#fat decimator system

[fatliberation]

Anti-Obesity Drugs in Sociopolitical Context

Abstract

This literature review critically examines the use of Body Mass Index (BMI) as a diagnostic tool for obesity, highlighting its historical and scientific flaws. The diagnosis and treatment of obesity is heavily stigmatized and reflects deeper socio-economic and racial biases. Fatphobia, or anti-fatness, is deeply rooted in white supremacy and colonial history. I argue that anti-fatness and weight-based discrimination significantly impact health outcomes, rather than body fat percentage alone. The way that the medical system focuses on body size rather than the overall health of patients perpetuates harm and yields even poorer health outcomes. To genuinely improve the lives of fat individuals, we must dismantle anti-fat systems and remove barriers to healthcare, job equity, and basic infrastructure by implementing legal protections, rather than simply promoting weight loss. This review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to health that considers socio-economic factors and systemic discrimination.

Journal Summary

Recently, two anti-obesity medications, Ozempic and Wegovy, which are primarily prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have shown promise in causing weight loss. The 2022 scientific journal “Ozempic and Wegovy for Weight Loss, Pharmacological Component and Effect” by Abdullah Mohammed, et al explores the pharmacological components and effects of these medications on weight reduction, summarizing findings from existing clinical studies.

Ozempic is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist primarily used to manage T2DM. Clinical studies indicate that semaglutide can also promote significant weight loss. Ozempic's mechanism involves binding to GLP-1 receptors in the brain, reducing food intake and increasing feelings of fullness. This leads to a decrease in body weight and improvement in glycemic control. Wegovy, also a GLP-1 receptor agonist, is the same drug as Ozempic but two times the dose, specifically approved for weight loss for fat people even without T2DM. Administered as a weekly injection, Wegovy has shown effectiveness in inducing sustained weight loss. The STEP trials demonstrated that participants using Wegovy experienced an average weight loss of 15.8% over 68 weeks. Wegovy's pharmacokinetics involve prolonged activation of GLP-1 receptors, enhancing satiety and reducing hunger. GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide mimic the action of the natural hormone GLP-1, which regulates appetite and blood sugar levels. By slowing gastric emptying and promoting a feeling of fullness, these medications reduce caloric intake. Clinical trials have shown that GLP-1RAs, including semaglutide, can result in weight loss from 5% or up to 10-15% of body weight. However, sustained weight loss requires ongoing lifestyle modifications, as discontinuation of the medication leads to weight regain. Common side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Other potential side effects include increased heart rate, fatigue, headaches, and changes in thyroid function.

Obesity as a Disease

How does one get an obesity diagnosis? There is one single criterion used for diagnosing someone with this disease: The Body Mass Index (BMI). A person’s BMI is their weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters, rounded to one decimal place. It does not account for muscle mass versus body fat. For these reasons, the BMI has been widely proven to be an ineffective health measure. The BMI was also never intended to be a measure of health in the first place.

The BMI was created in the 1800s by a statistician named Adolphe Quetelet, who did not study medicine, to gather statistics of the average height and weight of specifically white, European, upper-middle-class men to assist the government in allocating resources. It was never intended as a measure of individual body fat, build, or health (Karasu, 2016). Quetelet is also credited with founding the field of anthropometry, including the racist pseudoscience of phrenology. Quetelet’s L’homme Moyen would be used as a measurement of fitness to inspire, and as a scientific justification, for eugenics (Eugenics archive).

Studies have observed that about 30% of "normal” weight people are “unhealthy," whereas about 50% of "overweight" people are “healthy” (Rey-López, et al, 2014). Thus, using the BMI as an indicator of health misclassifies 75 million people in the United States alone. “Healthy*” lifestyle habits are associated with a significant decrease in mortality regardless of baseline body mass index (Matheson, et al, 2012).

*I put “healthy” in quotation marks here because the definition of an individual’s health is oversimplified and depends on many socioeconomic factors.

While epidemiologists use BMI to calculate national obesity rates, the distinctions between weight classes can be arbitrary. Ever notice that the weight classes on the BMI are nearly intervals of five? In 1998, the National Institutes of Health lowered the overweight threshold from 27.8 to 25—making roughly 29 million Americans "overweight" overnight—to match international guidelines (Butler, 2014). Critics have also noted that those guidelines were drafted in part by the International Obesity Task Force, whose two principal funders were companies making weight loss drugs.

