#crows zero 2007

[lots-of-sun]

A/n: This is a requested piece, thank you so much for it and I really hope you enjoy! Also, I apologize that this took so long to get out, I've been busy with a lot of work at the moment.

@starheadsstuff: Hello i am here to propose a request about our boy Izaki Shun in the Crows Zero II. Not much people write about them and i saw you we're taking request so here i am !!

Izaki Shun x Fem!Reader

40 DAYS AND 40 NIGHTS

The rhythmic sound of the train tracks is almost expected, the same noise I'd heard for as long as I can remember. It rocks and squeaks slightly with age, the district not having enough funds to get a newer model. No one really take this train anymore, it's off the main routes and most don't put in the effort to take a scenic ride on the outskirts of the city. But that's what I like, no one's ever there to bother me. Well that was until six months ago.

He'd shown up on a hot summer afternoon, looking confused at the empty train. It'd only been two stops since mine, having just finished school for the day. His gaze was calculated, looking down towards where I sat, then back the other way. I'd looked away when his gaze brushed over me, my mind suddenly finding the window interesting. A seat by the lengthy windows, far from where I'd sat, was where he chose to sit. The entire ride until my stop, he barely made a noise and had his eyes glued to the scenery that passed by, he was like a statue. After that ride, I didn't see him for a few days and I almost forgot about him completely. Until he showed up again. This time when he stepped into the again empty car, he spoke.

"Is this a ghost train or something?" He had asked, a short chuckle leaving his mouth.

"Or something" I responded with a small smile. He'd returned it before taking the same seat he did last time.

It went on like that for months, small conversation that lead into him moving to closer seats. Then it was full conversations and sitting in the same booth as me. Now it's like routine for him to take this train, talk for the thirty minute ride until I get off and repeat the same process the next day. There was no denying he was strategic and nice and... attractive. We'd gotten close over the months and I had to admit, it was pleasant having someone to talk to.

Today wasn't much different from any other and as I sat down on that worn seat I'd sat in for years, I felt myself relax a bit. It was normal for me to feel at ease on this always vacant train, but as of late, as we approach his stop, I grow nervous. Do I look good today? Is my hair a mess? What if my clothes are dirty and I just can't tell?

A flurry of shallow doubt comes on, even when I'm sure he wouldn't notice even if I was in absolute disarray. Would he even care? Does he care? A heat rises to my cheeks at the thought of my unsure feelings being somewhat reciprocated.

The trains breaks screech, signaling the stop is here already. Suddenly I find myself fixing my hair quickly, restraining myself from fiddling any more than I already am. The slight hiss of the door opening and the sound of heavy sneakers is the only sound that draws my attention to the entrance. And there he is, taking calm strikes towards where I'm sat, his usual small smile plastered on his lips.

"Hey, Train Guy, what sensational stories to do have for me today?" My tone is beyond sarcastic, a smile making its way onto my face. He'd told me about many instances that have happened at Suzuran, bloody fights, the hierarchy, his goals. They were all very entertaining.

"I told you already, my name is Izaki. And not much, Genji's doing my head in" His answer is delivered casually as he slips into the seat in front of me, the train beginning to move.

"So the usual then?" I respond with a smirk. His only reaction is a short nod and an equally as wide smirk that mirrors mine. A short silence stretches on between us before he decids to speak.

"How's school?" His question is short, but genuine and he clears his throat afterwards, like it was hard for him to say. I narrow my eyes slightly at him, trying to read him. He'd never really had trouble saying what he wanted.

"It's good, exams are over finally so I'm basically free for the rest of the term" I answer with a tone of relief, enjoying the thought of no more stressful papers to complete.

He again nods shortly, looking out the window at the passing environment, while I watch his side profile. God, he's so handsome. I wonder what he might be thinking right now, where his mind has escaped to. The gentle sway of the train's movement is calming and I try not to stare too much.

"Still no boyfriend?" He asks suddenly, his voice inquisitive. It catches me so off guard I almost choke on my own spit.

"Uh- No, definitely not" My voice shakes slightly with nervousness, who the hell asks that out of the blue?

