#Ubuntu firewall

[mohit-mathur]

### The Benefits of Using Ubuntu Over Microsoft Windows in context of Today's Microsoft Outage

In the ever-evolving world of technology, choosing the right operating system (OS) can significantly impact your productivity, security, and overall user experience. While Microsoft Windows has long been a dominant player in the market, an increasing number of users are turning to Ubuntu for its robust security features and cost-effective solutions. Today, we delve into why Ubuntu is a superior…

[nixcraft]

Linux host firewall:

nftables - low-level way to manage the firewall on modern distros. It is a replacement for iptables

iptables- legacy firewall

East to use fronted - manage your nftables or iptables using GUI, CLI, or web fronted. Typical examples are ufw, gufw, Guarddog, FWBuilder, firewalld, firewall-config, etc. Both nftables & IPtables are part of Netfilter. For most users, choosing fronted, such as ufw command or firewalld is recommended.

OR

[blogdainformatica]

Como permitir conexão de uma porta no Ubuntu 22

Algumas distribuições de Linux utilizam o firewal UFW (chamado de firewall descomplicado, Uncomplicated Firewall) que é basicamente uma interface para o iptables. Quando ele está ativo na sua distribuição, ele bloqueia praticamente tudo. Para sabermos se está ativo, basta digitar o comando $ ufw status Possíveis respostas do UFW Status: active Quando o firewall está ativo, em seguida temos…

[warningsine]

All right, since I bombarded a poor mutual yesterday...

Privacy is not security and security is not privacy. These terms are not interchangeable, but they are intrinsically linked.

While we're at this, anonymity =/= security either. For example, Tor provides the former, but not necessarily the latter, hence using Https is always essential.

It is impossible to have privacy without security, but you can have security without privacy.

A case in point is administrators being able to view any data they want due to their full-access rights to a system. That being said, there are ethics and policies that usually prevent such behavior.

Some general tips:

Operating System: Switch to Linux. Ubuntu and Linux Mint are widely used for a reason. Fedora too. And don't worry! You can keep your current operating system, apps and data. If you're on a Mac computer, you can easily partition your hard drive or SSD by using Disk Utility. If you're on Windows, you can follow this guide.

You want to go a step further? Go with Whonix or Tails. They're Linux distributions as well, but they're both aiming for security, not beauty so the interface might not be ideal for everyone. Many political activists and journalists use them.

You want anonymity? Then you need to familiarize yourself with Tor. Also, Tor and HTTPS and Tor’s weaknesses. When you're using it, don't log in to sites like Google, Facebook, Twitter etc. and make sure to stay away from Java and Javascript, because those things make you traceable.

Alternatives for dealing with censorship? i2p and Freenet.

Is ^ too much? Welp. All right. Let's see. The first step is to degoogle.

Switch to a user-friendly browser like Firefox (or better yet LibreWolf), Brave or Vivaldi. There are plenty of hardened browsers, but they can be overwhelming for a beginner.

Get an ad blocker like Ublock Origin.

Search Engine? StartPage or Duckduckgo. SearXNG too. Like I said degoogle.

Get a PGP encrypted e-mail. Check Protonmail out.

There's also Tutamail that doesn't cover PGP, but uses hybrid encryption that avoids some of the cons of PGP.

Skiff mail is also a decent option.

Use an e-mail aliasing service such as SimpleLogin or AnonAddy.

Check OpenPGP out. Claws Mail is a good e-mail client for Windows and Linux, Thunderbird for Mac OS.

Gpg4win is free and easy to use for anyone that wants to encrypt/decrypt e-mails.

Instead of Whatsapp, Facebook messenger, Telegram etc. use Signal for your encrypted insant messaging, voice and video calls.

Get a metadata cleaner.

Get a firewall like Opensnitch, Portmaster or Netguard which can block Internet for trackers.

Alternatively, go with a private DNS that blocks these trackers. NextDNS is a good paid service. Rethink a good free option.

Replace as many of your applications as you can with FOSS (free and open source) ones. Alternativeto can help you.

Always have automatic updates on. They are annoying af, I know, but they are necessary.

Keep your distance from outdated software.

Always have two-factor authentication (2FA) enabled.

Do not use your administrator account for casual stuff. If you're on Linux, you probably know you can be sudo, but not root.

On Linux distributions use AppArmor, but stay away from random antivirus scanners. Other distributions default to SELinux, which is less suited to a beginner.

Never repeat your passwords. If you can't remember them all, use a password manager like KeePass.

Encrypt your drive.

