#Imperi català

[negreabsolut]

Expedicions a les Illes Afortunades al segle XIV.

[useless-catalanfacts]

A day in the life of someone who posts on the internet in Catalan *cue dozens of Spanish people asking "what's wrong with your mouth", ordering him to speak in Spanish or "in Christian", saying he's rude for speaking in Catalan, calling him "polaco" (derogatory Spanish word to mean a Catalan person), calling the Catalan language a dialect, saying he is possessed because he's speaking Catalan, etc*

This is a video by Sergi Mas showing some of the comments he gets on YouTube. He makes videos about mountain biking that he posts on YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram. And the first comment he got on his first YouTube video was already someone telling him he should do it in Spanish.

Some days ago, another creator who posts his videos in Catalan (Joan Sendra, find him on Instagram and TikTok) answered to a Spanish person who was complaining that it's rude to speak Catalan/Valencian on the internet instead of Spanish because then there's people who don't understand you (as if everyone in the world spoke Spanish lmao). Joan, who is tired of getting this kind of comments so often, answered: there are already endless videos and things to watch on the internet in Spanish. In fact, if you look for [the topic he was talking about in the video that this guy commented] all the videos are in Spanish except for mine. And yet you had to come to me, the one in Valencian, and tell me that I can't make a video in my language and that I can only make it in yours. If you don't like it, it's so easy to find another one!

However, it's not a matter of actually being interested in what's being said in a language they don't speak. It's about the imposition of the language they consider superior (Spanish) and telling speakers of the languages whose land Spain had occupied that they are useless and should be ashamed of existing in public. Well, we aren't. Like Sergi's video, don't let the comments disturb your macarrons.

[beautiful-basque-country]

One day I would to write an essay on how Spain systematically denying Basques, Canarians, Catalans and Galicians their identity and instead calling them "Spanish" and "Hispanic" is a form of imperialism (like... Franco literally attempted ethnic cleasing against non-Castilians, did we all forget this)

Kaixo anon!

Let's not forget, it's true. But it wasn't just Franco, it started way earlier, with the arrival of the Bourbon dinasty to Spain.

The amazigh languages of the Canary islands are thought to have been lost around the late 18th century, early 19th.

1768 SPAIN: New law passed that forces to teach solely in Spanish in Aragón and Catalunya; it was extended to the whole territory in 1780.

1772 SPAIN: Another law banned all merchants to have their bookkeeping in any language but Spanish.

1776 SPAIN: Printing books in Català and Euskara was prohibited.

1789 FRANCE: disappearance of every old regional law and language. Books not written in French were burnt and the use and teaching of any other language was punished.

1794 FRANCE: Education must be solely in French, any other language became prosecuted.

1801 SPAIN: all theater plays and songs in any other language but Spanish became banned. Also dancing to non-Spanish songs.

1803 SPAIN: it's documented the first report of physical punishment for speaking in Euskera at school.

1857 SPAIN: Spanish Grammar and Ortography became the only and mandatory text book at public schools.

1862 SPAIN: Using any language but Spanish in any public document was prohibited.

1867 SPAIN: another law banning theater plays in Català or Euskera.

1876 SPAIN: Basque old laws became banned. According to Madrid newspaper "El Imparcial": "Taking away their old laws isn't enough, we now have to take their language away."

1896 SPAIN: Speaking on the phone or sending telegraphs in Basque or Català became illegal.

1902 SPAIN: Any teacher that taught in Català or Euskera began to be punished.

1903 FRANCE: another law banning Euskera & Català in school.

1923 SPAIN: Euskera & Català became banned from official events.

1925 SPAIN: every textbook not written in Spanish were removed; teachers that didn't teach in Spanish were suspended from work without pay.

1930 SPAIN: Every local institution is forced to keep their visitor's book and registrations only in Spanish.

1937 SPAIN: Prohibition of speaking Basque and every sign of Basque culture, ie using Basque names, playing Basque instruments, wearing Basque colors. The punishments were from social humiliations to jail or execution. Same thing happened in Catalunya.

1938 SPAIN: Only Spanish names accepted. In church, masses just in Spanish, with a permission of only a 10 min. preach in Basque if nobody understood Spanish.

1939 SPAIN: Signs in Euskera & Català in hotels were removed.

1940 SPAIN: Signs in Euskera & Català in justice courts and shops were removed.

1940 SPAIN: Public workers forced to speak just in Spanish or face dismissal. Every movie - national or international - is forced to have its dialogues in Spanish.

1944 SPAIN: Euskera & Català again banned from public documents and even tombs.

1947 SPAIN: Euskera & Català banned from magazines.

1948 SPAIN: Again, Euskera & Català banned from schools.

1954 SPAIN: Euskera & Català banned from every radio station.

1964 SPAIN: It became illegal to feature Euskera & Català in records or advertising.

1978-2015 SPAIN & FRANCE: Still Euskera & Català are unregulated in France, and in Spain in places like Trebiñu.

[we didn't include galego because in the source we use it didn't and we're not completely sure it was included in all these laws, but we're 95% convinced it was too, so.. include it in your heads.]