"Good" The one word answer pushes me further into shock, I keep my eyes on him as he turns his head to face me again. And he looks pleased, an expression I don't see him wear often. "Because I want you to be mine"

It's blunt and leaves my mouth agape, my mind struggles to process his words without malfunctioning. I close my mouth finally, looking down at my lap with heated cheeks.

"You shouldn't joke about that" I say softly, deflecting his obvious confession. I can feel his eyes on me and I keep my gaze away.

"I'm not joking, but I will understand if I'm not who you want" His voice is lowered, like he's trying to calm me.

"I do want you- you just can't be so blunt all the time" I respond, finally looking up at him. There's a wide smile that sits on his face, like this is the happiest moment of his life. I can't help but mirror his expression.

"Being blunt is easier than beating around the bush" He says conclusively, this time keeping his eyes on me and I can't seem to break away from his gaze either.

I give a small nod, it's the only reply I can muster. The rest of that train ride was a sort of bliss, the kind that follows a tense moment. We discuss where we should go for a date and he slips in a few jokes, meant for someone who's more than just his friend. And for once, I'm glad to not be the only one on this train.

[miss0atae]

HSF is really an interesting series. I can't remember school 2013 so it feels like watching a new series.

Every time I watch a series about students fighting between each other it reminds me how crazy I was about Crows Zero in 2007. There is always a bit of Crows Zero in all these types of series/movies.

The dynamic of the relationship between Saint and Shin is fascinating. I would really like to know how they came to drift apart and why Shin is so aggressive towards Saint. I need them to give me more than their happy flashbacks. I got the taste, now give me what happened.

I want to see how they can become friends again. I also wish the series would explain how Shin made his new friends and to see Saint having deeper connection with other students than just Shin.

Also it's not a BL, but damn it's so BL-coded you could be fooled. I think they even put one music that was in Not Me during Saint and Shin's fight with their shinai (also their teacher was really out of his mind to make them practice this while knowing they always fight). This song triggers a pavlovian reflex of expecting something intimate between the characters. 😅

[whosxafraid]

Mun Day on Friday

⋆ NAME?: Crowasaurus (Crow for short)

⋆ PRONOUNS?: they/them

⋆ MOST ACTIVE MUSE(S)?: Luka for sure. Beyond him...Baz Barton [ rugini ], Lorcan [ @macdiari ] and Darcy [ @justthecameraguy ]

⋆ RP PET PEEVES?: Insta-shipping without mun consultation, bullying/anon-hate, rp blogs with zero backstory for their muse, and no mun info list.

⋆ EXPERIENCE / HOW MANY YEARS?: I've been writing stories since I was 6, started on tumblr...maybe like...2006 or 2007?

⋆ FLUFF, ANGST, OR SMUT?: All. but the last of those has to be worked up too.

⋆ LONG OR SHORT REPLIES?: long. im a wordie bish. lol

⋆ TIME TO WRITE?: at the moment? i dont even have time to BREATHE most of the time. x_X but after i move....there is HOPE.

Tagged by: no one but i did snag it from @ronmanmob and @brooklynislandgirl

Tagging: ready set GO

[multitudecontainer420]

