#Real application cluster

[sandeep2363]

Can we stop table to be globally accessed in Oracle RAC Environment

Limit Global Access in Oracle RAC Efficiently In Oracle RAC, tables are designed to be globally accessible by default, as RAC’s architecture is built on shared access to all database objects across multiple nodes. This is a key feature of RAC, enabling high availability and scalability. However, while you cannot completely stop a table from being globally accessible in the same way you might in…

[prettyboysdontlookatexplosions]

was talking to @awildwickedslip about tender is the night and then still thinking about it later that same day wound up talking to @inwhatfreshhell about tender is the night and now... well now... i'm rereading tender is the night... but who can blame me... still one of my favorite first pages of all time:

On the pleasant shore of the French Riviera, about half way between Marseilles and the Italian border, stands a large, proud, rose-colored hotel. Deferential palms cool its flushed façade, and before it stretches a short dazzling beach. Lately it has become a summer resort of notable and fashionable people; a decade ago it was almost deserted after its English clientele went north in April. Now, many bungalows cluster near it, but when this story begins only the cupolas of a dozen old villas rotted like water lilies among the massed pines between Gausse's Hôtel des Étrangers and Cannes, five miles away.

The hotel and its bright tan prayer rug of a beach were one. In the early morning the distant image of Cannes, the pink and cream of old fortifications, the purple Alp that bounded Italy, were cast across the water and lay quavering in the ripples and rings sent up by sea-plants through the clear shallows. Before eight a man came down to the beach in a blue bathrobe and with much preliminary application to his person of the chilly water, and much grunting and loud breathing, floundered a minute in the sea. When he had gone, beach and bay were quiet for an hour. Merchantmen crawled westward on the horizon; bus boys shouted in the hotel court; the dew dried upon the pines. In another hour the horns of motors began to blow down from the winding road along the low range of the Maures, which separates the littoral from true Provençal France.

A mile from the sea, where pines give way to dusty poplars, is an isolated railroad stop, whence one June morning in 1925 a victoria brought a woman and her daughter down to Gausse's Hotel. The mother's face was of a fading prettiness that would soon be patted with broken veins; her expression was both tranquil and aware in a pleasant way. However, one's eye moved on quickly to her daughter, who had magic in her pink palms and her cheeks lit to a lovely flame, like the thrilling flush of children after their cold baths in the evening. Her fine forehead sloped gently up to where her hair, bordering it like an armorial shield, burst into lovelocks and waves and curlicues of ash blonde and gold. Her eyes were bright, big, clear, wet, and shining, the color of her cheeks was real, breaking close to the surface from the strong young pump of her heart. Her body hovered delicately on the last edge of childhood—she was almost eighteen, nearly complete, but the dew was still on her.

[novankenn]

a Substitution (11)

Saphron's hands shook with fear and no small part rage. Taking a stuttering deep breath she started to type a response on her mother's scroll. The message was short, to the point and accusatory.

The ping of a received message drew Terra's attention away from Jaune and his dance partner. A partner that looked like something more could develop. Lifting her scroll up, she expected a a comment from Jasmine. It was Jasmine's number... but Terra knew it wasn't from her.

"Your fucking skank! Cheating on me with Jail-bait! Where's Jaune!"

Terra's fingers shook as she hesitantly replied.

"Saph?"

"Yes you fucking bitch! It's over... stay away until I can move out!"

"Saph, it's not what it looks like! I swear!"

"Really? REALLY? Looks like to are checking out young cunt, like a fucking sick fuck!"

"Shit." Terra cursed. Grabbing her purse, she abandoned her table and shouldered her way to Jaune. Grabbing Jaune by her wrist Terra pulled her free of her dance partner.

"Terra, what the..."

"We have a BIG FUCKING PROBLEM!" Terra snapped as she shoved her scroll into Jaune's face so she could see the texts.

"What? Who? HOW?"

"It's my fault. I... I sent some videos of you to your mom..."

"WHY?"

"To show her you enjoying yourself, but... but Saph..." terra paused a look of depression settling over her features. "Saph must have..."

"What... what are we going to do?" Jaune started to feel panic rise in her chest. "She's going to find out... see I'm a freak..."

"No Jaune... we'll deal with this. I'll deal with this."

"How?" Jaune's breath was coming in rapid gasps as fear and panic fully took hold of her. "HOW?"

"I'll think of something..."

"Are you okay?" came the soft voice of Pyrrha. "You seem a little upset. Was it something I did?"

"No sweetie." Terra answered for Jaune. "It's a home issue. Nothing to do with you."

"I know you're saying that, but it feels..."

"I'm a freak!" Jaune snapped, at no one in particular. "It's your fault!"

"Jaune..."

Pyrrha and Terra reached out but were too slow as Jaune bolted into the press of people, vanishing completely almost instantly.

"JAUNE!" Terra yelled trying to be heard over the loud music.

"I'm sorry." Pyrrha apologized, her concerned face growing sorrowful. The cheer and enjoyment Terra had seen not five minutes ago, complete gone.

"You have nothing to be sorry about. You did nothing aside from making Jaune very happy for a short time."

"But..."

"This is a family thing. I mean that." Terra gave Pyrrha a small but warm smile. "I have to go find Jaune, and then fix this. How about you give me your number and once Jaune calms down... I'll get her to call you?"

"I..."

"Only if you want to."

Pyrrha pulled out her scroll, activated the contact input application and touched Terra's scroll.

"You promise?" Pyrrha asked hesitantly.

"I do."

While Terra and Pyrrha exchanged info, and Terra was mentally trying to formulate a way to deal with this cluster-fuck, Jaune had reached the street. She was nearly hyperventilating as her deep azure eyes scanned the dim street before her. Without any real thought Jaune took off racing down the street towards the hotel. She was intent on getting her clothes, and getting away from everyone.

[ Table of Contents ]

[happyk44]

I just finished reading your posts on Yukio having AVPD and/or OCPD and I just wanted to say how much love your analyses on him. He's such a complex character who's so misunderstood by so many people (don't get me started on Yukio haters who base their opinion of him solely on what they've seen in the anime...) and that has always left me wondering what mental issues he could be dealing with. I'm by no means a mental health expert, but I've recently been researching BPD and Yukio immediately came to my mind. It became a headcanon of mine that he has BPD because the symptoms seem very consistent with Yukio's behavior and I was wondering if this is a disorder you think he could possibly have.

Also, I just found out you're the author of AOEX Misc Shorts, which I ABSOLUTELY LOVE!!!

Thank you! I’m glad you liked the drabbles, and my thoughts on Yukio’s various mental health issues 😂

I’m not a mental health expert either – just a guy who likes reading up on mental health disorders. I have actually made a post a while back about Rin and Yukio both having BPD – Rin with a classic, overt BPD and Yukio having quiet BPD – as a concept of them both being more similar than they think. So yes, I do think BPD is fitting for Yukio (and Rin). I haven’t applied much thought on it because I figured AVPD and OCPD applied to him more significantly, and I wanted to explore them at greater depth. Non-Cluster B PDs tend to get little consideration when it comes to headcanons (or just general knowledge), so I like analyzing them when I feel it’s applicable.

But, yes, I do think Yukio (and Rin) fit. BPD is commonly comorbid with AVPD, so it wouldn’t be out of the realm of possibility for Yukio to have both. He’s also just. So mentally ill, like, there is no number of problems he could have, let’s be real.

To get into a little more, let’s engage in some long-winded analysis and rambling! Yay!!

So, first, I want to explain that quiet BPD isn’t an official diagnosis but often used to explain when someone’s symptoms are more internalized than externalized. Now, the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria states that patients must have a persistent pattern of unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions (ie, emotional dysregulation) and pronounced impulsivity, shown by at least five of the following:

Desperate efforts to avoid abandonment (actual or imagined)

Unstable, intense relationships that alternate between idealizing and devaluing the other person

An unstable self-image or sense of self

Impulsivity in two or more areas that could harm themselves

Repeated suicidal behavior and/or gestures or threats or self-mutilation

Rapid changes in mood, lasting usually only a few hours and rarely more than a few days

Persistent feelings of emptiness

Inappropriately intense anger or problems controlling anger

Temporary paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms triggered by stress

For Rin, I would say it’s 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (that’s seven of nine), and for Yukio, I would say it’s 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 (also seven of nine). The last one for Yukio is more personal belief given the amount of stress he’s under daily. Being susceptible to dissociation, especially as a result of constant emotional repression, feels very plausible.

