#Biological Scaffold

[martblogs]

Biological Scaffold Market Trends, Outlook, Revenue and Forecast 2022-2028

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of current Global Biological Scaffold Market based on segmented types and downstream applications. Major product development trends are discussed  under major downstream segment scenario.

This report also focuses on major driving factors and inhibitors that affect the market and competitive landscape. Global and regional leading players in the Biological Scaffold industry are profiled in a detailed way, with sales data and market share info. This report also includes global and regional market size and forecast, drill-down to top 20 economies.

According to this survey, the global Biological Scaffold market is estimated to have reached $ xx million in 2020, and projected to grow at a CAGR of xx% to $ xx million by 2028.

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 Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the supply and demand status for many industries along the supply chain. Global Biological Scaffold Market Status and Forecast 2022-2028 report makes a brilliant attempt to unveil key opportunities available in the global Biological Scaffold market under the covid-19 impact to help readers in achieving a better market position. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provide useful data and information.

 The Global Biological Scaffold Market has been exhibited in detail in the following chapters

Chapter 1 displays the basic product introduction and market overview.

Chapter 2 provides the competition landscape of global Biological Scaffold industry.

Chapter 3 provides the market analysis by type and by region

Chapter 4 provides the market analysis by application and by region

Chapter 5-10 presents regional and country market size and forecast, under the context of market drivers and inhibitors analysis.

Chapter 11 analyses the supply chain, including process chart introduction, upstream key raw material and cost analysis, distributor and downstream buyer analysis.

Chapter 12 provides the market forecast by type and by application

Chapter 13 provides the market forecast by region

Chapter 14 profiles global leading players with their revenue, market share, profit margin, major product portfolio and SWOT analysis.

Chapter 15 conclusions

 Segmented by Type

l Hydrogels

l Polymeric Scaffolds

 Segmented by Application

l Stem Cell Therapy

l Regenerative Medicine

l Tissue Engineering

l Drug Discovery

l Others

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 Segmented by Country

   North America

       United States

       Canada

       Mexico

   Europe

       Germany

       France

       UK

       Italy

       Russia

       Spain

   Asia Pacific

       China

       Japan

       Korea

       Southeast Asia

       India

       Australasia

   Central & South America

       Brazil

       Argentina

       Colombia

   Middle East & Africa

       Iran

       Israel

       Turkey

       South Africa

       Saudi Arabia

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 Key manufacturers included in this survey

l Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc

l Tecan Trading AG

l REPROCELL Inc

l Pelobiotech

l NuVasive, Inc

l Nanofiber Solutions

l Molecular Matrix, Inc

l Merck KGaA

l Medtronic

l Matricel GmbH

l Corning Incorporated

l Bioquote Ltd

l Becton, Dickinson, and Company

l Avacta Life Sciences Limited.

l Allergan

l Akron Biotech

l 4titude

l 3D Biotek LLC

 Contact Us:-

+1-857-300-1122

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 sales@martresearch.com

[techninja]

Advanced Biomanufacturing Solutions: How Biofabrication is Meeting the Need for Complex Biologics in the Biotechnology Industry

Biofabrication Market: A Growing Industry with Promising Future

Biofabrication is an emerging technological field that focuses on manufacturing structures for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This field has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. In this article, we will explore the biofabrication market, its size, growth projections, and the key factors driving its growth.

Market Size and Growth Projections

The biofabrication market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. According to a report by Intent Market Research, the global biofabrication market size is anticipated to reach USD 80 Billion by the end of 2036, growing at a CAGR of 10% during the forecast period, i.e., 2024-2036. Another report estimates the market size to be USD 22.76 Billion in 2023 and predicts it to reach USD 48.27 Billion by 2031, with a CAGR of 10.2% from 2024 to 2031.