the crow stigmata dark city disturbing behavior house of wax the cell carrie 2 feardotcom valentine cry_wolf the hole hellbent cabin fever hostel wolf creek hatchet the skulls strangeland faust (2000) silent hill the descent dead & breakfast dead end (2003) the haunting (1999) hellevator cube zero bulletproof monk the one queen of the damned resident evil ultraviolet spawn aeon flux the covenant the 13th floor dreamcatcher joy ride bone collector blade trinity seven panic room 3000 miles to graceland babylon ad jason x freddy vs jason final destination saw 2 gothika soul survivors butterfly effect the mist my bloody valentine (2009) when a stranger calls (2006) the hitcher (2007) the crazies (2010) rollerball (2002) death race (2008) three musketeers (2011) van helsing dracula 2000 underworld night watch blade 2 mimic event horizon alien resurrection alien vs predator bones identity pandorum house of the devil murder by numbers tomb raider romeo must die hansel & gretel witch hunters the collector scooby doo charlies angels doa dead or alive house of 1000 corpses ginger snaps back cradle of fear running scared the forsaken mindhunters splinter daybreakers gamer shoot em up smokin aces willard end of days the 6th day doomsday (2008) dog soldiers mortal kombat escape from la hard boiled nemesis (1992) death machine hackers cypher hellraiser inferno hellraiser deader hellraiser hellworld demonlover idle hands bride of chucky h20 little nicky american werewolf in paris house of the dead punisher war zone dredd constantine war of the worlds (2005) minority report vanilla sky stay 30 days of night from dusk till dawn tobe cursed dark ride youre next vacancy she creature (2001) they (2002) my little eye 2001 maniacs (2005) taking of pelham (2009) the mummy (1999) psycho (1998) teaching mrs tingle cherry falls sorority row all the boys love mandy lane cropsey laid to rest the watcher (2000) salems lot (2004) the grudge the ring 2 p2 the strangers rec let me in signs devils backbone the orphanage the butcher (2007) the loved ones titus andronicus dagon garrone drag me to hell evil dead boxing helena bound all about evil cure for wellness deathgasm the fanatic lords of chaos devils candy satanic panic masters of horror cube (2021) hellboy animated the amazing screw on head

[booklet]

As kids, me and Genji used to look for the best spot to watch the sunset. I figured we’d be friends forever. But that’s all history.

Crows Zero (2007) dir. by Takashi Miike

[livininamoviescene]

Crows Zero (Takashi Miike, 2007)

[bijita-q]

This week I look at the solid 2007 Manga Adaptation Crows Zero.

[purimgifts]

Call for Podficcers!

As happens every year, Purimgifts has far more requests for podfic than podficcers to fill them! Below is a list of all fandoms in which podfic is requested. Numbers in parenthesis indicate number of requests, when greater than 1.

Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers

Archive 81 (Podcast)

Arrested Development

Babylon 5

Birds of Prey (And the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn) (2020)

Carmen Sandiego (Cartoon 2019)

Charmed

Chasing Liberty (2004)

Community (TV)

Dance of the Vampires (Broadway 2002/03) - Steinman/Ives/Kunze

DCU (Comics)

Elementary (TV)

Enchanted Forest Chronicles - Patricia Wrede

Everwood

Fallen London | Echo Bazaar

Farscape

Football RPF

Galavant (TV)

Glee

Goncharov (1973) dir. Martin Scorsese - beelzeebub

Gravity Falls

Hellspark - Janet Kagan

Hockey RPF

House M.D.

Hunger Games Series - All Media Types

Hunger Games Trilogy - Suzanne Collins

Injustice: Gods Among Us

Iron Widow Series - Xiran Jay Zhao

IT (Movies - Muschietti)

Jane Austen's Fight Club

Jessica Jones (TV)

Jewish Hero Corps - Oirich/Randall (Comics)

Jewish Legend & Lore

Jewish Scripture & Legend

Justice League & Justice League Unlimited (Cartoons)

Killing Eve (TV 2018)

Leif & Thorn (Webcomic)

Leverage

(2) Leverage: Redemption

Malevolent (Podcast)

Mediator Series - Meg Cabot

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

Miraculous Ladybug

October Daye Series - Seanan McGuire

Only Murders in the Building

Orange is the New Black

(2) Original Work

Percy Jackson and the Olympians & Related Fandoms - All Media Types

Post-Biblical Jewish RPF

(2) Power Rangers

Primordial Deep (Podcast)

Rabbinic and Talmudic Judaism RPF,Abrahamic Avatars - Fandom

Robin (Comics)

Sam Jones - Leslie Fish (Song)

Schitt's Creek (TV)

Sense8 (TV)

Shadow and Bone (TV)

Shadow Unit

(2) She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018)

Sherlock (TV)

Singin' in the Rain (1952)

Six of Crows Series - Leigh Bardugo

Star Trek RPF

(2) Star Trek: Alternate Original Series (Movies)