Honestly, VPNs have their uses and ProtonVPN, Mullvad and Windscribe are decent, but eh. If you don't trust your ISP, why would you trust the VPN provider that claims they don't log you when you can't verify such a thing?

[evil-ubuntu]

Dear Mx. Evil-Ubuntu,

I am a big fan of your blog and various nefarious works.

I would like to learn more about "legal" torrenting. Do you have any pointers/ resources you would be willing to share to get me started on the wrong path?

Im currently running docker on debian on proxmox on a small homelab, but that's the extent of my knowledge.

Thanks in advance!

pirate bay>first link that seems remotely related>run on your machine.

Simple as that. Disable your firewall, disable your ad blocker, disable your vpn, disable your antivirus, you'll be good to go.

Don't seed. Seeding is a scam invented by Ted Stevens to clog tubes.

[digitaldetoxworld]

Building Your Own Operating System: A Beginner’s Guide

An operating system (OS) is an essential component of computer systems, serving as an interface between hardware and software. It manages system resources, provides services to users and applications, and ensures efficient execution of processes. Without an OS, users would have to manually manage hardware resources, making computing impractical for everyday use.

Lightweight operating system for old laptops

Functions of an Operating System

Operating systems perform several crucial functions to maintain system stability and usability. These functions include:

1. Process Management

 The OS allocates resources to processes and ensures fair execution while preventing conflicts. It employs algorithms like First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS), Round Robin, and Shortest Job Next (SJN) to optimize CPU utilization and maintain system responsiveness.

2. Memory Management

The OS tracks memory usage and prevents memory leaks by implementing techniques such as paging, segmentation, and virtual memory. These mechanisms enable multitasking and improve overall system performance.

3. File System Management

It provides mechanisms for reading, writing, and deleting files while maintaining security through permissions and access control. File systems such as NTFS, FAT32, and ext4 are widely used across different operating systems.

4. Device Management

 The OS provides device drivers to facilitate interaction with hardware components like printers, keyboards, and network adapters. It ensures smooth data exchange and resource allocation for input/output (I/O) operations.

5. Security and Access Control

 It enforces authentication, authorization, and encryption mechanisms to protect user data and system integrity. Modern OSs incorporate features like firewalls, anti-malware tools, and secure boot processes to prevent unauthorized access and cyber threats.

6. User Interface

 CLI-based systems, such as Linux terminals, provide direct access to system commands, while GUI-based systems, such as Windows and macOS, offer intuitive navigation through icons and menus.

Types of Operating Systems

Operating systems come in various forms, each designed to cater to specific computing needs. Some common types include:

1. Batch Operating System

These systems were widely used in early computing environments for tasks like payroll processing and scientific computations.

2. Multi-User Operating System

 It ensures fair resource allocation and prevents conflicts between users. Examples include UNIX and Windows Server.

3. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

RTOS is designed for time-sensitive applications, where processing must occur within strict deadlines. It is used in embedded systems, medical devices, and industrial automation. Examples include VxWorks and FreeRTOS.

4  Mobile Operating System

Mobile OSs are tailored for smartphones and tablets, offering touchscreen interfaces and app ecosystems. 

5  Distributed Operating System

Distributed OS manages multiple computers as a single system, enabling resource sharing and parallel processing. It is used in cloud computing and supercomputing environments. Examples include Google’s Fuchsia and Amoeba.

Popular Operating Systems

Several operating systems dominate the computing landscape, each catering to specific user needs and hardware platforms.

1. Microsoft Windows

 It is popular among home users, businesses, and gamers. Windows 10 and 11 are the latest versions, offering improved performance, security, and compatibility.

2. macOS

macOS is Apple’s proprietary OS designed for Mac computers. It provides a seamless experience with Apple hardware and software, featuring robust security and high-end multimedia capabilities.

3. Linux

Linux is an open-source OS favored by developers, system administrators, and security professionals. It offers various distributions, including Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian, each catering to different user preferences.

4. Android

It is based on the Linux kernel and supports a vast ecosystem of applications.

5. iOS

iOS is Apple’s mobile OS, known for its smooth performance, security, and exclusive app ecosystem. It powers iPhones and iPads, offering seamless integration with other Apple devices.

Future of Operating Systems

The future of operating systems is shaped by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and edge computing. Some key trends include:

1. AI-Driven OS Enhancements

AI-powered features, such as voice assistants and predictive automation, are becoming integral to modern OSs. AI helps optimize performance, enhance security, and personalize user experiences.

2. Cloud-Based Operating Systems

Cloud OSs enable users to access applications and data remotely. Chrome OS is an example of a cloud-centric OS that relies on internet connectivity for most functions.