With point seven, persistent feelings of emptiness, I think it fits the both of them as an exacerbation of the other symptoms experienced. It manifests as sort of a hollowness or void-like sensation, and can create a barrier or wall separating someone from a sense of purpose, fulfillment, emotional connection, etc.

In-depth reasoning for the other factors:

Point 2: I think this is more related to the twin’s relationship with each other, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it also included Shiro, especially, for Yukio, when he was Shiro’s student. Rin and Yukio’s relationship does tend to have an intensity to it on both sides. Yukio struggles a lot with his feelings regarding Rin, in a way that Rin doesn’t. But I do think they both have a hard time with viewing the other as fully faceted person. I think this is pretty obvious with Yukio - his focus on Rin’s strength, his power, his relationships with other people. Similarly, Rin often views Yukio as a perfect person and this is either a positive thing (he’s so smart!) or a negative thing (he’s belittling me!).

I think Rin much more idealizes Yukio, and Yukio much more devalues Rin, but either way, they both kind of see each other as the “ideal” person. For Yukio, this backfires as he gets jealous and angry due to other issues and so he ends up devaluing Rin frequently because it’s the only way for him to survive his own feelings. For Rin, this backfires because he ends up hating on himself and/or getting mad at Yukio for being "perfect", which only serves to idealize Yukio even more, especially because he is not privy to the internal feelings Yukio experiences.

Point 3: An unstable sense of self often includes excessive self-criticism, feelings of guilt and/or shame, and the sense that you are “bad”. As a result, people who struggle with a sense of self may suddenly change opinions, careers, goals, and often feel like they don’t know who they are. They may lack a sense of direction in life, or feel like they don’t have purpose/reason to exist.

This is usually one of the reasons that people with BPD can become very quickly attached to other people or concepts. Since they don’t have an internal or stable sense of self, they may try to gain one through external means. When those means no longer serve them, they sever all ties to it.

They’ll struggle with emotional regulation, boundaries, trust, etc.

For Rin, this is most evident. Pretty much from infancy, people have seen him as a bad person and, despite attempts from Shiro, Yukio and other people close to him, he definitely has internalized that. He lacks self-direction and has no clear goals for his life. Even becoming Paladin isn’t really something he wants. It’s just an impulsive thing he says because he was angry. He chooses to become an exorcist because it’s the only option he has for survival and he wants to protect Yukio (before he finds out Yukio has known this whole time). Despite that, he doesn’t put as much effort as the others do into it. He doesn’t have a positive perception of himself. In fact, I think, at least in childhood, it’s through Yukio that he’s able to perceive himself positively in any way. He protects him and he feeds him and, despite all his horribleness, Yukio loves him, so he can’t be too horrible, right?

For Yukio, it’s a little more subtle. He has a clear stated goal at the start – to become a doctor – and presumably he’s still working towards that. But as the series moves on, we see that Yukio still perceives himself as a crybaby weakling, even though he’s not that child anymore. It’s a massive sore spot. He’s incredibly self-critical and self-loathing. He doesn’t seem to like himself as a person. I think a large part of him also only really sees his purpose, especially now, as being Rin’s caretaker. Which is why he gets so quickly frustrated with Rin because all that work he’d been doing to protect Rin suddenly became pointless. As soon as he discovers information about Shiro and the Order he immediately denounces the whole thing and leaves. But after confessing all his feelings to Rin, he's talked about being a teacher for the cram school again.

Point 4: Lol, does this part really need explanation? Rin’s impulsive behaviour is more obvious, but Yukio also shows impulsive behaviours in ways that could harm him. His suicide attempts, pointing a gun at Mephisto, ripping off his protective gear when he was trying to heal that kid in the Impure King arc, blowing up the airship while he was still inside, etc.

Point 5: Yukio is most obvious here. Rin, however, does show repeated suicidal/self-mutilating behaviours. Because it’s not backed by obvious thoughts of wanting to die or hurt himself, I think people tend to skim past it, and, for sure, you can certainly argue against him fitting this part. But going back to unstable sense of self and how Rin already does not like himself and has considered at different points whether or not he should exist, I do think there’s an argument to be made. He cares very little for his physical well-being, frequently getting into fights throughout childhood and intentionally putting himself in harm’s way. His healing factor also makes it easier to ignore. So I am more 50-50 on Rin with this point, but, lol, Yukio all the way!

Point 6: Rin does show a lot of rapid mood changes through the series. He expresses himself much more overtly, so they’re easier to notice. Him being sour but immediately brightening up when Shiro offers meat for dinner at the start, being excited to see Kyoto then despondent when the others ignore him then happy again when Izumo doesn’t, being panicked for Shiemi then immediately angry with Ryuuji on the train, feeling serious when going to save Yukio then happy when Yukio tells him he didn’t actually join the Illuminati, etc. Yukio, on the other hand, doesn’t really show a lot of rapid mood changes the way Rin does, and when we do have access to his inner thoughts and emotions, he doesn’t seem to show any changes. Even when he’s feigning otherwise, his emotion – usually frustration – remains steady.

Point 8: Lol, yeah. They both frequently experience intense anger. Rin has a hard time controlling it, where Yukio is better at disguising it. It’s still there though.

And to get a little more into it, let’s look at the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder. Part A states that a “moderate of greater impairment in personality functioning manifested by characteristic difficulties in two or more of the following four areas:

Identity: Markedly impoverished, poorly developed, or unstable self-image, often associated with excessive self-criticism; chronic feelings of emptiness; dissociative states under stress

Self-direction: Instability in goals, aspirations, values, or career plans

Empathy: Compromised ability to recognize the feelings and needs of others associated with interpersonal hypersensitive (i.e. prone to feel slighted or insulted); perceptions of others selectively biased toward negative attributes or vulnerabilities

Intimacy: Intense, unstable, and conflicted close relationships, marked by mistrust, neediness, and anxious preoccupation with real or imagined abandonment; close relationship often viewed in extremes of idealization and devaluation and alternating between overinvolvement and withdrawal

I think identity and intimacy are applicable for both, and self-direction is most applicable for Rin. Both have been discussed previously. Empathy is a curious one. While they’re both prone to feeling slighted or insulted, I don’t think this compromises Rin’s ability to recognize the feelings or needs of others and I’m not too sure if it does or doesn’t with Yukio. I don’t think Rin focuses his perceptions of other people selectively on their negative attributes or vulnerabilities. I think Yukio might, or would be most likely to, but can’t recall any specific moments.

Part B of BPD under the AMPD states that once part A has been satisfied, the person should showcase at least four of the following pathological personality traits, at least one of which must be Impulsivity, Risk Taking, or Hostility:

Emotional Lability: Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or out of proportion to events and circumstances

Anxiousness: Intense feelings of nervousness, tenseness, or panic, often in reaction to interpersonal stresses; worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities; feeling fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty; fears of falling apart or losing control

Separation Insecurity: Fears of rejection by – and/or separation from – significant others, associated with fears of excessive dependency and complete loss of autonomy

Depressivity: Frequent feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; difficulty recovering from such moods; pessimism about the future; pervasive shame, feelings of inferior self-worth; thoughts of suicide and suicidal behaviour

Impulsivity: Acting on the spur of the moment in response to immediate stimuli; acting on a momentary basis without a plan or consideration of outcomes; difficulty establishing or following plans; a sense of urgency and self-harming behaviour under emotional distress

Risk Taking: Engagement in dangerous, risky, and potentially self-damaging activities, unnecessarily and without regard to consequences; lack of concern for one’s limitations and denial of the reality of personal danger

Hostility: Persistent or frequent angry feelings; anger of irritability in response to minor slights and insults

For Yukio:

Anxiousness (which is also a required trait under AVPD in the AMPD)

Depressivity

Impulsivity

Hostility

For Rin:

Emotional lability

Separation insecurity

Depressivity

Impulsivity

Risk taking

Hostility

With Rin and separation insecurity, I know it specifies “significant others” but I think that specification needs to be broadened because this, to me, fits his feelings about Yukio. I think one of Rin’s biggest fears is that Yukio doesn’t need him as much as he needs Yukio. It’s pretty clear from how quick he was to be like “okay, well Yukio and I will just run away forever and if we can’t, I’ll stay with him anyway” that being separated from Yukio is not it for him. Additionally, Yukio rejecting him before leaving with Renzou – and then rejecting him a second time on the airship – causes him to freak out very intensely, and later is the reason he starts to lose the battle with his inner demon.