(4) Star Trek: Deep Space Nine

Star Trek: Enterprise

(2) Star Trek: Lower Decks (Cartoon)

Star Trek: Picard

(2) Star Trek: The Next Generation

(4) Star Trek: The Original Series

(5) Star Trek: Voyager

Stellar Firma (Podcast)

Stranger Things (TV 2016)

Succession (TV 2018)

Tennis RPF

The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes - Suzanne Collins

The Chronicles of Chrestomanci - Diana Wynne Jones

The Defenders (Marvel TV)

The Godshead Incidental (Podcast)

The Librarian (Movies)

The Librarians (TV 2014)

The Murderbot Diaries - Martha Wells

The Owl House (Cartoon)

The Penumbra Podcast

The Transformers (IDW Generation One)

Thor (Movies)

Transformers - All Media Types

Transformers (Bay Movies)

Transformers (IDW 2019)

Transformers Animated (2007)

Transformers: Prime

Unseen (Podcast)

Victoriocity (Podcast)

Wednesday (TV 2022)

Welcome to Night Vale

What's Up Doc? (1972)

Wicked - Schwartz/Holzman,League of Legends

Women's Hockey RPF

Yentl (1983)

Young Justice (Cartoon)

Zero Escape (Video Games)

מדרש | Midrash

תלמוד | Talmud

תנ"ך | Tanakh

僕のヒーローアカデミア | Boku no Hero Academia | My Hero Academia,

[sunlightfeeling]

Oooooh feel free to go off about Baba and Daito if you’d like

Yessss! ❤️

Honestly…my brain still can’t quite wrap around the idea of why Daitō was cast in a Yakuza game. His repretoire doesn’t really align with what Yakuza is…it’s a lot of…roles where his beauty is more important than his acting LOL (I’m sure his acting is fineee 😅)

And it’s interesting because the only thing that I could possibly see “linking” him onto the series are these movies he did with a few Yakuza actors (all future ones…kind of Kiritani and Endō would be the only “applicable” links cuz of Y4) called Crows Zero (based off a manga, I guess. still haven’t watched these). The timing also aligns:

Crows Zero - 2007, Crows Zero 2 - 2009, Yakuza 4 - 2010/11, Yakuza 5 - 2012

I’m going to be honest…I’ve really only jumped down the Kimura film/discography rabbit hole, so everything further is assumption based off skimming Wikipedia, etc.

It looks like most actors for the series have some history with acting in roles involving the yakuza or other serious/crime-like media. Daitō is a bit of an odd-one out playing this type of serious role when his prowess isn’t really here.

Like…even Kiritani Kenta had done other crime dramas or movies prior to Y4, and he also played a similarish role to Daitō. Not quite…but close enough for me. EVEN Narimiya Hiroki, who was (aww ☹️ i always get sad when i remember his situation) a king of these “pretty-boy” roles had some crime drama experience before taking on Tanimura.

And that’s really what I have on these two, but I love dissecting the characters and actors if you have any others, lol 😊

I’d love to know the actual reason why they chose him for Baba. Because it really does feel like they intentionally chose a “pretty boy” actor to play this type of role. One where the pretty-little-thing seduces/distracts this epitome of masculinity. It’s not a bad thing that they chose to use this dynamic (if this is actually canon…which just keeps feeling more and more likely) and Daitō…but it is a bit curious lol.

[lots-of-sun]

Hi Everyone!

I'd like to start this by saying I'm still quite new to this platform and writing for other people's enjoyment, so I apologise for any bad writing or inexperience.

I just wanted to quickly announce that I am taking requests!

You can request anything you'd like, be as specific or as vague as you want. It may take me a little bit to get around to them so your patience is much appreciated.

Here's what I write for:

☆ Crows Zero 1 (2007)

☆ Crows Zero 2 (2009)

☆ Blue Spring (2001)

☆ High and low (all movies)

Though I do only write for a few fandoms at the moment, it may expand in the future.

Feel free to request anything for any character, even if they have barely any screen time!