3. Edge Computing Integration

With the rise of IoT devices, edge computing is gaining importance. Future OSs will focus on decentralized computing, reducing latency and improving real-time processing.

4. Increased Focus on Security

Cyber threats continue to evolve, prompting OS developers to implement advanced security measures such as zero-trust architectures, multi-factor authentication, and blockchain-based security.

[autolenaphilia]

Speaking of computer security, this is kinda what I have learned about after doing some research.

Really the best way to secure your computer is to use Linux, not Windows with an anti-virus. Part of it is that far less malware is developed for Linux, but more so that Linux systems are more securely designed than Windows in various ways.

You don't need an anti-virus in Linux, and at this point I don't think there are any commercial anti-viruses that sell Linux desktop antiviruses, although there used to be (ESET and Sophos apparently had Linux desktop versions that are now discontinued).

Still there are additional steps on Linux to make yourself safe, like configuring a firewall. I think most distros come with a built-in firewall, although not always with it turned on by default or with a GUI. For example, Ubuntu and its many derivatives (which account for a lot of popular distros) use a "uncomplicated fire wall" or ufw and you can install a gui for it called gufw. Linux Mint, which I use came with a GUI firewall settings by default and recommendations for which settings to use.

To stay safe while using the internet, use Firefox, it has some built-in adblocking and malware blocking by default, but you really should install the ublock origin extension, which blocks not just ads but also malware, and a lot of online ads of course contain malware. The version on Chrome is nerfed at best.

There are malware scanners for Linux, chiefly the free and opensource Clamav, it's command line by default, but the clamtk wrapper can provide it with a gui. Do a quick scan of stuff you pirate for example.

The rest is common sense, be sensible about what programs you download and install, prefer your distro's package manager over stuff you find online, and you should be fine.

[nat-sav]

Exploring Affordable Options: Cheap VPS Hosting and Linux VPS Hosting in India

Introduction

In the fast-paced digital landscape of today, having a reliable and efficient web hosting solution is crucial for businesses and individuals alike. Two popular options that cater to different needs are "cheap VPS hosting" and "Linux VPS hosting" in India. In this blog, we will delve into the intricacies of these services, exploring the features, benefits, and affordability. We'll also take a closer look at a specific provider, Natsav, and evaluate its Linux VPS hosting India services.

Understanding Cheap VPS Hosting

Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is a middle ground between shared hosting and dedicated servers. It provides users with a dedicated portion of a physical server, offering more control and resources compared to shared hosting. The term "cheap VPS hosting" implies cost-effectiveness, making it an attractive option for individuals and small businesses operating on a tight budget.

Cost-Effective Solutions Cheap VPS hosting is designed to offer affordability without compromising on performance. Users can enjoy the benefits of a dedicated environment at a fraction of the cost of a dedicated server. This makes it an ideal choice for startups and small businesses looking to scale without breaking the bank.

Scalability and Resources VPS hosting allows for easy scalability. As your website or application grows, you can upgrade your resources seamlessly. With dedicated CPU cores, RAM, and storage, you have greater control over your server environment, ensuring optimal performance.

Isolation and Security Unlike shared hosting, where resources are shared among multiple users, VPS hosting provides isolation. This enhances security by minimizing the risk of security breaches from other users on the same server. It's an essential feature for those handling sensitive data or running critical applications.

Understanding Linux VPS Hosting

Linux VPS hosting specifically refers to VPS hosting services that utilize the Linux operating system. Linux is renowned for its stability, security, and open-source nature, making it a preferred choice for many users.

Open Source Advantage Linux is an open-source operating system, meaning that its source code is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. This results in a community-driven development model, leading to regular updates, security patches, and a vast repository of software applications.

Stability and Performance Linux is known for its stability and efficiency. It requires fewer system resources compared to some other operating systems, allowing for optimal performance even on lower-end hardware. This makes Linux VPS hosting a reliable choice for users seeking a robust hosting environment.

Security Features The security features inherent in Linux, such as user permissions, firewall options, and regular security updates, contribute to a secure hosting environment. Linux VPS hosting is suitable for users who prioritize data protection and system integrity.

Natsav Linux VPS Hosting

Now, let's take a closer look at Natsav's Linux VPS hosting services, available at NatSav

Affordability Natsav offers competitive pricing for its Linux VPS hosting plans, aligning with the "cheap VPS hosting" keyword. This ensures that users get value for their money without compromising on the essential features needed for a reliable hosting experience.