Jackie Scully, Senior Research Fellow at the Unit for Ethics in the Biosciences, University of Basel, in her scientific journal titled “What is a Disease?” states the following: “As the business literature shows, new clinical diagnoses are often welcomed primarily as opportunities for market growth (Moynihan et al, 2002). One recent example of this is female sexual dysfunction (FSD). The huge commercial success of sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction in men provides a strong motivation for drug companies to identify an equivalent market (that is, condition) in women. And some ethicists feel that drug companies were, to put it mildly, over-involved in the medical consensus meetings held between 1997 and 1999 that effectively drew up very inclusive clinical criteria for the definition of FSD (Moynihan, 2003)."

How can one diagnose a person with a disease and sell them medications solely based upon an outdated measure that was never meant to indicate health in the first place, especially when obesity has no proven causative role in the onset of any chronic condition? (Kahn, et. al., 2000), (Cofield, et al, 2010).

This is why the term “obese” is recognized as a slur by fat communities. It's a stigmatizing term that medicalizes fat bodies even in the absence of disease. The word directly translates to "having eaten oneself fat" in Latin. Obesity, as a medical diagnosis, doesn’t have much ground to stand on. Aside from being overtly incorrect as a medical tool, the BMI is used to deny certain medical treatments and gender-affirming care, as well as insurance coverage. Employers still often offer bonuses to workers who lower their BMI. Although science recognizes the BMI as deeply flawed, it's going to be tough to get rid of. It has been a long-standing and effective tool for the oppression of fat people and the profit of the weight loss industry.

To treat obesity, patients must eat less. Making someone smaller still means they will be healthier, right?

Fatness and Mortality

The idea that obesity is unhealthy and can cause or exacerbate illnesses is a biased misrepresentation of the scientific literature that is informed more by bigotry than credible science (Medvedyuk, et al, 2017). Fatphobia existed long before fatness became medicalized. Yes, obesity is correlated with conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes, but some scientists are looking into possibilities that don't equate correlation with causation. Obesity has no proven causative role in the onset of any chronic condition (Kahn, et al, 2000), (Cofield, et al, 2010) and its appearance may be a protective response to the onset of numerous chronic conditions generated from currently unknown causes (Lavie, et al, 2009), (Uretsky et al, 2007), (Mullen, et al, 2013), (Tseng, 2013). A portion of these correlated conditions are likely brought on by the stress of being part of one or more marginalized groups with little to no support or basic access in society. Weight stigma itself is deadly. Research shows that weight-based discrimination increases risk of death by 60% (Sutin, et al, 2014).

Dieting also poses serious health risks. The reason that these weight loss drugs are so successful by comparison is that dieting is unsustainable and does not lead to prolonged weight loss. Over 50 years of research conclusively demonstrates that virtually everyone who intentionally loses weight by manipulating their eating and exercise habits will regain the weight they lost within 3-5 years, and 75% will regain more weight than they lost (Mann, et al, 2007). Evidence suggests that repeatedly losing and gaining weight is linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and altered immune function (Tomiyama, et al, 2017). If most fat people have historically tried to lose weight their whole lives through dieting, this has major implications on overall health. Prescribed weight loss is also the leading predictor of eating disorders (Patton, et al, 1999).

Another factor that may be impacting fat people’s rate of mortality is that they are being mistreated at the doctor’s office. I have personally heard dozens of stories about doctors refusing to treat or investigate a problem that a fat person came in for until they lost a certain amount of weight, only to discover years later that the problem was unrelated to their weight and has progressed severely because it went untreated. Fat people are often mistreated and looked at with disgust and disdain in medical settings, leading them to avoid going to the doctor in shame or fear of abuse. This can seriously worsen health issues. Fat stigma in the medical establishment (Puhl, et al, 2012) and society at large arguably (Engber, 2009) kills more fat people than fat does (Teachman, et al, 2003), (Chastain, et al, 2009), (Sutin, et al, 2015). This impact is too significant not to be taken under consideration.