Source

The Spanish and French governments have tried SO SO SO hard during the last 300 years to erase us. Good thing is we're more stubborn and proud than them.

[556780439]

José Luis Muñoz Díaz@JoseLuisSTAP

Èxit de l'entrenador català @jmb_ekkonocoach, al Japó.

L'equip de l'antiga capital imperial del Japó, el @naraclub_info guanya la lliga després d'assegurar-se l'ascens a falta de 2 jornades pel final de la temporada. Un èxit sense precedents en l'equip nipó. https://pic.twitter.com/vs9Qg22QZV

Retweeted by Julián Marín Bazalo

retweeted at 21:17:51　

https://twitter.com/jmb_ekkonocoach/status/1594304010575433728

[no-passaran]

A video where Occitan people of the elder generations explain their experiences with language and shame.

These people grew up ashamed of themselves as a result of the polices of the state of France, which aimed at erradicating all the local languages and replacing them with French.

The video is in Occitan with subtitles in Italian. Here I translate what they’re saying to English:

Title: “The sign”, a language forbidden at school.

1. Michel Seguy: In France, school has murdered Occitan. We were not allowed to speak Occitan, ever.

2. Hélène Ferrari: My father taught at the public school, so I absolutely never had the right to speak it in class.

3. Louis Sire: It’s the same thing that my grandmother used to tell me: don’t speak Occitan, speak French. If you don’t do this, you will never achieve anything in your life.

4. Gilbert Bosc: When I started going to school, when I was 6 years old, I did not know any French, I spoke only Occitan. And I lived all that period in which schools imposed only French to all students, and we were punished if they heard us speak among ourselves in Occitan.

5. Miquèl Taiac: School made me be ashamed of my language. For example, when we had to go to the school’s principal with our parents, I used to go with my father and I was ashamed of my father because he didn’t speak French well. Things changed when I realised what our language means and all the culture that it has. The first effect it had was on my personal life, it made me recover my relationship with my father, now I saw him in a different light.

6. Anne-Marie Burjade: Our godfather once had to copy 500 times [in French] “aspic in French is lavande” so that he would remember.

7. There was a teacher who made all of us who spoke “patois” [Occitan] wear a sign. There was nothing you could do about it, you had to speak French. The sign was a piece of painted wood and the last one to have it was punished. When all the others left, the last one to have the sign had to stay at school for extra homework. So to free yourself of the sign, if you heard someone else speak “patois” [Occitan], you turned them in.

8. André Pallas: All the shame of speaking that language, it wasn’t until a few years ago that I could get rid of that shame. It was once, when I was in Vielha [in Val d’Aran, a tiny valley of Occitania that belongs to Catalonia and not France. In Catalonia, the Aranese variant of Occitan is a co-official language together with Catalan and Spanish] in a conference about the Garona. And this was the surprise: translation in three languages: Spanish, Catalan, and Aranese. Here, I listened to the whole conference in Aranese. And when I could hear important people who spoke that language, I told myself “I, too, have the right to speak it”.

Do you want to learn more about France’s Great Linguistic Genocide, often known by speakers as the Vergonha (the Shame)? Here are some Tumblr posts: a punishment for speaking Provençal, an Occitan poem (with translation) about going to a school where all your people is erased, experiences of Northern Catalans during the vergonha, “Be clean, speak French”. For more information, you can read the article on Vergonha in the website MonOccitan.

[qvidamasperra]

Totes les llengües utilitzades a les finals d'Eurovisió* des de 2000

*Ja sigui en els títols, en les lletres i/o en moments puntuals de l'actuació

Todas las lenguas usadas en las finales se Eurovisión* desde 2000

* En los títulos de las canciones, en las letras y/o en expresiones puntuales durante la actuación.

Ĉiuj lingvoj uzitaj en la finaloj de Eŭrovido* ekde 2000.

* En la titoloj de la kantoj, en la kantotekstoj kaj/aŭ dummomente dum la kantado

All languages used in Eurovision finals* from 2000

* Either in the title, in the lyrics and/or in any point moment of the perfoemance.

[mulanveronline-blog]

Ver Mulán película online completas 2020 HD

Ver - https://mulan-es.blogspot.com/

La historia de una joven valiente que finge ser un hombre para unirse al ejército que se opone a los invasores del norte que se acercan a China. La hija mayor del valiente guerrero Hua, Mulan es una chica enérgica y decidida. Cuando el Emperador emite un decreto de que un hombre de cada familia debe unirse a las filas del Ejército Imperial, Mulan toma el lugar de su padre enfermo, sin saber aún que se hará famosa como uno de los mejores guerreros de la historia china.

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[useless-catalanfacts]

My mother gifted me two things, like all of yours did to you: her love, and her language — Valencian. That's why I write, think, and love in Valencian.

Is the language that your mothers taught you superior to the language that my mother taught me? Does your language deserve more respect than mine? Then, why do you want everything that isn't Spanish to disappear? Why do you not respect us? Why are you still determined, since 300 years ago, to impose your language on us "by right law of conquest"?

Joan Baldoví in the Congress of Spain. 2024.