Thank you!

- Sun 🔆

[whumpetywhump]

Whumptober Day 10 - Hospital

Awaken - Ep. 6

Black Knight - Ep. 17

Crows Zero I (2007)

Final Life - Ep. 7

He Is Psychometric - Ep. 5

HIStory 3: Trapped - Ep. 11

Imitation - Ep. 7

Miss Granny (2014)

My Beautiful Bride - Ep. 11

When The Devil Calls Your Name - Ep. 10

[mikesfilmtalk]

Crows Zero (2007): A Yakuza Is Born

The 2007 film Crows Zero can best be called a tale of how a yakuza is born, or developed at any rate. Sort of a “baby yakuza” story that starts at school. Adapted from Hiroshi Takahashi‘s manga Crows, the screenplay was written by Shôgo Mutô.  It is directed by the iconic Takashi Miike. I have read that this is a ‘loose’ adaptation of the manga. This may be true but the film itself is visually…

[hayatranslates]

    Fiction stories: from “once upon a time “to “Sci-Fi”

    With the first “once upon a time” said by some teller gathering around a small crowed, entertaining them with his imagination. With every story, tales became an essential part of entertainment. From anecdotal tales passing on through generations, to fictional tales that are purely imaginative.

Stories became a way of entertaining as well as educating. For instance, stories of bravery are told in time of crisis and war, stories of brave soldiers as a way to give people hope. Furthermore, another type of story is told, stories of ordinary daily life, to cope with responsibilities. Folklore tales with humorous style, in which the protagonists is an ordinary person, that might be witty, or foolish and pedantic, in such stories the protagonist often uses tricks, wit or sometimes cunningness to avoid troubles and solve problems. Stories like, Juha, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, the adventures of Sindbad, and Aladdin.  

Tales of pure imagination made children exited to lose their teeth, so a fairy would put money under their pillows as they sleep. Myths that terrified but also disciplined generations, and taught them not to mess around without their mothers, a myth such as, “Humarat Alqayla”, which literary translates to the donkey of the afternoon, a creature that has some part human and some donkey like that comes on hot afternoons to get disobedient kids, it originated in the Arabic gulf with some origins leading back to Najid, the image of that mythical creature is still present to those who were threatened by it, a story that they deny at times, and dread in another.

Fiction is considered as an attempt to answer pressing existential questions, this conclusion is clear in Mesopotamian myths, in the epic of Gilgamesh for instance, which is an epic poem that revolves around Gilgamesh, the son of an immortal goddess and a mortal human. The most intriguing aspect of this epic is that it is an attempt to understand human nature, as the story unfolds, Gilgamesh tries to understand life and death as a way to accept the inevitability of both as seeks his own immortality.

Using fictional stories to create a myth, a folk tale, has been and still is a way of education, of understanding, a way of self-discipline, as well as a coping mechanism to calm the dread of existence, while also serving the value of cultural legacies. All these myths and tales of dark ghost stores merging in human life, of tooth fairies that treat kids for not crying their lost teeth, is nothing but a glimpse of our curious nature, our imagination that is the gemstone of our intellectual capacity.

With all this huge collection of creative writing and imaginative abilities, we wonder about this genre of literature in our modern time. At the rise of technology there’s a great need for literature that discusses the latest inventions of modern-day science, topics such as, robots, artificial intelligence, space travel, time travel, etc.

Several novels of these topics have been published and critics called them “science fiction literature” which is a genre that caught the interest of readership, film directors, and cinema fans.

Looking at cinema we see examples such as, Theodor, the depressed letter writer in “Her” the story was written by Spike Jonze to represent the loneliness of Theodor’s life, who gets attached to Samantha, the artificial intelligence program with a feminine voice. She listens to him; she understands and knows him. Jones succeeded in depicting this complex and strange love story, as a science fictional prediction. 

This mysterious film, although depressing and boring to some, has a serenity to it, a slow burn that overwhelms you with a clear feeling of being focused, as you watch these confused characters find and understand their crisis, their identity, and their limits.