Key Factors Driving Growth

Several factors are driving the growth of the biofabrication market. One of the primary factors is the increasing demand for biologics and biosimilars. The development of biologics accounts for around 40% of all pharmaceutical R&D spending, making it essential for advancing healthcare. Additionally, biomanufacturing accelerates scientific research, boosts economic growth, and provides jobs, making it a vital industry for the future.

Another key factor driving growth is the advancements in biofabrication techniques. Recent advancements in volumetric bioprinting, scaffold-free bioassembly, and hybrid biofabrication strategies have improved the scale, rate, and intricacy at which tissues can be fabricated. These advancements have the potential to recapitulate the structure and complexity of native tissues, making them suitable for various applications such as biomimetically engineered models for drug discovery, cosmetics testing, tissue regeneration, and medical devices.

Regional Analysis

The biofabrication market is expected to grow significantly in various regions. North America is expected to hold the largest share of 36% during the forecast period due to the robust presence of large biopharmaceutical businesses and the improved infrastructure in biological research. The Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth due to the rapid adoption of advanced technologies and the high prevalence of chronic diseases.

Competitive Landscape

The biofabrication market is highly competitive, with several key players operating in the market. Some of the major players include Applikon Biotechnology BV, bbi-biotech GmbH, Danaher Corporation, Eppendorf AG, Esco Group of Companies, GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft, Meissner Filtration Products, Inc., Merck KGaA, PBS Biotech, Inc., Pierre Guérin, Sartorius AG, Shanghai Bailun Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Solaris Biotechnology Srl., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., and ZETA GmbH.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the biofabrication market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years due to the increasing demand for biologics and biosimilars, advancements in biofabrication techniques, and the growing demand for advanced biomanufacturing solutions. The market is expected to be driven by key players operating in the market, and regional growth is expected to vary. As the industry continues to evolve, it is essential to stay updated on the latest advancements and trends to capitalize on the growth opportunities in the biofabrication market.

[mindblowingscience]

In efforts to tackle the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, researchers have recruited nanotechnology to help regrow retinal cells. Macular degeneration is a form of central vision loss, which has massive social, mobility, and mental consequences. It impacts hundreds of millions of people globally and is increasing in prevalence. The degeneration is the consequence of damaged retinal pigment cells. Our bodies are unable to grow and replace these cells once they start dying, so scientists have been exploring alternative methods to replace them and the membrane within which they sit. "In the past, scientists would grow cells on a flat surface, which is not biologically relevant," explains Anglia Ruskin University biochemist Barbara Pierscionek. "Using these new techniques the cell line has been shown to thrive in the 3D environment provided by the scaffolds." Nottingham Trent University biomedical scientist Biola Egbowon and colleagues fabricated these 3D scaffolds with polymer nanofibers and coated them with a steroid to reduce inflammation. Using a technique called electrospinning, which produces nanometer-wide fibers by squirting a molten polymer through a high-voltage field, the team was able to keep the scaffold sufficiently thin.

Continue Reading

[horus-unofficial]

Question: how to add arms to mostly organic variation of a Gorgon. The onboard SCYLLA wishes to give out hugs to the lance yet is afraid of crushing us with the arms already on the mech.

you can grow them if you encode the right sequences of DNA into the genome of its biological components and build some scaffolding to direct the arms to grow the way you want them to

[etherclan]

Did the Cats of Etherclan name themselves / each other or is there another (human records?) origin of their Names? Also, are all cats the same or different ages? Any familial relations? Essentially, did they all "hatch" in one big colony starter batch or are there more traditional genetics and family structures in play?

The names are the names given to them by the human colonists! They don’t really have a frame of reference for the cultural references beyond “Laika looked it up and said it’s from a movie/history/etc”.

With the exception of the two litters that were born recently, all of the cats were produced from Batch One or Batch Two and each batch had fifteen cats. The two batches are ROUGHLY one earth year / twelve eclipses / twelve moons apart in age. NONE of these starter cats are biologically but that hasn’t stopped them from finding families in each other. Mostly for aesthetic reasons, each cat also has a “scaffolding breed” used as the basis for their genes- you can see what breed each of them is based on their serial number and EMS code!