Anti-Fatness as Anti-Blackness

The issue of anti-fat bias is directly rooted in white supremacy. The ideal thin body was constructed as a marker of whiteness and “purity” before any of this was ever made to be about health. Dr. Sabrina Strings has spent her career studying this history. In her book, Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia, Dr. Strings discusses how constructions of race led to the thin ideal. “Over the decades, the rise in biracial children would break down the way that slave owners saw Blackness and whiteness. To combat the hypocrisy they created, owners invented new ways to dehumanize the enslaved population. They made a calculated decision to start putting more value on white physiques versus Black ones. In her research, Strings found that Black women’s bodies were otherized even more than Black males. For colonizers who hadn’t seen diverse body types before, they quickly categorized the Black female figure as ‘deviant,’ ‘greedy,’ and ‘overtly sexual.’ The fact that we still use these terms to describe fat bodies today is all the evidence we need to understand that fatphobia is directly linked to racism, not health. This mindset was also strengthened by Protestantism. Slave owners looked for any way to prove their power over the enslaved people, and they frequently used religion as ‘proof’ of their racist superiority. Additionally, Protestant belief encouraged various ways to become closer to God, which included eating as little as possible. This would resonate the most with white women. They had as much to do with perpetuating fatphobia as their husbands. White women were desperate to show their own power against Black women on the plantation, and the difference between their bodies was the perfect rift. And so began the centuries-old belief that thinness is beautiful, and fatness is ugly” (Sassenrath, 2023).

Revisiting the Journal with Context

Thinness has been an important value throughout history in the United States. Our positive associations with thinness and negative associations with fatness have led to a collective schema that is black and white, good versus bad, beautiful versus ugly, healthy versus unhealthy, and life versus death. This has led the FDA to approve Wegovy as a weight loss drug with haste, after just sixteen months of testing. It is known that going off the drug will result in rapid weight regain, so patients are expected to be on it for the rest of their lives when there have been no long-term studies. We do not yet know if the drug will have long-term effects, yet it has been approved for kids as young as twelve (FDA, 2021). As of July 2024, Novo Nordisk has a market cap of $633.01 billion (Marketcap). 

Wegovy is prescribed along with diet and exercise, which has been proven to lead to weight regain and eating disorders. Patients are being prescribed Wegovy and Ozempic when they are fat, but otherwise metabolically healthy. If this drug is truly a game changer for public health, we should be measuring how patients' health improves over the long-term rather than how much weight they lose. For example, if these drugs improve heart health, they should be prescribed as a heart health medication for patients with heart disease, rather than prescribed as a weight loss fix based on body size alone. With the evidence we have, we know it is possible to be fat and healthy, so these drugs may be solely cosmetic in many cases.

Future

If we want to improve the lives of fat people, we will remove barriers to care, not try as hard as we can to make all fat people disappear. That will never happen. If we truly cared about the well-being of fat people and not their disappearance, we would work to dismantle the systems that oppress them and abolish anti-fatness. 

Currently, fat people have next to no legal protections for being discriminated against (NAAFA, 2023). Fat people are denied housing, (Kariss, 1977) jobs, and receive less pay and promotions legally because of their size (The Economist). They are denied access to clothing, seating, transportation, and other human rights because infrastructure has been designed to exclude them. Fat people have less likelihood of receiving a fair trial (Beely, 2013), and are denied necessary surgeries (Barrett, 2022) ––but not weight loss surgery that amputates the digestive tract. Fat people are denied gender-affirming care (Conley, 2023), in vitro fertilization and reproductive healthcare (Muir, 2024), even adopting children (Carter, 2009). Fat children have been removed from their loving parents because when their diets failed, it was seen as neglect (Badshah, 2021). Fat people have disproportionately high suicide rates (Wagner, et al, 2013), and are facing medical malpractice and mistreatment (Kolata, 2016).

Can a drug fix that?

References

Karasu, Sylvia. Adolphe Quetelet and the Evolution of Body Mass Index (BMI). Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-gravity-of-weight/201603/adolphe-quetelet-and-the-evolution-of-body-mass-index-bmi 2016, March 8.

“Quetelet, Adolphe.” Eugenics Archive, www.eugenicsarchive.ca/connections? id=5233cb0f5c2ec5000000009c. Accessed 5 July 2024.