Additionally, some people who have more than one personality disorder find that each PD tends to be more significant in certain situations. I’ve seen some people with combo BPD-AVPD note that their AVPD tends to be most notable in general, but when they’re in a relationship, they find their BPD traits are most notable, or vice versa.

For others, they may consider one their “key” PD and the others are just tacked on, or they see the others as a consequence of the initial. Think of it as like “AVPD with BPD and OCPD.” The secondary PDs typically feeds into the initial PD, rather than existing on their own.

And that’s all I got! I hope it was clarifying.

[frozenjokes]

After years of thinking... I finally want to know what is CUBGUY and his boyfriend's MBTI aka the 16 personalities

You’ve opened Pandora’s box with this one my man because I am a psych major that HATES personality tests however that did not stop me from taking the test three times (this one which I hate specifically because the commercialization of personality tests to measure worth is evil BECAUSE THEY DONT WORK. THEY ARE NOT A GOOD MEASURE OF PERSONALITY OR WORTH AND HAVING TO TAKE THIS FUCKING FOR LITERALY JOB APPLICATIONS INSTEAD OF IT JUST BEING A FUN THING TODO IN YOUR FREE TIME IS FUCKING AURYRHEUSHDHUDUSHDJSHSJAHSUSUSJ KILLING BITING MAIMING GRAGAGSHGEHWDGSHHS I HATE. HER.) anyway. I can be normal about this subject I promise.

normal elsa: haha hey guys! I took the personality test for my ocs! yippeee!!! from left to right we have Cub, Scar, and Grian. thanks for the ask! this was fun!

but it’s not about having fun is it

so anyway I took notes. So you may have noticed some things don’t look quite right here. I mean, Cub looks fine! That’s pretty accurate even! Scar too, look at him go! … wait a minute. Grian’s not nice!!!! Or poetic!!!!!!! Is altruism even real????????????? (It is and I feel strongly about this but altruistic as an adjective to describe a person i believe is doing a disservice to the definition because what they MEAN is ‘selfless’ not altruistic but while we’re on the topic of selflessness Grian is fucking NOT)

So why did this happen. I don’t really care that the personality test got someone wrong, but I am interested in Why that happened, and why a test like this will never get a character like Grian correct.

Put simply, the answer is that this test wants to make you Feel Good. Now, having fun isn’t a crime and oftentimes personality tests are there to have fun, but the danger of something like this is that the MBTI isn’t presented as a low stakes fun activity, it’s presented as fact. Look. This is you! This is a good, objective measure of your personality, aren’t you great? You’re awesome :)! Here’s a list of vague-enough sentiments that probably apply to you based on the questions we asked. Yippee! its a really clever and extremely affective trick.

While the little blurb for Scar describes him relatively well, nearly every description of his ‘personality’ besides extroversion read pretty inaccurately, and that’s because the focus is so positive. The thing is, Grian and Scar are largely very self serving people (/neutral tone). They are often more worried about themselves than others, they’re impulsive, and that’s not all they are, but it’s pretty impossible to get at someone’s actual personality without recognizing what makes people flawed.

The closest I think the MBTI test gets to probing at this idea of potential selfishness are questions that are meant to test thinking versus feeling. Do you consider someone’s sensitivities in if they conflict with reason? Are you more concerned with facts or emotion? Logos versus pathos. That kinda stuff. But ultimately the MBTI test doesn’t really care about selfishness, it doesn’t care about flaws, it just cares about making you feel good baybe! So these neutral questions don’t really come back in any meaningful way. The MBTI is concerned about making caricatures of people, not accurately measuring their personality and that Matters because its so often treated as scientific, at least good enough to be used in consideration for jobs and work and school and all sorts of stuff.

And I could go on but the problem with modern personality tests goes so so so much deeper, even in more controlled, more science oriented fields like psychiatry. The system for diagnosing personality disorders is somewhat similar to a personality tests are at the very least aided by them, falling on a straight lined spectrum of Openness, Consciousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. But this system Sucks and everyone knows it sucks because comorbidity between clusters (A, B, C) of personality disorders is Insanely High. I wish I had the exact percentages, but I can’t quite find the information I’m looking for, but the point is that if the rate of comorbidity between different disorders is So High, how do you know these disorders are correctly defined at all? If a person more often than not has Disorder A and Disorder B at the same time, who’s to say they’re all that different at all? In general, a lot of the criteria for diagnosing a personality disorders is Really similar, so in general it’s a section of the DSM that needs a pretty massive overhaul.

I don’t envy personality psychologists man their job is Tough (and in my opinion, kind of impossible. there’s too many roadblocks in making an objective test. It is. Eugh.)

TLDR: the MBTI test is about as decisive as a fortune cookie and it literally can’t be anything more because then you would realize its lying to you. amen

[ftm-wear]

For real: Passing

“In the simple sense, a portrait of a man shows us the man as a picture – that is, as a flat piece of paper with clusters of tones from a light-sensitive emulsion. [The portrait] shows the man sitting at a piano. In a more complex way, however, […] as a brilliant man, or a profound man […]. The more complex ‘as’ requires interpretation.”

-Terry Barrett

The portrait Barrett describes also shows the man ‘as’ a man, but this no less “complex ‘as’” for him seems to be beyond interpretation. It is part of “the simple sense” of the photograph. He takes for granted that there was “a man” before the lens, that this man is now shown as a “flat piece of paper,” and the complex process of photographic signification only goes so far as to occasion different interpretations like “brilliant” or “profound man.” In other words, gender is what’s real in this photograph. In the passing moment captured in the photograph (therefore in a sense no longer passing), what’s passing is the depicted. Just like there remains something real in photographs for viewers, a stubborn reality-effect, gender attribution in Western culture still attempts to read pronouns off bodies, despite the linguistic turn, feminist and queer theorizing, surgical and hormonal bodily modification, intersex activism, and all kinds of gender-bending and transgressions. Passing for real, gendered realness, certain “kind of truths about gender” are still more often than not indispensable to entering the sphere of subjectivity and recognition. In order to be able to discuss how these issues pertain to FTM-bodies in transgender photography in chapter 3, some preliminary conceptual groundwork is needed.

The term passing as part of U.S.-American everyday parlance and as a concept in American Studies discourse originated with racial passing, and has since in both discursive arenas been applied to other presumed ‘stable’ (essentialized) identity categories “including class, ethnicity, and sexuality, as well as gender.” While all of these passings are passings, they are not identical. Passing as a conceptual term, I am arguing, needs to be explicitly fine-tuned to its specific applications, and is unproductive, if all passings are thought of as analogies of racial passing. Henry Rubin alerts us to the multidimensionality of the “economy of realness” when he writes that

[t]here are so many ways to participate in the economy of realness, even if your body is not white or your sexuality is deviant or your size does not measure up or you cannot afford to keep your wife at home.

The need for fine-tuning then emerges not least because one might be a transsexual woman also passing for white. Many theoretical concerns and observations doubtlessly apply to various forms of passing, for instance that “both the process and the discourse of passing interrogate the ontology of identity categories and their construction.” Consequently, the following discussion of passing in relation to (trans-)gender will at times both draw from more general considerations and lead to insights that might be transferable. But this is merely coincidental to my main purpose here of fine-tuning passing to an analysis of FTM-bodies in transgender photography, and explicating which questions, answers, or problems it might raise.