[swordwithribbon]

abolishing gender identity = there are zero genders, no one has a gender, it is impossible to have a gender, being nonbinary or trans doesn't exist because there is nothing to identify out of, everyone on earth is genderless bc gender is a rightwing male invention and upholding it in any form is part of the patriarchal scaffolding holding up male supremacy, heterocentrism and capitalism.

abolishing gender identity =/= i've got a dick but i hate football therefore i must not be a real man, i've got a vagina but i've also got a personality unlike all those other silly brainless bimbos so i must be nonbinary, if you don't fit the rightwing definition of masculinity and femininity that means you're special and not just normal.

there are two sexes* - one of which has oppressed the other since time immemorial - and there are zero genders. oppressors cannot identify out of their privilege and oppressed people cannot identify out of their oppression. a white person cannot decide they're one of the good ones and identify out of their white privilege, and a male cannot decide the same either.

* if you're about to say something ableist about people with DSDs/"intersex" people, and claim they don't have a single sex because you're too stupid to understand how sex-linked disorders work, don't bother. i've heard it all before and it's all anti-science nonsense not dissimilar to anti-vaxx conspiracies.

thanks for the patronising explanation of what gender abolition would mean, although i already knew all of that lol. it’s interesting hearing such radical gender abolitionists such as yourself because i actually agree— abolishing gender would almost certainly be beneficial for everyone. but, none of you ever offer a practical and realistic way to achieve this: it’s always “gender doesn’t actually exist” but it does, you said so yourself. yes, it’s not a biological reality in the same way sex is and it is constructed but things that are sociological are still real. gender is a social reality.

being transsexual is at its core a medical condition caused by gender dysphoria aka gender discongruence. i find it abhorrent that anyone who hasn’t experienced such a challenging condition (which, as we all know, causes the trans su*c*de rate to be so high) would attempt to debase transition as “not liking football so i’m not a man”. you sound ridiculous. transsexuality is gender dysphoria being alleviated by a social and usually medical transition. interests have literally zero impact; if liking feminine things made you trans, all effeminate gay men would be transitioning, but they aren’t because there’s no dysphoria.

on a seperate note, other “trans umbrella” identities that you mentioned (e.g. nonbinary) are literally what you’re aiming for. nonbinary is a gender identity that defies all other binary ideas of gender, but for some reason this still upsets you because it’s being referred to as a “gender identity” and as such upholds in the loosest of ways gender norms. well, to that thought i ask: what’s the alternative? being transsexual or nonbinary or anything that goes against the conservative and very reductive idea that amab = man and afab = woman is rebelling against those conservative ideas. transsexuals are in favour of gender abolition. being trans is one step towards your utopian description of a genderless society, which, as an aside, we probably won’t ever arrive to unless society completely dies off and starts anew.

in regards to “identifying out of oppression” im not sure if you’re claiming i said this is possible, but i’ll give my thoughts. a trans woman who “passes” as the sex to which she has transitioned (and so is socially a woman) holds much less social power than a social man. yes, there are things that trans women cannot identify out of in the sense that they will always be biologically male, and so will never experience sex-based oppression e.g. oppressive abortion laws. but, a “passing” trans woman can and will inevitably experience misogyny as she lives as a woman day-to-day, just as a trans man in the same position will be treated as he is— a man— and be able to benefit from the social and daily privileges that this comes with. when people see a stranger, they see them as they are, not their genitalia or chromosomes or sex organs etc. so, yes, in part, oppression that isn’t tied completely to biology can be transferred.

as a final note, the racial comparison you mentioned is completely irrelevant as being “transracial” 1. doesn’t actually exist, and 2. even if it did, there would be no grounds for it to be valid as race dysphoria isn’t real. so you can’t really make a comparison between the two.