[useless-catalanfacts]

The French Government back with their French supremacy 🤦

(23rd September 2022)

The French Government has sued the Town Council of Elna (a small town in Northern Catalonia) because they allow the city officials to read in the Catalan language (which is the local language of Elna!) in the meetings.

According to French law, only French is allowed to be used in public occasions, even in the areas that France annexed but who have an indigenous language of their own, such as Northern Catalonia, which was annexed by France in 1659 against the local people's will.

The first thing that France did after annexing Northern Catalonia was to forbid the use of the Catalan language in public and only allow French, even though its inhabitants didn't speak French.

I explained the brutal repression of the Catalan language at the hands of France in this previous post. Summing up, France has spent centuries trying to exterminate the languages and cultures of the peoples it occupied and impose on them the French language. They have done this through humiliation and violence, especially targeted at children. Well until the late 20th century, schools beat children who were heard (or who someone reported to having heard) saying a word in Catalan, and they were punished through humiliation of having to wear a symbol of shame for the "crime" of speaking their mother tongue.

Even nowadays, public schools in Northern Catalonia are not allowed to use the Catalan language in teaching, they have to use French. Children cannot be named with Catalan names with letters that aren't in French (for example, common names like Martí or Lídia cannot be used because French doesn't have "í"). There is no public media such as a permanent TV channel in Catalan. Signs are only in French. Basically, France bans its use in any space so that the language will have no place to exist and will die.

The town council of Elna passed a law according to which the representatives of the town council could read their interventions in Catalan at the meetings, with the condition that immediately after having intervened in Catalan they read the same text in French.

This doesn't violate French's rights (in fact, it's Catalan speakers who are being discriminated for having to do twice as much work and thus being disincentivized to use their language), because everything would still be in French. But France cannot stand that our languages are still alive, so they will go to trial to punish the town council of an 8,000 inhabitants town.

The mayor of Elna, Nicolas Garcia, received the trial notification this morning and reaffirmed his conviction to fight for the rights of its citizens to use their language in this space:

View on Twitter

Translation: We will go to trial and we will win! The Town of Elna has been called before a judge for having allowed to read the official acts also in Catalan. Poor French Republic!

News source: Ràdio Arrels.

Do you want to learn more about the suppression of the Catalan language in Northern Catalonia? Here are some previous posts on the topic:

Experiences of Northern Catalans in France’s policies of cultural and linguistic extermination

“Speak French, be clean” written in the walls of schools

How Breton and Catalan families can’t name their children names in their language because “it doesn’t exist in France"

Sum up of the history and usage of Catalan in Northern Catalonia, from the king of France officially banning its use in documents for being a “disgusting language that goes against the honour of the French nation” to nowadays.

[useless-catalanfacts]

Video from RTVE, subtitles added by Assemblea Internacional:

Judit Mascó is a renowned model and TV presenter from Barcelona. She has worked extensively in Spain, and has experienced what it's like to work in a Spanish-speaking environment as a Catalan professional.

Some people find it hard to understand that her mother tongue is not Spanish, and others are annoyed when they hear her speak Catalan to her friends or family.

She's not alone in her struggle: too many Catalans have experience verbal abuse or physical aggressions only because of their language or origin.

Minority languages should always be protected. But in Spain, they become a target instead.

[useless-catalanfacts]

Yesterday, the linguist and activist Carme Junyent died. It saddens me deeply to write this post, because she was someone who I really admire.

She was a linguist who led the Grup d'Estudis de Llengües Amenaçades (GELA, Research Group on Endangered Languages) in University of Barcelona and author of many books and articles about language diversity and the defense of minoritized and/or indigenous languages here and around the world, and a firm defensor of immigrants' language rights and cultural diversity. She was also very active in defense of the language rights of her own community, Catalan speakers, against linguistic imperialism from Spanish and French.

Even in her last moments, she wrote an article about the right to die speaking one's mother language (Catalan in our case) if you are in your own country, instead of the usual case of forcing the patients who are part of the local marginalized and/or indigenous language community (even those in the very last moment of their lives) to speak in the dominant state language (Spanish, in our case). She sent it to the newspaper Vilaweb, where she often collaborated, to be published right after her death:

She has died of cancer at 68 years old. In her last months, most doctors who treated her in Catalonia's public healthcare system did not speak or did not want to speak Catalan, only Spanish. But she took the decision to keep firm and not change her language, so she could die in her mother tongue.

[negreabsolut]

La Taula Strozzi, atribuïda a Francesco Rosselli, pintor del Quatre-cents. S’hi representa el port de Nàpols, amb la ciutat al fons, el 1470, en temps d’Alfons el Magnànim. 82 x 245 cm; 1472.

[negreabsolut]

Coberta de The Crown of Aragon: A Singular Mediterranean Empire, editat per Brill.

[negreabsolut]

Coberta d’El problema d’un imperi mediterrani català. 1229–1327, de Jocelyn Nigel Hillgarth, editat per Editorial Moll; 1984.

[negreabsolut]

El mapamundi de Domingos Teixeira, de l’any 1573, on s’hi mostren les possessions americanes descobertes pels catalans.

[negreabsolut]

Mapa de l’imperi català mediterrani.