Consider the following quote as an example of sweeping or simplistic generalizations from certain forms of passing to all:

In the most general way, it is passing when people effectively present themselves as other than who they understand themselves to be. […] Who they understand themselves to be deliberately sidesteps a more complicated discourse over Who they are (and who or what determines who we are anyway?) or even the less complicated Who others see them as or even Who they have become. Passing never feels natural. It is a second skin that never adheres.

In relation to trans*, Kroeger’s journalistic working definition is exceedingly useless even at first sight. For transgender subjects at least, passing more often than not means precisely presenting as “who they understand themselves to be.” If in a ‘classic’ transsexual narrative, “[p]assing means to live successfully in the gender of choice, to be accepted as a ‘natural’ member of that gender,” passing is prompted by a desire to “feel natural,” or at least to enjoy the privileges that come with it. When Kroeger claims that passing “never feels natural,” she assumes that something else does, and overlooks the ways in which relations to ‘the natural’ can be vexed and uneasy, partly because they are also a matter of outward recognition and acceptance. And while transgender passing might, as e.g. the title of Jay Prosser’s seminal book Second Skins attests, be construed as a “second skin,” it is then usually the first skin that is seen as having failed to adhere in meaningful ways. Apparently, the “more complicated discourse” of the relation between passing and being that Kroeger wants to sidestep cannot be so easily evaded. Following the theoretical unraveling of any “reality of gender” by Judith Butler and others, it has become clear that

“[t]here is no ‘other’ side, no ‘opposite’ sex, no natural divide to be spanned by surgery, by disguise, by passing. We all pass or we don’t, we all wear our drag.”

SOURCE

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 39, 2024

Just do it: A neuropsychological theory of agency, cognition, mood, and dopamine. Ashby, F. G., Zetzer, H. A., Conoley, C. W., & Pickering, A. D. (2024). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 153(6), 1582–1604.

Erroneous Compensation for Long-Latency Feedback Delays as Origin of Essential Tremor. Blondiaux, F., Colmant, L., Lebrun, L., Hanseeuw, B., & Crevecoeur, F. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(25), e0069242024.

Synapse-type-specific competitive Hebbian learning forms functional recurrent networks. Eckmann, S., Young, E. J., & Gjorgjieva, J. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(25), e2305326121.

Visual Preference for Socially Relevant Spatial Relations in Humans and Monkeys. Goupil, N., Rayson, H., Serraille, É., Massera, A., Ferrari, P. F., Hochmann, J.-R., & Papeo, L. (2024). Psychological Science, 35(6), 681–693.

Bridging flexible goal-directed cognition and consciousness: The Goal-Aligning Representation Internal Manipulation theory. Granato, G., & Baldassarre, G. (2024). Neural Networks, 176, 106292.

Control of goal-directed and inflexible actions by dorsal striatal melanocortin systems, in coordination with the central nucleus of the amygdala. Heaton, E. C., Seo, E. H., Butkovich, L. M., Yount, S. T., & Gourley, S. L. (2024). Progress in Neurobiology, 238, 102629.

How we perceive the width of grasped objects: Insights into the central processes that govern proprioceptive judgements. Héroux, M. E., Fisher, G., Axelson, L. H., Butler, A. A., & Gandevia, S. C. (2024). Journal of Physiology, 602(12), 2899–2916.

Neuronal representation of visual working memory content in the primate primary visual cortex. Huang, J., Wang, T., Dai, W., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., … Xing, D. (2024). Science Advances, 10(24).

Sense of agency in operations with delays: A free-energy model and application to interface design. Isono, M., & Yanagisawa, H. (2024).Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 120–121, 102859.

Experience-dependent regulation of dopaminergic signaling in the somatosensory cortex. Jamal, T., Yan, X., Lantyer, A. da S., ter Horst, J. G., & Celikel, T. (2024). Progress in Neurobiology, 239, 102630.

Distance and grid-like codes support the navigation of abstract social space in the human brain. Liang, Z., Wu, S., Wu, J., Wang, W.-X., Qin, S., & Liu, C. (2024). eLife, 12, e89025.4.

Border cells without theta rhythmicity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Long, X., Deng, B., Shen, R., Yang, L., Chen, L., Ran, Q., … Zhang, S.-J. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(25), e2321614121.

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation over Frontal Eye Fields Mimics Attentional Modulation of Visual Processing. Misselhorn, J., Fiene, M., Radecke, J.-O., Engel, A. K., & Schneider, T. R. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(25), e1510232024.

Testing biased competition between attention shifts: The new multiple cue paradigm. Oren, F., Kyllingsbæk, S., Dupont, D., & Grünbaum, T. (2024). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 50(7), 655–682.

The arousal level of consciousness required for working memory performance: An anaesthesia study. Osaka, M., Minamoto, T., Ikeda, T., Nakae, A., Hagihira, S., Ito, H., … Mashimo, T. (2024). European Journal of Neuroscience, 59(12), 3151–3161.

Stereotypical Hippocampal Clustering Predicts Navigational Success in Virtualized Real-World Environments. Ozubko, J. D., Campbell, M., Verhayden, A., Demetri, B., Brady, M., Thorp, J., & Brunec, I. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(24), e1057232024.

Uncertainty-modulated attentional capture: Outcome variance increases attentional priority. Pearson, D., Chong, A., Chow, J. Y. L., Garner, K. G., Theeuwes, J., & Le Pelley, M. E. (2024). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 153(6), 1628–1643.

Hippocampal cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons regulate temporal coding and contextual learning. Rangel Guerrero, D. K., Balueva, K., Barayeu, U., Baracskay, P., Gridchyn, I., Nardin, M., … Csicsvari, J. (2024). Neuron, 112(12), 2045-2061.e10.

Excitatory/inhibitory motor balance reflects individual differences during joint action coordination. Vescovo, E., Cardellicchio, P., Tomassini, A., Fadiga, L., & D’Ausilio, A. (2024). European Journal of Neuroscience, 59(12), 3403–3421.

A unified framework for perceived magnitude and discriminability of sensory stimuli. Zhou, J., Duong, L. R., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(25), e2312293121.

[centrally-unplanned]

Gonna talk more about the cluster munitions thing, because I think its interesting:

Weapons are not 'special'; they do not fall into dangerous vs safe categories, no weapon is more or less morally pure than the other. Every weapon of war can be used to indiscriminately kill civilians. From this, the "level 1" reasoning would state that the use of any weapon is therefore equally contextual; you just odds-estimate the "median civilian risk" like any other weapon for its use. From this logic using say tactical nuclear weapons is fine, as it is in fact trivial and common in war to arrive at scenarios where the civilian risk of such weapons is more-or-less as low as conventional weapons.

However, humans are not civilian-risk utility maximizers, and the international order is not composed of dispassionate super-rational agents. We govern things through norms & expectations, and constantly run the risk of sunk costs and moral decay. If we allowed tactical nuclear weapons to be used in Ukraine, first off they would not stay in that "low civilian risk" category; once used the pressure to keep using them increases and the ability for them to slip into far more dangerous territory is quite high compared to conventional bombs. Secondly, it would break the norm for other countries - in Ukraine, Russia could be using tactical nuclear weapons, but are not because they know the US & EU would respond extremely harshly, maybe arming Ukraine with the same. No side wants to open those floodgates.

All of this is to say that norms in war do matter, and you don't want to break them lightly, even if there is a solid use case on the micro-level for the weapon. Building these norms takes time and we are better off for them.

Cluster munitions do not, at all, have this norm. People want it to have this norm; that is admirable, and I think there is merit to it. But those people have failed - the military applications for the munitions are too large, and 'risk profile' however you wish to define it too low, for any major military power to actually limit its use. The fact that the EU & Japan have done so is very telling, as they are the countries that virtually always conduct their military operations as part of joint operations for non-critical security concerns, and with US assistance. Actual militaries who consider themselves to face critical security threats, from China to South Korea to Iran to India, have not done this. No 'norm of war' has emerged against their use. (Some norms around minimum detonation thresholds have emerged, maybe, loosely, and ofc there are norms about how to use them, though they aren't cluster-munitions specific in the main).