[unsettlingstories]

>> Initial Method: 3D deposition of pluripotent stem cells on biological scaffold substrate according to design model specifications.

>> First Success: Ex-utero fetal development on biological scaffold substrate.

>> First Advancement: Autonomous nanobiological assemblers capable of arranging pluripotent stem cells according to design model specifications without need for biological scaffolding.

>> Second Success: Scaffold-independent fetal development.

>> Second Advancement: Assemblers capable of repurposing local biological substrate to fulfill design model specifications via induced pluripotency of non-reservoir cells.

>> Third Success: Reservoir-independent full-body assembly of any human developmental state limited only by availability of repurposable biological material.

>> Third Advancement: Assembler self-replication.

>> Failure Mode: Checksum error during assembler self-replication. Total design deviation.

>> Failure Mode: Design profusion.

>> Failure Mode: Assembler autophagy.

Follow @unsettlingstories for more. Please reblog or tip to support. All images and text are © Max Lobdell, 2023.

[anarchistin]

Humans have been harnessing the power of yeast for thousands of years. These fungi allow fermentation, the molecular process whereby living cells typically transform sugar or starch into more complex molecules or chemicals. Discovered 10,000 years ago, the technology of liquid fermentation—from mead to beer to spirits—and solid-state fermentation—bread and cheese—helped put humanity on a rapidly accelerating path of evolution and advancement.

Fast forward 9,950 years. Around three decades ago, humans applied the potential of liquid fermentation to create medicines. In 1978 Arthur Riggs and Keiichi Itakura produced the first biosynthetic insulin using E. coli as a single-celled manufacturing plant. The epiphany that single-celled bacteria and yeast are sugar-powered microfactories that can be utilized to synthesize novel compounds is one of the most powerful discoveries of the past 100 years.

Since that revolutionary insight occurred, science has been devoted to understanding, cultivating and ultimately reprogramming single-celled organisms such as yeast, bacteria and algae, and we've been using the process to make more lifesaving drugs, biobased fuels such as corn ethanol, fragrances and a growing suite of small biological molecules.

[shepherds-of-haven]

For #tellmeeverything: I had some questions regarding shifters! So we know more talented shifters can change their whole bodies into animal forms (like MC turning into a peregrine falcon in chapter 7) so my 2 questions are:

1. Is that kind of transformation concentration based? Like in terms of dnd would they have to make a concentration saving throw every time they’re hit?

2. If a shifter was gravely injured and shifted their body into a different form, do they maintain that injury or is like wild shape in dnd (I really hope you know dnd so all of this makes sense lmao) where you get a whole new set of HP until you shift back?

Thank you! I love ShOH so much 😍

Hi anon, I swear that Tumblr ate this ask, so I never saw it when I was answering the Q&A on Patreon and only just saw it now (a few days later)! (This actually happens daily; I'll load up my inbox, give it a brief glance-through, then refresh it and there will be "new" messages peppered through that didn't load the first time... Truly awful stuff lol, but maybe it's because I have thousands of messages in my inbox at this point! I don't know how normal that is or if the site accounted for that 😅)

Anyway, I feel bad that I genuinely didn't see this, so I'm breaking protocol/crossing streams to answer this now!

Yes, Shifting magic, like almost all magic, is concentration-based, so a Shifter can only "hold" their new shape or form so long as they're actively maintaining it with their mental concentration and willpower! You can get around this by using something passive, like an amulet or talisman with Shifting magic bound into it, but this also requires Binding magic, you're limited to only what shape is "programmed" into the spell (whereas a Shifter can choose and discard shapes on the fly), and it can be broken by removing the object from your person. Hope that makes sense!