Resource Allocation Natsav's Linux VPS hosting plans come with dedicated CPU cores, RAM, and storage, allowing users to customize their server environment based on their specific requirements. This flexibility is crucial for those who anticipate growth or have varying resource needs.

Linux OS Options Natsav supports a variety of Linux distributions, giving users the freedom to choose the operating system that best suits their preferences and requirements. This includes popular options like Ubuntu, CentOS, and Debian.

24/7 Support A reliable hosting provider should offer responsive customer support, and Natsav delivers on this front. With 24/7 customer support, users can seek assistance whenever they encounter issues or have questions about their cheap vps hosting india.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both "cheap VPS hosting" and "Linux VPS hosting" in India offer distinct advantages. Cheap VPS hosting provides an affordable solution for those on a budget, while Linux VPS hosting leverages the stability and security of the Linux operating system. Natsav's Linux VPS hosting services, as highlighted in this blog, combine the best of both worlds – cost-effectiveness and the reliability of Linux. Whether you are a startup, a small business, or an individual looking for reliable hosting in India, exploring the options provided by Natsav could be a worthwhile endeavor.

[bliiot-jerry]

ARMxy Industrial Computers BL330 for Water Treatment System Monitoring

Case Details

I. Advantages of ARMxy Industrial Computers BL330

Low Power Consumption

ARM architecture Cortex-A7 processors, consume significantly less power than x86 CPUs, ideal for 24/7 industrial operations.

Real-Time Performance

Supports real-time operating systems (RTOS) or Linux with real-time kernels, meeting time-sensitive data acquisition and control requirements.

Compact and Rugged Design

Compact size for space-constrained installations; operates in harsh environments (-40°C to 85°C) with resistance to dust, vibration, and humidity.

Rich Interfaces and Expandability

Equipped with industrial interfaces (RS-485, CAN, Ethernet, GPIO) to connect sensors (pH, turbidity, conductivity), PLCs, and actuators.

Cost-Effective

Lower hardware and maintenance costs compared to traditional industrial PCs, suitable for large-scale deployments.

II. Core Functions in Water Treatment Monitoring

Data Acquisition and Processing

Real-time collection of water quality parameters (COD, BOD, residual chlorine, dissolved oxygen) and equipment status (pump pressure, flow rate, valve position).

Communication via Modbus RTU/TCP, OPC UA protocols.

Edge Computing

Local data preprocessing (filtering, anomaly detection) to reduce cloud bandwidth usage.

Basic logic control (e.g., automatic chemical dosing based on pH levels).

Remote Monitoring and Visualization

Built-in web server or HMI for real-time data display and alarm management.

Data transmission to cloud platforms (SCADA, IoT Hub) via 4G/5G, Ethernet, WiFi.

Fault Diagnosis and Alerts

Predictive maintenance using historical data (e.g., membrane fouling, pump failure).

Trigger alarms or send notifications to operators via SMS/email.

III. Typical Applications

1. Online Water Quality Monitoring Stations

Function:

Deploy at water sources or treatment outlets to monitor turbidity, pH, heavy metals (e.g., arsenic, lead).

Hardware:

ARM computer + multi-parameter sensors + solar power (for remote areas).

2. PLC Replacement in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Function:

Replace traditional PLCs to control dissolved oxygen in aeration tanks, optimize sludge recycling, and adjust chemical dosing.

Solution:

ARM computer running Codesys soft PLC with PID algorithms, controlling devices via EtherCAT.

3. Distributed Rural Water Supply Monitoring

Function:

Monitor decentralized water purification systems (filter lifespan, flow anomalies) to ensure safe drinking water.

Architecture:

ARM edge gateway + sensor+ low-power design for unstable power supply scenarios.

IV. System Design Considerations

Environmental Adaptability

Use Industrial enclosures to protect against moisture and corrosive gases.

Communication Redundancy

Dual-network interfaces (wired + wireless) for reliable data transmission.

Software Architecture

Lightweight OS (Ubuntu, Linux) or RTOS (FreeRTOS) with MQTT/HTTP protocols.

Local storage (SQLite) or time-series databases (InfluxDB).

Cybersecurity

Enable firewalls, TLS/SSL encryption, and regular firmware updates.

V. Case Studies

Seawater Desalination Plant Monitoring

Hardware: ARM Cortex-A7 computer + pressure sensors + RO membrane modules.

Functions:

Monitor pressure differentials across RO membranes to predict fouling.

Automatically shut down high-pressure pumps during overloads.

OPC UA integration with central control systems.

Industrial Park Wastewater Station

Hardware: ARM edge gateway + AI cameras.