So certainly shipping cluster munitions to Ukraine is a setback to those hoping to form that norm, its a real cost. But that cost is much less than violating an existing norm, Russia did not hesitate to use cluster munitions and always has in its other military operations like Chechnya. There is no risk of 'escalation', no new major military power is going to go "its time!" - they all already did that decades ago - its not going to change the status quo. Which means you can get back to the granular questions - does the Ukraine war have applications within the acceptable risk range?

Which I don't know the answer to! My instinct is yes, this war has lots of 'remote' combat sites and Ukraine has no interest in killing its own people, but I am not in the field, I do not know. But the Ukrainian Army is in the field, and my default is that they should be listened to - I would need a compelling case as to why this is a large risk escalation and I haven't seen it yet.

[multiplicity-positivity]

Here’s some positivity for systems who don’t use Simply Plural and/or PluralKit!

PluralKit and Simply Plural are both excellent tools created by and for systems, with aims to help plurals manage and organize their system, and express themselves online. However, not every system wants or is able to use these tools. These systems are still important, and aren’t any less valued members of the plural community because of the tools they use or don’t use!

If you find PluralKit or Simply Plural confusing or too challenging to learn how to use - that’s okay! It can be incredibly difficult learning how to work with a new software or application. Both PluralKit and Simply Plural are complex with lots of different features and aspects that may take quite some time to figure out. It’s okay to not use these programs due to being unable to understand them, regardless of why you’re having trouble learning about them!

If you don’t have a device that is compatible with PluralKit or Simply Plural, don’t have an email address or Discord account, or otherwise don’t have access to the tools required to run these programs - there is absolutely nothing wrong with this! If you want to use these programs, we’re so sorry that you have been unable to access them. Remember that there are no requirements to use these programs in order to be plural or a system!

If you simply don’t like these programs, have no interest in using them, or feel like they won’t be beneficial for your system - we are proud of you for understanding your system and recognizing when something popular won’t be helpful for you! Not everyone has to use or benefit from PluralKit and Simply Plural. Your validity is not connected to the tools you use to manage your system! It is perfectly fine to not like either of these tools and to avoid using them for your own comfort!

If you are a median or midcontinuum system who can’t use PluralKit or Simply Plural due to having trouble distinguishing between headmates - that is totally valid! Not everyone is going to be able to use or benefit from these programs. It makes sense that systems who are closer to singlets, are often blurry, are made up of facets, or are less separated in general may have more difficulty benefitting from these tools. There is absolutely nothing wrong with this! Your system is not any less real and your plurality isn’t any less valid simply because you have trouble using these tools.

If you can’t or don’t use PluralKit or Simply Plural for ANY reason, please know that those who do use these programs are not any better than you for choosing to use them! Each system should feel welcome to use or reject whatever tools they wish for helping, organizing, and learning about their system. You and your system are just as important and valued members of the plural community just the way you are! You don’t have to change or attempt to navigate a new program just to fit in to this community - you already belong here with or without PluralKit and Simply Plural!

We hope you and your system can take care of each other and continue to learn more about each other and grow together. Rest assured you should feel no pressure to start using tools that you’re incapable of understanding or have no interest in! The plural community should never be gatekept, and this means not excluding those who are unable or choose not to use popular tools within the community!

Remember you are loved, you are worthy of kindness and respect, and your system will always belong here! Thanks for reading, and have a great day!

(Image ID:) A pale orange userbox with a cluster of multicolored flowers for the userbox image. The border and text are both dark orange, and the text reads “all plurals can interact with this post!” (End ID.)

[sandeep2363]

ORA-15260: permission denied on ASM disk group

ORA-15032: not all alterations performed Error: While operating from the grid user in the EXADATA, We are getting this permission denied error. [grid@qr01dbadm01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jan 25 06:43:24 2024 Version 19.9.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release…

[quirkwizard]

Explain Quirk Evolution/Awakening's to me. I wanna try to develop a quirk that starts out weak that grows into a strong quirk like Koichi's Slide and Glide

So the way a Quirk grows can be boiled down into three groupings. The first is basic Evolutions. These are the result of training the Quirk, whether it's through combat or through the user undergoing specific methods to expand on it. This will be different for every Quirk, but it's generally going to involve expanding on the applications, becoming more skilled with the power, lessening weakness, expanding on the Quirk statistically. There are all kinds of examples like this across the series, though Koichi just may be the most varied we'd seen considering where his power started.

Then there are what I call Stress Evolutions. These are taking the Quirks to the highest possible limit and can only be utilized in immense physical danger, such as when the user's life or the life of another is threatened. This doesn't change what the Quirk does, just pushes it's usage to furthest level possible for a brief time. It's a lot like how people in real life gain sudden and immense strength during stressful situations, like the famous bit of a mother's baby being trapped. There are several cases like this in the series, but Izuku is by far the most famous example with his One Million Percent Smash.

Awakenings is a whole other stage of evolution. This has similar requirements to Stress Evolutions, but requires the user to undergo an extreme mental and emotional stress as well as a high profiency with the Quirk in question. Unlike Stress Evolutions, the change is permanent. What's more is that it expands on the Quirk's concept in whole new ways. If the Awakening hadn't happened, the user would not be able to pull this off. This is different from Reawkaening, where the user is regaining repressed power. Bakugou may have been an exceptional Quirk user, but I don't think he'd be able to pull off anything like Cluster had he not Awakened "Explosion".

[govindhtech]

Aible And Google Cloud: Gen AI Models Sets Business Security

Enterprise controls and generative AI for business users in real time.

Aible

With solutions for customer acquisition, churn avoidance, demand prediction, preventive maintenance, and more, Aible is a pioneer in producing business impact from AI in less than 30 days. Teams can use AI to extract company value from raw enterprise data. Previously using BigQuery’s serverless architecture to save analytics costs, Aible is now working with Google Cloud to provide users the confidence and security to create, train, and implement generative AI models on their own data.

The following important factors have surfaced as market awareness of generative AI’s potential grows:

Enabling enterprise-grade control

Businesses want to utilize their corporate data to allow new AI experiences, but they also want to make sure they have control over their data to prevent unintentional usage of it to train AI models.

Reducing and preventing hallucinations

The possibility that models may produce illogical or non-factual information is another particular danger associated with general artificial intelligence.

Empowering business users

Enabling and empowering business people to utilize gen AI models with the least amount of hassle is one of the most beneficial use cases, even if gen AI supports many enterprise use cases.

Scaling use cases for gen AI

Businesses need a method for gathering and implementing their most promising use cases at scale, as well as for establishing standardized best practices and controls.

Regarding data privacy, policy, and regulatory compliance, the majority of enterprises have a low risk tolerance. However, given its potential to drive change, they do not see postponing the deployment of Gen AI as a feasible solution to market and competitive challenges. As a consequence, Aible sought an AI strategy that would protect client data while enabling a broad range of corporate users to swiftly adapt to a fast changing environment.

In order to provide clients complete control over how their data is used and accessed while creating, training, or optimizing AI models, Aible chose to utilize Vertex AI, Google Cloud’s AI platform.

Enabling enterprise-grade controls 

Because of Google Cloud’s design methodology, users don’t need to take any more steps to ensure that their data is safe from day one. Google Cloud tenant projects immediately benefit from security and privacy thanks to Google AI products and services. For example, protected customer data in Cloud Storage may be accessed and used by Vertex AI Agent Builder, Enterprise Search, and Conversation AI. Customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) can be used to further safeguard this data.

With Aible‘s Infrastructure as Code methodology, you can quickly incorporate all of Google Cloud’s advantages into your own applications. Whether you choose open models like LLama or Gemma, third-party models like Anthropic and Cohere, or Google gen AI models like Gemini, the whole experience is fully protected in the Vertex AI Model Garden.