It depends on the nature of the injury! Unless the Shifter knows Healing magic, the wound will still exist when they revert back to their normal form. As for what happens when they change shape, it depends; the greater the transformation, the more energy and concentration it takes, so if the pain or severity of their injury saps up too much of their strength, the injury will typically show up in their new form because it's too much effort to try to maintain the scaffolding of an uninjured form while in pain. So if you have a broken arm and shapeshift into a falcon, you'll probably have a broken wing; or if you've been stabbed and shapeshift into a bear, the bear will likely be limping or bleeding in pain, simply because it costs too much mental effort and strain to maintain an intact body when you're not really that intact. However, it's also not impossible to do so: if your magic, willpower, and mental resilience are greater than that of your injury, you could technically soldier through and maintain an uninjured form if you needed to. It's just not that common/it depends on the injury! (Notably, this isn't the case with Changelings, whose ability is more physical/biological rather than temporary/concentration-based. If they're injured in humanoid form, they're also injured in bird form, etc.)

If you want a weird analogy for it, I think of it like, um, a person in a mascot costume or one of those performers who puppeteer a giant dinosaur suit from the inside...

If the person in the suit gets their arm broken, maybe that reflects itself in how they puppeteer the dinosaur's arm, because their ability to do so is inhibited, both physically and mentally (pain-wise)... So maybe the dinosaur arm also flops around like it's broken. Or maybe they're able to soldier through the pain and injury and keep it together long enough to act like the most convincing dinosaur that ever lived, and you'd never know they were actually injured inside, because they're fully inhabiting that form and selling it until that kid's birthday party is over, goddamn it!

...Something like that. I hope that makes sense! :'D

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Scientists propose a new filler for bone implants with increased bioactivity

An international team of scientists with the participation of researchers from NUST MISIS has proposed an alternative filler for 3D printed bone scaffolds based on calcium silicate. The material prevents the formation of a bacterial film on the surface of the scaffolds and, in the future, can be used for implants of lightly loaded bones, such as the skull. The results of the work were published in the journal Polymers.

Today, biopolymers are widely used in medicine. Development and production of polymer scaffolds, that serve as the basis for bone tissue restoration, is the particular interest to scientists and doctors working in the field of reconstructive surgery. For better survival, such scaffolds are usually colonized with the patient's cells.

Materials for scaffolds should not only be biologically compatible with the human body, but also promote the process of tissue regeneration and have antibacterial activity—to prevent the spread of bacteria on the surface of the scaffolds. Therefore, one of the main tasks of tissue engineering is the study and creation of new materials for printing scaffolds.

Read more.

[decepti-thots]

in lieu of tf fanon, can we all just agree that the fanon around seekers is just WAY too pervasive???? genuinely. why is seeker fanon Like That. why are seekers sometimes treated as a whole exotic subspecies. i feel like people got too attached to starscream, looked at the silly color swapped jet models due to budget in the original 80's cartoon, and just decided to invent a new kind of weird robot racism. sorry that this is on the bitchery side of anons but weirdly set-in-stone fanon stuff like seekers is what turned me off from reading tf fanfic

The answer to this, that is 'why is seeker fanon Like That', is gonna by necessity involve some discussion of NSFW stuff so I will cut this. But it's kinda. Necessary for the topic, lmao, so. And I do think it's worth actually going through ig. I've seen a lot of folks recently express this exact irritation and confusion, so...

OK so the honest answer: a good chunk of it's just fetish porn tbqh. And people, they are horny for those jets, lmao, and Starscream, exactly. Kink with some worldbuilding scaffolded around it as setup. Which to be clear, when someone is straight up just like 'hi, here is some cheerfully self-aware kink about breeding and shit, do not read too hard into this fantasy nonsense as a coherent narrative- we are here for horny egg laying and the implications will not be expanded on beyond that' I am usually like 'yeah cool go for it!!', lmao. Not my thing, can still go places in execution I'm like 'uhhhh think this through better please' about ofc, but like. Kink's kink, and all. Pretend adult fun times engaged in with full self-awareness are fine, a lot of the time.