“Theodore represents a futuristic Everyman, the result of human experience enshrouded and infused by technology. What promises to give us connection results in precisely the opposite — the illusion of relationships.” ― Spike Jonze 

In 2050, which is a science fiction novel with a plot that revolves around the protagonist, M, an officer that struggles with his purpose in life, he seeks the companionship of a robotic doll, in a time that lacks human connection. M tries to find himself, in an attempt to understand the world he’s living in, as he wanders around overwhelmed with the huge world he lived in.

   “The temperature was forty degrees, .. below zero. moderate.. what was called skyscrapers thirty years ago doesn’t compare to these massive buildings, M used to pay attention to them, even when he flew clouds and clouds above, he used to be surprised by one or two of those buildings, he doesn’t have to be cautious now, he knows the sky like the palm of his hands, no one flies on his lane, only him and authorised people, his car now danced between those skyscrapers until he reached a big building, it was a local machine doll company, he looked at the fifty feet glass frontier that projected a changing image of dolls, taking different faces bodies and voices every minute. He looked closer, the doll was talking to him, he deactivated his noise control, stood at the heart of the sky, listening. Hey there captain, you look like an important man.”.   2050

M here, wanders around like Gilgamesh in his epic, looking to calm this troubling need of answers, he feels lost, the same way Theodore is lost, between his letters, his attachment to Samantha with her softly spoken ways.

Are these emotions real? Are they just a matter of programming … while Samantha knows she is programmed with these emotions, M’s doll understands that her awareness of human emotions is not programmed but rather naturally obtained. “Do I exist?.... Like you living, am I a part of the world?”

Through fiction, and fiction only. We are able to reflect on our present, predict our future, with the goal of understanding ourselves, our values and behaviours. Fiction is the soul of literary work, and through fiction, readers reach imaginations beyond their own expectations. Through imagining only, the reader escapes the realms of reality to new horizons and endless possibilities of captivating worlds in which science, technology, myths, and legends are all intertwined.  

   “Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.”

― Albert Einstein

                                                              References

Anonymous. (2009). 1001 Arabian nights - The complete adventures of Sindbad, Aladdin and Ali Baba - Special edition. Special Edition Books.

Watts, Linda S. (2007). Encyclopedia of American folklore. NY, NY, United States of America: Facts on file Inc.  page 386. ISBN 0-8160-5699-4.

Mesopotamia. (2018, March 14). Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/

The epic of Gilgamesh. (1973). Penguin UK.

Jonze, S. (Director). (2013). Her [Motion picture].

Einstein, A., & Shaw, G. B. (1931). Einstein on cosmic religion and other opinions and aphorisms.

Mohammad Al-Ahmadi. (2020). 2050. 

[usingourvoices]

The School-to-Prison Pipeline in Philadelphia

**Long Post Ahead!**

“The nature of the criminal justice system has changed. It is no longer primarily concerned with the prevention and punishment of crime, but rather with the management and control of the dispossessed.” ― Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2012).

What is the School-to-Prison Pipeline?

If you’ve been paying attention to the news these past nine months, you’ll recognize a familiar racial justice buzzword appearing in the title of the article. The school-to-prison pipeline, like police brutality and the war on drugs, is a part of a larger system of oppression aimed at minority individuals. In this case, minority children in schools. Minority students are more likely to face disciplinary measures in their schools, namely suspensions and expulsions, which have a drastic impact on their lives outside of the classroom. This includes students being more at risk of entering the criminal justice system. It is believed that this system is purposeful— a cog in the machine of mass incarceration that spins around us daily. Gass and Laughter (2015) sum up the school-to-prison pipeline explicitly: “in short, ‘priorities to incarcerate compete against priorities to educate.’”