In order to create a system that may activate third-party gen AI models without disclosing private data outside of Google Cloud, Aible additionally collaborated with its client advisory council, which consists of Fortune 100 organizations. Aible merely transmits high-level statistics on clusters which may be hidden if necessary instead of raw data to an external model. For instance, rather of transmitting raw sales data, it may communicate counts and averages depending on product or area.

This makes use of k-anonymity, a privacy approach that protects data privacy by never disclosing information about groups of people smaller than k. You may alter the default value of k; the more private the information transmission, the higher the k value. Aible makes the data transmission even more secure by changing the names of variables like “Country” to “Variable A” and values like “Italy” to “Value X” when masking is used.

Mitigating hallucination risk

It’s crucial to use grounding, retrieval augmented generation (RAG), and other strategies to lessen and lower the likelihood of hallucinations while employing gen AI. Aible, a partner of Built with Google Cloud AI, offers automated analysis to support human-in-the-loop review procedures, giving human specialists the right tools that can outperform manual labor.

Using its auto-generated Information Model (IM), an explainable AI that verifies facts based on the context contained in your structured corporate data at scale and double checks gen AI replies to avoid making incorrect conclusions, is one of the main ways Aible helps eliminate hallucinations.

Hallucinations are addressed in two ways by Aible’s Information Model:

It has been shown that the IM helps lessen hallucinations by grounding gen AI models on a relevant subset of data.

To verify each fact, Aible parses through the outputs of Gen AI and compares them to millions of responses that the Information Model already knows.

This is comparable to Google Cloud’s Vertex AI grounding features, which let you link models to dependable information sources, like as your company’s papers or the Internet, to base replies in certain data sources. A fact that has been automatically verified is shown in blue with the words “If it’s blue, it’s true.” Additionally, you may examine a matching chart created only by the Information Model and verify a certain pattern or variable.

The graphic below illustrates how Aible and Google Cloud collaborate to provide an end-to-end serverless environment that prioritizes artificial intelligence. Aible can analyze datasets of any size since it leverages BigQuery to efficiently analyze and conduct serverless queries across millions of variable combinations. One Fortune 500 client of Aible and Google Cloud, for instance, was able to automatically analyze over 75 datasets, which included 150 million questions and answers with 100 million rows of data. That assessment only cost $80 in total.

Aible may also access Model Garden, which contains Gemini and other top open-source and third-party models, by using Vertex AI. This implies that Aible may use AI models that are not Google-generated while yet enjoying the advantages of extra security measures like masking and k-anonymity.

All of your feedback, reinforcement learning, and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) data are safely stored in your Google Cloud project and are never accessed by Aible.

Read more on Govindhtech.com

[dollar2host]

The Benefits of Cloud Hosting for Small Business

In the past, hosting websites and apps just required paying a digital platform provider to rent out a single server or computing cluster. Services for web hosting have existed for as long as the internet. Over the past ten years, cloud hosting where the website or application resides on virtual servers dispersed across the cloud has emerged as a popular way to make digital assets accessible online.

A worldwide content delivery network can be connected to by Google Cloud to provide customers with optimal speed and minimal latency when serving material, or a domain can be registered and managed. Google Cloud also provides a range of hosting options for websites and applications.

What is cloud hosting?

Your data is stored on several servers rather than on a single server, which is what is meant by the term "cloud hosting." The term "cloud" refers to this network of several servers that collaborate to form the network. Cloud hosting services are currently being utilized by a multitude of businesses, both large and small. An investment of this kind is definitely worth the rewards, and it has the potential to achieve great things for your company.

You will have a single platform from which you can manage all of your applications and databases, which will allow you to streamline your operations. The productivity of your firm can also be improved by making an investment in cloud infrastructure resources. The various advantages of cloud hosting will be discussed in further depth in the following paragraphs.

Cloud hosting’s Significance for Small Businesses-

Adopting cloud computing has becoming increasingly important for small organizations. It helps small businesses to avoid the high initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs of having internal IT infrastructure. Small businesses can now access advanced technologies and capabilities that were previously exclusive to large organizations by utilizing the cloud.

What are the applications of cloud computing?

Although you might not be aware of it, there is a good chance that you are currently utilizing cloud computing. Whether you use an online service such as Gmail or Outlook 365 to send an email, collaborate on a document, save data, or stream a video, cloud computing makes it feasible behind the scenes to do all of these things.

Cloud Hosting:

Cloud hosting services make it possible to share a variety of information, such as using email services, hosting applications, using web-based phone systems, and storing data. Hosting your company's website, managing databases, and storing domain names are all things that may be done with a cloud hosting service. The fact that cloud hosting services are located offsite makes it simple to scale up in order to handle peak loads.

Backup services:

Backup services in the cloud are failsafe solutions that can be utilized in the event that your company suffers a server disaster, cyberattack, or other type of data loss. Storage, data synchronization and restoration, real-time backups, archiving, and a high level of security are all features that are included in the top cloud backup services. A great number of cloud storage firms now offer cloud backup and storage capabilities.

Storage in the cloud:

Cloud services guarantee that your data is stored in a cloud storage system that is located offsite, making it more convenient to access from any device or place that is linked to the internet. In cloud storage, you are able to securely exchange information with others and synchronize files across several devices. Companies such as Dropbox, Microsoft OneDrive, and Google Drive are examples of well-known cloud storage services.

Software as a service

Software as a service, also known as SaaS, is a solution for the distribution of applications that is hosted in the computer's cloud. SaaS solutions can be utilized by businesses in a variety of operational domains. For instance, you may adopt software for customer relationship management (CRM) that is hosted on the cloud, such as Salesforce, for the purpose of managing sales, accounting software, such as QuickBooks Online, for managing finances, and email marketing software for improving marketing communications.

Cloud Solutions' Advantages for Small Businesses-

Affordable

Small firms can minimize their expenditures on hardware, software licenses, and information technology by switching to cloud-based services, which results in cost savings. Companies that provide cloud computing services often provide a pay-as-you-go approach, which enables organizations to only pay for the resources and services that they actually employ.

Protection of Sensitive Information and Disaster Recovery

Cloud service companies adopt stringent security procedures to protect vulnerable information. In addition to this, they provide solutions for disaster recovery and automatic backups, which serves to ensure that vital corporate information is safeguarded, quickly recoverable, and less likely to be lost.

Scalability:

Cloud hosting solutions enable small businesses to swiftly scale their operations up or down as needed without the inconvenience and expense of physically upgrading their gear and software. Scalability includes the ability to scale up or down activities. This flexibility enables adaptability and growth prospects, both of which are essential in a market that is very competitive.

Advantage in the Market

Cloud hosting solutions give small firms the ability to compete on an equal playing field with larger organizations, which gives them a competitive advantage. It is possible for them to obtain insights, streamline operations, and make decisions based on data without breaking the bank by utilizing sophisticated software, analytics tools, and advanced information technology.

Flexibility

As a result of the fact that all that is required to access the cloud is an internet connection, one of the advantages of cloud hosting is that it provides direct remote access to the data that is pertinent to all of your employees, including yourself. If you run a small business, it's possible that you don't have the financial resources to purchase a dedicated office space. People are able to work from any location they choose thanks to this cloud-based technology. Having the ability to operate from a remote location is more important than ever before for the success of a company, especially in light of the recent epidemic.

Increased Capacity for Collaboration and Adaptability

Cloud solutions enable small businesses to communicate with remote team members, clients, and partners in a seamless manner, which helps improve the flexibility and collaboration capabilities of these firms. It makes it possible to share files in real time, modify them simultaneously, and gain access to the most recent versions of documents, all of which contribute to increased productivity and efficiency.

The Most Recent Technology

Cloud hosting eliminates the need for you to worry about the possibility of automatically upgrading and customizing your servers, in contrast to traditional hosting, which does not permit such activities. Scalability is something that may be easily achieved as your company expands and your requirements and preferences shift.

Because cloud hosting businesses are experts in this kind of technology, this is something that can be easily accomplished. Since they have access to more resources, they are able to undertake research and construct systems that are more robust and powerful. You will have access to the most cutting-edge technologies available if you make an investment in cloud infrastructure.