My irritation really comes with when this bleeds into stuff that is taking itself seriously and is uhhhh. Not that? Or when it's engaged in by people who clearly don't have a level of self awareness about the above. And the answer is... IMO it's just regular fandom racism tbh, with an extra layer of obfuscation over it because it's got the fantasy analogue thing disguising it. Some people enjoy a lot of tropes that derive from certain strands of commercial genre romance, and honestly a lot of classic SFF as well, that are based in things they do not fully realise are rooted in racism, or any number of -isms tbh. And there's also a lot of people who sort of do notice, but they still want to keep enjoying those things without guilt, so they try and take the underlying logics and apply them to fantasy constructs or whatever in the hopes this will make the thing they like Not Racist. (Spoiler alert: the issue is rarely who the tropes are applied to alone, and this basically never works, because humans have pattern recognition and know how analogies work.)

People like stories about Scary Barbarians, or Submissive Sexually Exotic Androgynes, or whatever. And then someone points out 'yeah but mate, those are racial stereotypes, have you heard of orientalism' or whatever, and people feel bad but they sort of. Want to keep enjoying those stories in a way that is not harmful! That strips out that element succesfully. So they try and write an alien fantasy version, but again. This doesn't actually work most of the time, tbh. Because humans have pattern recognition and the tropes, the logic underlying the ideas in the first place, are often the actual issue. Shrug.

And IMO, this is where you get 'biologically distinct races frametypes who are Just Naturally For Breeding' shit, or whatever other example I can pull out of the TF fanon hat, in ostensibly serious stories about geopolitical conflicts or serious personal drama, ones which expect you to engage with this as an actual framework for how a world could work and not just as a loose excuse for 2000 words of smut. It's not as though canon is totally immune to this to be clear- ask me sometime about how I feel about the mess that is functionism being an analogy for 48563 things, lmao- but fanon is more pervasive because you're contending with decades of this stuff being super pervasive in fandom spaces and it becoming standard for fic. We were having discussions about this exact stuff like. When I was 15 on LJ, lmao. And it wasn't new then! I don't think it's anything unique; it's just got those extra layers of abstraction to sort through in terms of 'why IS this happening with these fuckin planes'.

[imaginalstudio]

Dennis Brown -

Revolution

from the perspective of spiritual awakenings and metaphysical transformations, can be understood through the lens of "imaginal cells" within human experience, society, and civilization. Imaginal cells are the precursor cells in a caterpillar that ultimately transform it into a butterfly, symbolizing profound transformation and rebirth.

In human terms, spiritual awakenings like kenshō, satori, coming to Christ, nirvana, and moksha etc act as these imaginal cells, prompting profound shifts in perception and consciousness. Individuals undergoing such awakenings perceive reality differently, often experiencing a sense of oneness with the universe, which aligns with the concept of the collective consciousness. Societies, too, can undergo similar transformations, with cultural and social revolutions acting as imaginal cells that lead to a more enlightened state of collective being.

Ray Kurzweil's "Law of Accelerating Returns" further explains this process in the context of technological and evolutionary progress. According to Kurzweil, technological change is exponential, not linear, leading to rapid and profound transformations in human civilization. This principle suggests that the intervals between significant technological or cultural shifts become shorter, resulting in a convergent singularity where human and machine intelligence merge, drastically altering the fabric of human history and society.

Donald Hoffman's interface theory of perception posits that our perceptions of reality are akin to a user interface designed to simplify complex underlying truths, much like how a computer desktop simplifies the functions of the operating system. This theory suggests that spiritual awakenings might reveal deeper layers of reality, much like autostereograms (hidden 3D images in 2D patterns) reveal hidden images when viewed correctly, or how polarized glasses can show different perspectives of the same ocean view. These metaphors illustrate how awakenings can transform one's understanding of reality

Michael Levin's research on bioelectrical developmental scaffolding, which explores how cells communicate to form complex organisms, can be linked to human experiences of synchronicity. Synchronicity, or meaningful coincidences, can be viewed as signals from the collective consciousness, guiding individuals toward alignment with a higher collective system. Just as bioelectric signals guide cellular development, synchronicities might be perceived as guiding forces within the fabric of human experience

Combining these perspectives, we see that revolution, whether personal, societal, or technological, is a multifaceted process of transformation. Spiritual awakenings act as catalysts for individual and collective evolution, driving humanity toward a more interconnected and enlightened state. The accelerating pace of technological progress further amplifies these shifts, pushing us towards a singularity where the boundaries between biological and artificial intelligence blur, leading to unprecedented levels of collective consciousness and societal metamorphosis.