Rey-López JP, de Rezende LF, Pastor-Valero M, Tess BH. The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity: a systematic review and critical evaluation of the definitions used. ObesRev.2014 Oct;15(10):781-90. doi: 10.1111/obr.12198. Epub 2014 Jul 16. PMID: 25040597.

Matheson EM, King DE, Everett CJ. Healthy lifestyle habits and mortality in overweight and obese individuals. J Am Board Fam Med. 2012 Jan-Feb;25(1):9-15. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.110164. PMID: 22218619.

Butler, Kiera. “Why BMI Is a Big Fat Scam.” Mother Jones, 25 Aug. 2014, www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/08/why-bmi-big-fat-scam/.

Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000 Aug;106(4):473-81. doi: 10.1172/JCI10842. PMID: 10953022; PMCID: PMC380258.

Cofield SS, Corona RV, Allison DB. Use of causal language in observational studies of obesity and nutrition. Obes Facts. 2010 Dec;3(6):353-6. doi: 10.1159/000322940. Epub 2010 Dec 10. PMID: 21196788; PMCID: PMC3280017.

Medvedyuk, S., Ali, A., & Raphael, D. (2017). Ideology, obesity and the social determinants of health: a critical analysis of the obesity and health relationship. Critical Public Health, 28(5), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2017.1356910

Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000 Aug;106(4):473-81. doi: 10.1172/JCI10842. PMID: 10953022; PMCID: PMC380258.

Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 May 26;53(21):1925-32. doi: 10.1016/ j.jacc.2008.12.068. PMID: 19460605.

Uretsky S, Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Champion A, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Zhou Q, Pepine CJ. Obesity paradox in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 2007 Oct;120(10):863-70. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.05.011. PMID: 17904457.

Mullen JT, Moorman DW, Davenport DL. The obesity paradox: body mass index and outcomes in patients undergoing nonbariatric general surgery. Ann Surg. 2009 Jul;250(1):166-72. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181ad8935. PMID: 19561456.

Tseng CH. Obesity paradox: differential effects on cancer and noncancer mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Jan;226(1):186-92. doi: 10.1016/ j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.004. Epub 2012 Sep 21. PMID: 23040832.

Sutin, A. R., Stephan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2015). Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality. Psychological Science, 26(11), 1803-1811. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615601103

Tomiyama, A Janet, et al. “Long‐term Effects of Dieting: Is Weight Loss Related to Health. Socialand Personality Psychology Compass, 6 July 2017, escholarship.org/uc/item/0tv27311.

Mann T, Tomiyama AJ, Westling E, Lew AM, Samuels B, Chatman J. Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answer. Am Psychol. 2007 Apr;62(3):220-33. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.3.220. PMID: 17469900.

Patton GC, Selzer R, Coffey C, Carlin JB, Wolfe R. Onset of adolescent eating disorders: population based cohort study over 3 years. BMJ. 1999 Mar 20;318(7186):765-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7186.765. PMID: 10082698; PMCID: PMC27789.

Puhl, Rebecca, and Kelly D. Bronwell. “Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity.” Obesity Research, 6 Sept. 2012. doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.108

Engber, Daniel. “Glutton Intolerance: What If a War on Obesity Only Makes the Problem Worse?” Slate, https://slate.com/technology/2009/10/the-health-effects-of-discrimination-against-fat-people.html 5 Oct. 2009.

Teachman, B. A., Gapinski, K. D., Brownell, K. D., Rawlins, M., & Jeyaram, S. (2003). Demonstrations of implicit anti-fat bias: The impact of providing causal information and evoking empathy. Health Psychology, 22(1), 68–78.

Chastain, Ragen. “So My Doctor Tried to Kill Me.” Dances With Fat, https://danceswithfat.org/2009/12/15/so-my-doctor-tried-to-kill-me/ 15 Dec. 2009.

Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality. Psychol Sci. 2015 Nov;26(11):1803-11. doi: 10.1177/0956797615601103. Epub 2015 Sep 29. PMID: 26420442; PMCID: PMC4636946.

Sassenrath, Jenna. “Anti-Blackness Is Anti-Fatness in ‘Fearing the Black Body.’” Bookstr, bookstr.com/article/anti-blackness-is-anti-fatness-in-fearing-the-black-body/ 26 July 2023.