Very little to no upkeep is required

Recall what I mentioned earlier regarding the safety concerns associated with cloud computing. That being said, a portion of that security necessitates the routine maintenance of servers, the updating of software, and the administration of networks. The good news is that cloud computing relieves you of the responsibility of doing all of that upkeep and instead places it in the hands of skilled specialists.

Because none of the equipment is hosted by you, you do not need to be concerned about purchasing newer versions of it every three to four years. You are not required to deal with any of that maintenance, which frees up more time for your firm to concentrate on the product or service that it offers.

Remote access

When it comes to cloud computing, your email account is the ideal illustration. Providing that you have your login credentials and an internet connection, you are able to access your consolidated email account from any computer. Cloud computing is appealing to a majority of businesses because of the convenience it provides. Your colleagues and you will be able to access your work from any location in the globe thanks to the cloud, which eliminates the need to store your work on a desktop computer or on a local area network (LAN) server that is not linked to the internet. Your productivity and freedom in your workspace will both increase as a result of this remote access.

Conclusion-

Through the simplification of procedures and the facilitation of real-time collaboration among members of a team, cloud computing has the potential to boost both efficiency and productivity. It is possible for teams to collaborate effectively regardless of their geographical location or the time zone differences between them if they have shared access to documents and files. In addition, many cloud-based services provide automation technologies that reduce the amount of manual work that employees have to perform, such as data entry or report production. This allows employees to concentrate on high-value tasks that contribute to the success of the company.

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[schizochroal]

Nirou-ki phonology

Nirou-ki as a Rouan language, from the Central Nirouan language family, has a comparatively simpler phonology than many other Niuri languages, and even more so as a factor of its status as a composite, national lingua franca, compared to other languages related to it. It uses the a variant on the same Matonare-ki writing system that most languages in Nirou use, which in the case of Nirou-ki includes 21 characters, which can variably represent consonants, vowels, or syllables, depending on their position in a word and some diacritic markings. While not phonemic, the orthography preserves a variety of phonotactic rules in standard Nirou-ki that would otherwise be obscured by a more alphabetic system, and additionally, as a lingua franca and administrative mostly spoken as a second or third language, the consistency of the writing system is more important than its direct correspondence with the spoken standard.

Nirou-ki phonology, is overall, typical of Central Nirouan languages, and like most languages in that family, has a small number of vowels, a relatively large number of consonants, limited consonant clusters, and restrictions of which consonants can be word initial or final. Like other Niuri languages, it lacks a tone system outside of syllable stress. Central Nirouan languages, as a whole, have harmonization that is typically fixed, and in Rouan languages both vowels and consonants can be harmonized.

Harmonization, called surimyra in Nirou-ki, is a feature unique to Niuri languages, although it is not present in some language families (most notably the Nicrean languages and the Pelani languages, its presence in East Shardian Languages is debatable), and specifically involves the application of a specific sound quality to vowels, consonants, or whole syllables. This sound quality can vary, and in that regard be used lexically or grammatically, as in Kaitian languages, but in Nirou-ki this feature is fixed to each phoneme, and outside of a few phonotactic exceptions each vowel and consonant is always pronounced with the same harmonization. As a feature, harmonization is generally considered to be distinctive to the Niuri Mesai vocal tract, and can only be approximated by humans. While these approximations are critical in learning Kaitian languages, they are less important in Nirou-ki or other related languages, because the harmonization is fixed to specific phonemes, even without using it the language is still almost perfectly intelligible. Phonemes in Nirou-ki can have either one of two "harmony marks" (suri ka) or be unmarked, meaning they lack any harmonization when spoken. The two harmony markings in Nirou-ki are simply called first mark and second mark, and these names correspond to the symbols in the characters which mark the harmonization of the "dominant" sound of that character. In theory, all three of these states are distinct, but in practice the second mark is much more subtle than the the first mark, and even in Niur most second language speakers don't pronounce it. This makes it very approachable for foreign learners, and human learners in general, as in all but one case harmonization is largely unnecessary to distinguish phonemes, and the "human accented" speaker is capable of communicating without any real impairment or approximations needed.

There are six vowels in Nirou-ki, which are romanized as /a u y o i e/, these romanizations each correspond to a single Nirou-ki character, romanized as /am/, /aru/, /myr/, /on/, /shi/ and /are/, respectively. All vowels have either a first or second harmony marking, those with the first marking are /a y o e/ while those with the second marking are /u i/. Uniquely, the vowels /a/, /y/ and /o/ can "share" their tone marking to the consonants m and n, respectively, when they are present in the specific syllabic form (in the forms /am/ or /myr/, /m/ which normally is unmarked is given the first harmony mark, while in the form /on/, /n/ which normally has the second harmony mark is given the first instead). These are the only situations wherein a consonant can have a different harmony mark. As mesai have a different articulatory physiology than humans, all IPA values for Niuri phonemes are approximations, but most of these are approximations in Nirou-ki are at least acoustically similar. Those with a simple approximation are [a] for /a/, [u] for /u/, [ɒ] for /o/, and [e] for /e/. However /y/ and /i/ are more difficult to transcribe to IPA, as without harmony marking their allophonic variation heavily overlaps. The closest valuation for both would be [i], although typically /i/ is realized as sounding, to human ears, as a slightly less closed sound, in between [i] and [ɪ], but still closer to [i]. This difference is often exaggerated by human speakers unable of approximating harmonization, rendering /i/ more uniformly as [ɪ] to distinguish the vowels, and this technique is even taught in some Nirou-ki classes.

In addition to being used as a vowel, /y/ is also used as an approximate [j], and in Nirou-ki these sounds are treated as equivalent rather than a separate consonantal value, and depending on the transformation of a word it can switch from one usage to another. Functionally, this also serves to palatalize consonants it is placed adjacent to, a feature called "vowel coloring" in the context of Central Nirouan languages. In other languages in the family, including some languages ancestral to Nirou-ki, vowel coloring of consonants was also possible with other first mark vowels, especially /o/. In Nirou-ki, only those consonants which have second mark or unmarked harmony can be "colored" by /y/, and rather than losing the harmonization, this is pronounced as shifting from one harmonization to the other in the space of a single phoneme. This is mirrored by diphthongs, which can usually only be formed between first mark and second mark vowels. The regular diphthongs are /au/, /ou/, /ai/, and /oi/. However, there is one irregular diphthong that exists largely as a result of the loss of /o/ vowel coloring in modern Nirou-ki. While most such irregularities resulted in the disappearance of the /o/ vowel entirely, in words ending with a syllable an /o/ colored constant followed by the vowel /y/, the /o/ instead reemerged as a vowel while retaining the same syllable length, creating the unique, irregular diphthong /oy/, without a change in harmonization. This "rule breaking" is one of the most distinctive features of Nirou-ki and its closest linguistic relatives, compared to other languages in its family. Non-diphthong sequences of vowels are allowed between some vowels with the same harmony markings, as well as in cases where a second marked vowel precedes a first marked vowel.

Consonants in Nirou-ki are mostly capable of being approximated in IPA and human speech, although with some complications. The unvoiced stops /t/, /k/, and /p/ are all simply represented as [t], [k], and [p]. The unvoiced fricatives /f/, /th/, /s/ and /sh/ also translate somewhat closely to [ɸ], [θ], [s], and [ʃ]. The unvoiced affricate /ch/ is properly [kʃ], as it is the coarticulation of the two consonants /k/ and /sh/, although this makes it a difficult phoneme for human mouths. The "voiced" consonants however, are quite a bit more complex, as these are not produced from unvoiced consonants in the same way as in most human languages. The least complex of these relationships are those with /z/ and /j/, which were introduced in Nirou-ki thru interactions with other languages. The first, /z/, is a sound that can be somewhat approximated with the sequence [vz], and is sometimes described as being in-between [v] and [z], while /j/ can be seen as the voiced version of /ch/, being approximately [gʒ].