[scotianostra]

On 17th April 1932, Sir Patrick Geddes, the Scottish biologist and social scientist, died.

Geddes studied in London where he met and studied under well known scientists such as Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley. Geddes lectured on Zoology at Edinburgh University in the 1880′s. Geddes believed that the principles of biological evolution could also be applied to the evolution of society. Throughout his life he travelled the world and contributed to everything from sociology to city planning.

“By living we learn.” was his motto, he did much to improve the living conditions in his local environment and was also a figure of international importance. He travelled widely and corresponded with key thinkers and writers of the time such as Charles Darwin and Mahatma Gandhi.

He was was appointed Assistant in Practical Botany at Edinburgh University in 1880 and was based at the Royal Botanic Garden. He settled in Edinburgh with his wife, Anna. Over the next 20 years he initiated a number of social experiments designed to improve housing and living conditions in the Old Town.

By the mid 19th century, many of Edinburgh’s most prosperous citizens had moved to the New Town or the newly-built suburbs to the south and west of the city. The Old Town was in desperate need of improvement, with poor housing and sanitation.

Geddes believed that, in order to understand and improve a community, one had to be a part of it. In a bold move, he transferred his family to James Court, a near-slum off the Lawnmarket at the top of the Royal Mile. He started by improving the building in which he lived, but he was soon inspiring and mobilising his neighbours into communal action.

In 1884, Geddes established the Environment Society (later the Edinburgh Social Union) to encourage local residents to survey, plan, and improve the local environment.

Geddes wanted to encourage a mixture of people from different backgrounds and professions to settle in the Old Town to create a mixed, vibrant community. He founded University Hall, the first Hall of Residence in Edinburgh. The hall was set up in renovated properties around the Lawnmarket, including one in Riddle’s Court, If you have walked along Victoria Terrace lately and noticed all the scaffolding it is part of the work going on there transforming it into the Patrick Geddes Centre for Learning and Conservation, it will form the hub at the heart of the painstakingly conserved 16th century buildings.

There is a lot more here including details of the Patrick Geddes Heritage trail which leads you from Mound Place to Ramsay Gardens and all the way down the Royal Mile to Whitehorse Close

http://www.patrickgeddestrust.co.uk/pghtedinburgh.htm

[mindblowingscience]

Flat screen TVs that incorporate quantum dots are now commercially available, but it has been more difficult to create arrays of their elongated cousins, quantum rods, for commercial devices. Quantum rods can control both the polarization and color of light, to generate 3D images for virtual reality devices. Using scaffolds made of folded DNA, MIT engineers have come up with a new way to precisely assemble arrays of quantum rods. By depositing quantum rods onto a DNA scaffold in a highly controlled way, the researchers can regulate their orientation, which is a key factor in determining the polarization of light emitted by the array. This makes it easier to add depth and dimensionality to a virtual scene. "One of the challenges with quantum rods is: How do you align them all at the nanoscale so they're all pointing in the same direction?" says Mark Bathe, an MIT professor of biological engineering and the senior author of the new study. "When they're all pointing in the same direction on a 2D surface, then they all have the same properties of how they interact with light and control its polarization."

Continue Reading.

[reggiespoon]

Okay not to be Cringe And Free but I'm gonna anyway - Robespierre's sheer tenacity in the face of his opponents reminds me of nothing so much as baby Steve Rogers, who hates bullies, believes in honour and justice, and is biologically incapable of backing down.