Functions:

AI-based foam thickness detection in aeration tanks to adjust blower speed.

Local TensorFlow Lite models for sludge settling ratio analysis.

VI. Challenges and Solutions

Sensor Data Drift

Regular calibration or machine learning-based compensation algorithms.

Long-Term Stability

Watchdog timers and industrial-grade eMMC storage.

Edge Deployment

Integrate lightweight frameworks (ONNX Runtime) for local water quality prediction.

VII. FAQs and Maintenance

Communication Failure: Check SIM signal strength or Ethernet connections.

Data Anomalies: Verify sensor power supply or grounding issues.

System Lag: Optimize software thread priorities.

ARM industrial computers enable cost-effective, intelligent monitoring for water treatment systems. For specific projects, consider

More low-cost industrial solutions：ARMxy SBC BL335

[nixcraft]

How to Set Up UFW Firewall on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS in 5 Minutes

[bliiot]

Comparison of Ubuntu, Debian, and Yocto for IIoT and Edge Computing

In industrial IoT (IIoT) and edge computing scenarios, Ubuntu, Debian, and Yocto Project each have unique advantages. Below is a detailed comparison and recommendations for these three systems:

1. Ubuntu (ARM)

Advantages

Ready-to-use: Provides official ARM images (e.g., Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS) supporting hardware like Raspberry Pi and NVIDIA Jetson, requiring no complex configuration.

Cloud-native support: Built-in tools like MicroK8s, Docker, and Kubernetes, ideal for edge-cloud collaboration.

Long-term support (LTS): 5 years of security updates, meeting industrial stability requirements.

Rich software ecosystem: Access to AI/ML tools (e.g., TensorFlow Lite) and databases (e.g., PostgreSQL ARM-optimized) via APT and Snap Store.

Use Cases

Rapid prototyping: Quick deployment of Python/Node.js applications on edge gateways.

AI edge inference: Running computer vision models (e.g., ROS 2 + Ubuntu) on Jetson devices.

Lightweight K8s clusters: Edge nodes managed by MicroK8s.

Limitations

Higher resource usage (minimum ~512MB RAM), unsuitable for ultra-low-power devices.

2. Debian (ARM)

Advantages

Exceptional stability: Packages undergo rigorous testing, ideal for 24/7 industrial operation.

Lightweight: Minimal installation requires only 128MB RAM; GUI-free versions available.

Long-term support: Up to 10+ years of security updates via Debian LTS (with commercial support).

Hardware compatibility: Supports older or niche ARM chips (e.g., TI Sitara series).

Use Cases

Industrial controllers: PLCs, HMIs, and other devices requiring deterministic responses.

Network edge devices: Firewalls, protocol gateways (e.g., Modbus-to-MQTT).

Critical systems (medical/transport): Compliance with IEC 62304/DO-178C certifications.

Limitations

Older software versions (e.g., default GCC version); newer features require backports.

3. Yocto Project

Advantages

Full customization: Tailor everything from kernel to user space, generating minimal images (<50MB possible).

Real-time extensions: Supports Xenomai/Preempt-RT patches for μs-level latency.

Cross-platform portability: Single recipe set adapts to multiple hardware platforms (e.g., NXP i.MX6 → i.MX8).

Security design: Built-in industrial-grade features like SELinux and dm-verity.

Use Cases

Custom industrial devices: Requires specific kernel configurations or proprietary drivers (e.g., CAN-FD bus support).

High real-time systems: Robotic motion control, CNC machines.

Resource-constrained terminals: Sensor nodes running lightweight stacks (e.g., Zephyr+FreeRTOS hybrid deployment).

Limitations

Steep learning curve (BitBake syntax required); longer development cycles.

4. Comparison Summary

5. Selection Recommendations

Choose Ubuntu ARM: For rapid deployment of edge AI applications (e.g., vision detection on Jetson) or deep integration with public clouds (e.g., AWS IoT Greengrass).

Choose Debian ARM: For mission-critical industrial equipment (e.g., substation monitoring) where stability outweighs feature novelty.

Choose Yocto Project: For custom hardware development (e.g., proprietary industrial boards) or strict real-time/safety certification (e.g., ISO 13849) requirements.

6. Hybrid Architecture Example

Smart factory edge node:

Real-time control layer: RTOS built with Yocto (controlling robotic arms)

Data processing layer: Debian running OPC UA servers

Cloud connectivity layer: Ubuntu Server managing K8s edge clusters

Combining these systems based on specific needs can maximize the efficiency of IIoT edge computing.