Of the remaining consonants, /d/ and /b/ both have relationships with other consonants obvious in their Nirou-ki orthography, the character /be/ (/b/) being composed of the characters /on/ (/o/) and /ta/ (/t/)conjoined, while /de/ (/d/) appears to be an inverted /lek/ (/l/) with a second harmony mark instead of a first harmony mark. Both of these are the result of decisions made when the Kaitian script was being adapted for Nirouan languages, but are indictive of the fact that these phonemes are related very differently than those in human languages. The closest approximation of /b/ in IPA is likely [ⱱ], the voiced labiodental tap, but sounds more like a coarticulation of that and [t]. Meanwhile, /d/ when spoken tends to sound most similar, acoustically, to a voiceless alveolar implosive [ɗ̥], although softer. Finally, /l/ itself is difficult to represent partially because of the strong influence of its harmonization affecting its sound, the closest analogue being perhaps an unvoiced [ʟ].

The nasal phonemes in Nirou-ki are of course affected by the very different nasal structure of mesai compared to humans, and are distinguished by a quality of sounding , to human ears, both voiced and unvoiced, /m/ sounding between [ɱ̊] and [ɱ] while /n/ sounds between [n̥] and [n]. This quality extends to /nr/ and /r/, the last two consonants with distinct written representations in Nirou-ki and its romanization. The first of these sounds, /nr/, is difficult to transcribe exactly, it can be thought of as the simultaneous realization of [ŋ̊], [ɻ], and [ʀ], while /r/ itself contains both a trill and an approximate, both of which sound indeterminate between alveolar and uvular as a consequence of the harmonization.

Consonant clusters of two consonants are present in native Nirou-ki words, although loanwords can have longer clusters. To be sounded together, these clusters must either be composed of a marked and unmarked consonant, or two unmarked consonants, with one exceptions, /k-r/, which is the result of a sound change resulting in the loss of a vowel. Clusters in loanwords are not as strictly subject to these rules, but many are still changed to fit to them especially if they aren't proper names.

Consonant clusters additionally, in native words, are generally restricted to being either at the beginning of a syllable or the end. The native syllable-initial consonant clusters are /k-r/, /k-s/, /k-z/, /k-th/, /t-l/, /t-s/, /m-r/ and /m-l/ while the syllable-final clusters are /sh-t/, /ch-t/, /k-t/, /l-t/, /th-k/ and /s-k/.

Syllables may be structured as either CVC, CV, VC, V, CCVC, or CVCC but native syllables are generally not CCVCC. When diphthongs are present in syllables they can be in the form CVV, or CCVV, or CVVC. While vowels are not restricted in their syllable position, only some consonants are allowed to end syllables, which other than the aforementioned clusters are /t/, /k/, /n/, /m/, /s/, /z/, /th/, /p/ ,/l/, /sh/ and /r/. Additionally, when in a syllable initial position, /th/ can only precede /y/ or /e/.

In addition to these general rules, there are some phonotactic restrictions on consonants, especially when in a syllable final position. Only /t/, /k/ and /sh/ can end syllables with a diphthong, and they along with /n/ and /th/, and the final consonant clusters, are the only consonants that can follow any vowel. Of the other consonants, /m/ can follow only /a/, /p/ can follow /a/ /e/ and /i/, /s/ can follow /a/ /e/ and /y/, /r/ can follow /a/ /u/ and /y/, /l/ can follow /a/ /y/ /o/ and /e/, while /z/ can only follow /y/.

Nirou-ki words can be many syllables long, but there is a general pattern that most words longer than two syllables tend to have simpler syllable construction. Syllable stress is irregular in spoken speech, but is indicated in the writing system: the last character written in syllable form with a second marked harmonization always take the primary stress of a word; in the case of /aru/ this stress falls on the /a/, if no second marked syllable form character is present, stress falls on the last first marked syllable form character present. If neither is present, stress falls on the first syllable. When two words are combined, as can happen relatively freely, the stress pattern changes accordingly. That said, stress patterns are one of the most variable parts of Nirou-ki between accents, especially among native speakers.

[amparol12]

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[ereemos]

my not-so-comprehensive list (very personal 3am opinion) on books about how to deal with someone with bpd (i’m sure this is applicable to other conditions)

it’s very difficult to deal with a mentally ill oved one, and no matter how much suffering they’re in, the pain it causes those around them is not to be discounted.

this pain can stem from not understanding certain behaviours, fear for their loved one’s wellbeing, seeing someone act violently towards others or themselves, powerlessness, etc.

i whole heartedly believe that these people deserve support too, and that their experience is valid and important to verbalise.

either way, sometimes this can be taken to the extreme, where the person suffering for their loved one starts feeling like “the real victim” and this creates extra stigma, this post being about bpd, an already incredibly stigmatised disorder (both in and out of the medical community).

how do i support my loved one with bpd, or find resources to help myself get through this situation, or understand my loved one better, without falling for evil-bpd-manipulator-woman-propaganda?

look no further! i’ve read enough bpd self help book for loved ones, to be able to tell you what to look out for. i’m sure there’s good ones out there, haven’t seen a single one though ! hah! (only because my mum buys them btw, i promise they exist)

WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR … in a shitty book

- “most cases of bpd are caused by childhood trauma, but not your child, you are a good parent” books that use this sort of language seem more like they’re trying to reassure someone who is, most likely, a contributing factor to their child’s bpd

when the book is more about self help than it is about therapy… any book framed as self help, i’d stray from. you are not qualified to talk about bpd in this setting.

when the actual victim seems to be treated as an abuser, or written about like an annoying ex who won’t stop texting you, miiight be a sign someone doesn’t care about how people are treated, just wants to make their readers like they need a cuddle.

when they start talking about wanting to expand bpd criteria and diagnosing bpd in minors - why are you talking about this in a self help book - you’re spreading medical misinformation by mixing official diagnostic criteria with your own personal (BIASED) theories, seems like every patient you don’t like has bpd…

w hen the main “how to help a bpd sufferer” is just “give up on trying to help them, they’ll never amount to anything, think about yourself” HUH

too much personal judgement . you’re writing about a disorder .

look at the authors bibliography! are they self help authors who have written nothing other than “how to leave your ex boyfriend behind” “how to be happy in 10 steps” or maybe actual doctors whose mainstream published works include “how my bpd wife ruined my life” “the real victims of bpd” etc???

personal pet peeve, but people talk about bpd patients as only being women. rubs me the wrong way, especially, with the bod/hysteria parallels.

emphasis on either fixing the patient or cutting ties with them/ letting them live an unfulfilling life “because that’s just how they are”

(tl;dr keep away from self help books, as a society we have moved past the need of self help book-capitalism--self-affirming-pseudo therapy)

RESOURCES TO HELP YOURSELF OR A LOVED ONE WITH BPD

DBT !!! there’s so many free resources out there, exercises, pdfs etc, its really worth looking into!

research BPD on your own, looking at multiple sources, both medical and personal experiences, and remember that if you’ve been abused by someone with a cluster b personality disorder, that doesn’t make everyone with the same illness a monster

readings that emphasise on how to deal with situations (still, DBT is useful for this), how to de-escalate a meltdown by behaving empathetically, protecting your peace and your loved one’s, rather than trying to “fix” them.

it is important to hold people accountable for their actions: people with bpd are people, not just victims. Having tough conversations w sufferers can be hard. consider contacting an actual therapist, when things are too much to handle.

there is no shame in going no contact if the person is genuinely abusive, or dealing w them is beyond your abilities. you are not their psychiatrist.

keep in mind that psychology and psychiatry and constantly evolving, and what is a diagnosis today may be laughable in 10 years time ! (just look at the history of bpd)

this post was specifically written for my mother but i just had to put it out there i hate self help books i hate them it’s so much worse than telling me “have you tried yoga?” because yoga actually helps, unlike self help books, which are making psychology and mental illness a big soup of buzzwords to pick out and capitalise on! hmm what will it be today? narcissistic abuse? how to handle your autistic child? soooo sick and tired . stop making money off of me. give me money if you want but stop exploiting disordered individuals.

thanks for reading, sorry for the long post/ramble, it’s 3am