U.S. Congress’s U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission singled out the production for incorporating Chinese soft power narratives. “Gravity” grossed over $70 million in China, about 10 percent of what it took in worldwide.

“Portraying China as a leader in scientific endeavors is obviously something that is consistent with the CCP’s vision of itself as becoming ever more influential and powerful as a global leader,” said James Tager, deputy director of free expression research and policy for PEN America and the author of a recent report on Hollywood and censorship. The report cites “Gravity” as one of several recent films to “predicate their happy endings on Chinese forces coming to the rescue.”

Ascendant Chinese technology also figures in the 2010 Mnuchin-funded drama “Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps,” also known as “Wall Street 2.” The film features a cameo by Chinese mogul Zhang Xin, co-founder and CEO of the SOHO China property empire. Zhang plays one of several wealthy Chinese investors who are pitched by a Wall Street firm on an investment in a thin-film solar panel company. Zhang’s character watches as her colleague dismisses the idea, explaining how the Chinese solar market has exploded and suggesting that companies there are ahead of their U.S. competitors. (In reality, while China’s renewables industry boasts some homegrown achievements, it has also advanced through industrial espionage and strategic acquisitions of U.S. companies.)

Such cameos can help Hollywood studios appeal to broader global audiences — a worthy goal in an industry known for whitewashing — but they can also curry favor with Chinese regulators. At the time of the release of “Wall Street 2,” the Chinese government imposed a quota on the number of foreign films that could be released in China. Typically only Hollywood blockbusters were allowed in, but “Wall Street 2” was given a slot, despite being a slow-paced drama.

One 2012 film co-financed by Dune openly censored content. “The Life of Pi” tweaked a line about religion to appease Chinese censors, as director Ang Lee told the New York Times. But editing out offensive dialogue after the fact is clunky and expensive. Increasingly, as the Chinese market is flooded with sophisticated domestic films, Hollywood studios enter into co-productions with Chinese companies in which censorship is streamlined throughout the process. “In co-productions, there is oversight from development all the way through release, so Chinese regulators get final cut approval,” said Kokas.

One such film is “Wonder Woman,” a RatPac-Dune production on which Mnuchin is listed as executive producer. On the Chinese side, “Wonder Woman” counted among its financiers the tech giant Tencent (now the target of a recent Trump executive order, which would ban the super app WeChat).

“This should be an issue that is viewed not through the U.S.-China rivalry, but through the lens of defending artistic freedom from government pressure anywhere.”

Within the Trump administration, Mnuchin is known as soft on China and a counterweight to hawks like trade adviser Peter Navarro. But as the administration has struck an adversarial tone, Mnuchin has followed suit. He was one of the lead negotiators in Trump’s trade war, and he warned in June that the U.S. and Chinese economies are on the brink of decoupling. Under his leadership, the Treasury Department recently sanctioned Hong Kong officials close to Beijing, as well as two Xinjiang government officials complicit in the oppression of Uyghurs.

But Mnuchin has not said anything about Hollywood and China.

To be sure, his fellow Cabinet members are disingenuous on the subject. Barr’s solution to China-inspired censorship is apparently to turn Hollywood into a U.S. government mouthpiece, as the Trump administration has done with journalism outfits funded by government money. In his speech on censorship, Barr spoke longingly of Disney’s role making pro-U.S. government work during World War II, which included churning out propaganda films as well as designing insignia for American military equipment “to boost the morale of America’s troops.” Barr’s speech painted China as a cartoonish villain, and he seemed to imply that Hollywood should do the same, much in the way that Trump has encouraged anti-Asian sentiment.

Fighting censorship with more censorship is hardly the answer. “At the end of the day, this should be an issue that is viewed not through the U.S.-China rivalry, but through the lens of defending artistic freedom from government pressure anywhere,” said Tager. But for officials like Mnuchin with strong ties to the film industry, artistic freedom is apparently not the goal. As the protagonist in “Wall Street 2” puts it, “Idealism kills every deal.”

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brookstonalmanac · 1 year

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Events 3.1

509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. 293 – Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the Quattuor Principes Mundi ("Four Rulers of the World"). 350 – Vetranio proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by Constantina, sister of Constantius II. 834 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. 1476 – Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro. 1562 – Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion. 1628 – Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. 1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu. 1692 – Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials. 1781 – The Articles of Confederation goes into effect in the United States. 1796 – The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic. 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate. 1811 – Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali. 1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba. 1836 – A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico. 1845 – United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas. 1867 – Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state. 1870 – Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War. 1871 – The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War. 1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park. 1893 – Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri. 1896 – Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War. 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay. 1901 – The Australian Army is formed. 1910 – The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people. 1914 – China joins the Universal Postal Union. 1917 – The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text. 1919 – March 1st Movement begins in Korea under Japanese rule. 1921 – The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years. 1921 – Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the RSFSR, the Kronstadt rebellion begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the Bolsheviks. 1932 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12. 1939 – An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94. 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers. 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang). 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised. 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations. 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data. 1953 – Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later. 1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States. 1954 – Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives. 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization. 1956 – Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee. 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia. 1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections. 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95. 1964 – Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe. 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface. 1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria. 1971 – President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan. 1973 – Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages. 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. 1981 – Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze. 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. 1991 – Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians. 1992 – Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 1998 – Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide. 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan. 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of 800 km (500 mi) above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m. 2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security. 2005 – In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional. 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.[16] 2007 – Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School. 2008 – The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed. 2014 – Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.

#Events

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