The school-to-prison pipeline is an umbrella term referring to the different policies that have been enacted by federal and state governments in schools to curb misbehavior since the late 1980s. Such policies have included zero-tolerance, metal detectors, school police/security officers, surveillance, and in general, harsher school discipline measures (Goldstein, Cole, Houck, Haney-Caron, Holliday, Kreimer, & Bethel, 2019). It was believed by the SDP that, as Jonathan Kozol claims in Savage Inequalities (2016), “the problems of the streets in urban areas... frequently spill over into public schools. These policies unintentionally affect students of color more so than white students. And, although students living in poverty are always in a place to face more severe consequences for similar actions, being from an affluent neighborhood does not necessarily exempt one from the school-to-prison pipeline. “A recent report by the Government Accountability Office, which relied on a previous set of federal civil rights data, found that racial disparities in school discipline “were widespread and persisted regardless of the type of disciplinary action, level of school poverty, or type of public school attended” (Blad & Mitchell, 2018). 

According to a research study on suspension trends in the School District of Philadelphia, there is evidence that “[finds] relationships between suspending students and negative student outcomes, including low academic achievement, grade retention, dropping out, decreased levels of civic engagement, legal troubles, and emotional and psychological disorders” (Park, Karakus, and Lesnick, 2019). Indeed, author of Restorative justice in urban schools: disrupting the school-to-prison pipeline (2016) Anita Wadhwa agrees: “just as people who are not valued in the service economy have been socially excluded and contained in prisons, young people who are unable to perform on grade level or adhere to behavioral norms are often excluded through suspension and expulsion and contained in alternative schools or juvenile detention centers” . From the same study, we learn that black and African American students are twice as likely to be suspended than white students, and Hispanic/Latinx students are 3.38 times more likely to be suspended in fifth grade than white students (Park, et. al). This data is consistent with statistics that have been discovered across the country that points to disproportionate suspensions between racial/ethnic groups. “Moreover, school attendance protects against misconduct, and thus, suspending or expelling students may actually increase future student misconduct,” reports the Children and Youth Services Review. “When out of school, many suspended and expelled students are unsupervised during the day while parents are at work, increasing opportunities for further delinquent behavior” (Goldstein et al., 2019). 

Both in-school and out-of-school incidents can result in legal action against students, including arrests, imprisonment, and court cases. “As a result, schools became the primary source of youth referrals to the justice system... transforming exclusionary school discipline policies into a school-to-prison pipeline” (Goldstein et al., 2019). This legal action can have a psychological and physical impact on students, not only marking them with a criminal record from a young age, but also increasing their chances of offending again. The school-to-prison pipeline ingrains ideas of mass incarceration into students from the time they begin pre-school throughout their academic lives and well into their futures.

History of School Discipline Measures in Philadelphia

Following the lead of other major U.S. cities in the early 1990s, the School District of Philadelphia implemented zero-tolerance behavioral policies to try to curb student violence and drug abuse. Those policies continued the long tradition of alienating people by socioeconomic status, ability, and especially, race through the ensuing decades. From 1993-2007, this included a sharp increase in the number of students suspended from school. “For example, although 21.6% of all students in grades 6 through 12 were suspended in 2007, nearly half (49.5%) of black male students in those grades were suspended and 16.6% of black male students in those grades were expelled” (Ritter, 2018).

Later in 2013, police analysts discovered that the SDP was the largest contributor to youth arrest referrals in the city, and a year later, it was concluded that “[Black and] African American students were involved in 75.0% of reported incidents in the SDP and accounted for 80.0% of arrests, despite constituting only 51.8% of the district's student body” (Goldstein, et. al). However, this was also the time that began to see improvements in the school policing system.

After reading the police analysis in 2013, former deputy police commissioner Kevin Bethel designed a diversion program to create barriers to arresting students. His plan saw a 84.3% reduction in student arrests in its first six years of implementation (Mezzacappa, 2020). Still, as of 2019, “14 million students attend schools with police but no counselor, nurse, psychologist, or social worker” (Mezzacappa, 2020).

The Diversion Program in Philadelphia

(Goldstein et al., 2019)

As mentioned above, Philadelphia’s Diversion Program is one of the city’s newest measures to minimize minority youth incarceration. Headed by Kevin Bethel, the program’s primary purpose is to prevent the involvement of the Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) in schools as much as is deemed safe by the program. The Diversion Intake Center (DIC) acts as a final check of qualification before an officer is dispatched to a school; if the student meets certain criteria (for example, being under the age of ten), then the PPD concludes its involvement and a social worker is sent to work with the student’s family within 72 hours (Goldstein et al., 2019).