Robespierre in the Estates General, the National Assembly, the National Convention, the Committee of Public Safety, and the tumbrel en route to the scaffold:

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 11, 2023

In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference. Allen, M., Levy, A., Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1010490.

Schemas provide a scaffold for neocortical integration of new memories over time. Audrain, S., & McAndrews, M. P. (2022). Nature Communications, 13, 5795.

Anterior cingulate cortex causally supports flexible learning under motivationally challenging and cognitively demanding conditions. Banaie Boroujeni, K., Sigona, M. K., Treuting, R. L., Manuel, T. J., Caskey, C. F., & Womelsdorf, T. (2022). PLOS Biology, 20(9), e3001785.

Neural signature of flexible coding in prefrontal cortex. Bocincova, A., Buschman, T. J., Stokes, M. G., & Manohar, S. G. (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(40), e2200400119.

Divisive normalization is an efficient code for multivariate Pareto-distributed environments. Bucher, S. F., & Brandenburger, A. M. (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(40), e2120581119.

Prior fear learning enables the rapid assimilation of new fear memories directly into cortical networks. Concina, G., Renna, A., Milano, L., & Sacchetti, B. (2022). PLOS Biology, 20(9), e3001789.

Sleep-promoting neurons remodel their response properties to calibrate sleep drive with environmental demands. Dissel, S., Klose, M. K., van Swinderen, B., Cao, L., Ford, M., Periandri, E. M., … Shaw, P. J. (2022). PLOS Biology, 20(9), e3001797.

Constructing functional models from biophysically-detailed neurons. Duggins, P., & Eliasmith, C. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1010461.

A neuronal prospect theory model in the brain reward circuitry. Imaizumi, Y., Tymula, A., Tsubo, Y., Matsumoto, M., & Yamada, H. (2022). Nature Communications, 13, 5855.

Data-driven emergence of convolutional structure in neural networks. Ingrosso, A., & Goldt, S. (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(40), e2201854119.

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of HCN channel modulation on excitability of layer V pyramidal cells. Mäki-Marttunen, T., & Mäki-Marttunen, V. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1010506.

Recurrent neural networks with explicit representation of dynamic latent variables can mimic behavioral patterns in a physical inference task. Rajalingham, R., Piccato, A., & Jazayeri, M. (2022). Nature Communications, 13, 5865.

Hippocampal ripples signal contextually mediated episodic recall. Sakon, J. J., & Kahana, M. J. (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(40), e2201657119.

Dynamic and stable population coding of attentional instructions coexist in the prefrontal cortex. Sapountzis, P., Paneri, S., Papadopoulos, S., & Gregoriou, G. G. (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(40), e2202564119.

Connectivity concepts in neuronal network modeling. Senk, J., Kriener, B., Djurfeldt, M., Voges, N., Jiang, H.-J., Schüttler, L., … van Albada, S. J. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1010086.

Synaptic balancing: A biologically plausible local learning rule that provably increases neural network noise robustness without sacrificing task performance. Stock, C. H., Harvey, S. E., Ocko, S. A., & Ganguli, S. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1010418.

A normative model of peripersonal space encoding as performing impact prediction. Straka, Z., Noel, J.-P., & Hoffmann, M. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1010464.

Putting perception into action with inverse optimal control for continuous psychophysics. Straub, D., & Rothkopf, C. A. (2022). eLife, 11, e76635.

Time encoding migrates from prefrontal cortex to dorsal striatum during learning of a self-timed response duration task. Tunes, G. C., Fermino de Oliveira, E., Vieira, E. U., Caetano, M. S., Cravo, A. M., & Bussotti Reyes, M. (2022). eLife, 11, e65495.

Interactions between attributions and beliefs at trial-by-trial level: Evidence from a novel computer game task. Zamfir, E., & Dayan, P. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(9), e1009920.