PPD school officers, SDP school safety officers, and some school administrators received 8 training hours for the program, and the PPD officers obtained an additional 2.5 hours of training in adolescent decision making and positive behavior reinforcement (Goldstein et al., 2019). When an incident occurs that requires PPD school officers, the school first contacts their office. If the offence is minor enough, then the call is then transferred to the DIC. Only when this office determines that the student has no history of arrest is the student placed with a social worker. 

The program has shown success in its recent years, but the issue of youth incarceration has not diminished entirely; “still, the promises that once beckoned— the promises of technology, material comfort, democracy, human rights, fairness, basic respect, and decency— have not been fulfilled in much of the world” (Isbister, 2019). Already, plans to expand the Diversion Program include branching out to the surrounding community. Training and resources for teachers are also items that the community has deemed high priority (Blad & Klein, 2018). One could add that the students could benefit from more education, as Peggy McIntosh said “My schooling gave me no training in seeing myself as an oppressor, as an unfairly advantaged person, or as a participant in a damaged culture” (McIntosh, 2019). Another researched solution could also include restorative justice, which the U.N. defines as “a problem solving approach to crime that focuses on restoration or repairing the harm done by the crime and criminal to the extent possible, and involves the victim(s), offender(s) and the community in an active relationship with statutory agencies in developing a resolution” (Mccluskey et. al, 2018). Any step listed above would be one in the right direction, but a combination of the above would like combat the issue the strongest. “The lesson for those committed to fighting inequality… is to fashion a new agenda that gives more scrutiny to both racial and nonracial political and economic forces” (Wilson, 2008).

Works Cited

Alexander, M. (2012). The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. Revised edition. New York: New Press.

Blad, E., & Klein, A. (2018, April 11). Betsy DeVos Weighing Action on School Discipline Policy; GAO: Black students disciplined more. Education Week, 37(26), 18.

Blad, E., & Mitchell, C. (2018, May 2). Black Students Bear Uneven Brunt of Discipline, Data Show; Disparity in school arrest rates rose. Education Week, 37(29), 10.

Gass, K. M., & Laughter, J. C. (2015). "Can I make any difference?" gang affiliation, the school-to-prison pipeline, and implications for teachers. The Journal of Negro Education, 84(3), 333-347. 

Goldstein, N. E., Cole, L. M., Houck, M., Haney-Caron, E., Holliday, S. B., Kreimer, R., & Bethel, K. (2019). Dismantling the school-to-prison pipeline: The Philadelphia police school diversion program. Children and Youth Services Review, 101, 61-69. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.022

Isbister, J. (2014). Promises not kept: Poverty and the betrayal of Third World development. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.

Kozol, J. (2012). Savage inequalities: Children in America's schools. New York, NY: Broadway Paperbacks.

Mccluskey, G., Lloyd, G., Stead, J., Kane, J., Riddell, S., & Weedon, E. (2008). ‘I was dead restorative today’: From restorative justice to restorative approaches in school. Cambridge Journal of Education, 38(2), 199-216. doi:10.1080/03057640802063262

McIntosh, P. (2019). White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack (1989) 1. On Privilege, Fraudulence, and Teaching As Learning, 29-34. doi:10.4324/9781351133791-4

Mezzacappa, D. (2020, June 12). Movement for police-free schools reaches Philadelphia.

Park, J., Karakus, M., & Lesnick, J. (2019, March). Suspension Trends in the School District of Philadelphia, 2015-16 to 2017-18.

Ritter, G. W. (2018). Reviewing the Progress of School Discipline Reform. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(2), 133-138. doi:10.1080/0161956x.2018.1435034

Wadhwa, A. (2015). Restorative justice in urban schools : Disrupting the school-to-prison pipeline. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

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Crows Zero (Takashi Miike, 2007)