“Novo Nordisk (NVO) - Market Capitalization.” CompaniesMarketCap.Com - Companies Ranked by Market Capitalization, companiesmarketcap.com/novo-nordisk/marketcap/ 2024.

Commissioner, Office of the. “FDA Approves New Drug Treatment for Chronic Weight Management, First since 2014.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-drug-treatment-chronic-weight-management-first-2014. 5 July 2024.

Karris, L. (1977). Prejudice against Obese Renters. The Journal of Social Psychology, 101(1), 159–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1977.9924002

“Campaign for Size Freedom.” NAAFA, 2023,

naafa.org/sizefreedom. 5 July 2024.

“The Obesity Pay Gap Is Worse than Previously Thought.” The Economist, The Economist Newspaper, www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2023/11/23/the-obesity-pay-gap-is-worse-than-previously-thought. 5 July 2024.

Elizabeth Beety, Valena (2013) "Criminality and Corpulence: Weight Bias in the Courtroom," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol. 11: Iss. 2, Article 4. https:// digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol11/iss2/4

Berrett, Martyn. “More Obesity Discrimination: The NHS Will Deny Non-Urgent Surgery to Obese Patients.” Healthier Weight, 24 Nov. 2022, www.healthierweight.co.uk/blog/more-obesity-discrimination-the-nhs-will-deny-non-urgent-surgery-to-obese-patients/.

LaRosa, John. “U.S. Weight Loss Industry Grows to $90 Billion, Fueled by Obesity Drugs Demand.” Market Research Blog, The Freedonia Group, Inc., 2 May 2024, blog.marketresearch.com/u.s.-weight-loss-industry-grows-to-90-billion-fueled-by-obesity-drugs-demand.

Conley, H. “Studies Show Top Surgery Is Safe for FAT Patients, but Some Surgeons Still Mandate Weight Loss.” STAT, 25 July 2023, www.statnews.com/2023/06/02/top-surgery-safe-fat-patients/.

Muir, Becca. “Opinion: Women with Obesity Are Often Restricted from IVF. That’s Discriminatory.” NPR, 14 Jan. 2024, www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/01/14/1224546666/opinion-women-with-obesity-are-often-restricted-from-ivf-thats-discriminatory.

Carter, Helen. “Too Fat to Adopt - the Married, Teetotal Couple Rejected by Council Because of Man’s Weight.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 13 Jan. 2009, www.theguardian.com/society/2009/jan/13/adoption-rejected-couple.

Badshah, Nadeem. “Two Teenagers Placed in Foster Care after Weight Loss Plan Fails.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 11 Mar. 2021, amp.theguardian.com/society/2021/mar/10/two-teenagers-placed-in-foster-care-after-weight-loss-plan-fails.

Wagner B, Klinitzke G, Brähler E, Kersting A. Extreme obesity is associated with suicidal behavior and suicide attempts in adults: results of a population-based representativesample. Depress Anxiety. 2013 Oct;30(10):975-81. doi: 10.1002/da.22105. Epub 2013 Apr 10. PMID:23576272.

Kolata, Gina. “Why Do Obese Patients Get Worse Care? Many Doctors Don’t See Past the Fat.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 26 Sept. 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/09/26/health/obese-patients-health-care.html.

[dailyanarchistposts]

Take Back The World!

We are absolutely clear that it is the whole rotten capitalist system that has to be destroyed. Capitalism has nothing to offer humanity except more war, more poverty and starvation, more oppression and alienation, more pollution and degradation of the natural world. If we are to have any sort of decent life for the majority of people on this planet, if we are to establish an equitable and sustainable relationship between our species and the rest of the natural world then the capitalist system must be overthrown in order to build the world human community, anarchist communism.

The transformation of social relations between people — the Revolution — must be accompanied by a change in how humans relate to other life: other animals, plants and the ecosystem. All life (excepting humans at present) exists in a certain dynamic equilibrium with other life, since plant and animal populations interact and adjust to changes between themselves and their environment in order to maintain a stable, though changing, system. Post-revolutionary society will therefore need to establish a way of life in a similar equilibrium with the rest of nature, rather than the present relationship of domination and destruction that has resulted from industrial capitalism and class society. Practically, this would mean an end to the industrial methods of agribusiness, such as large scale monoculture that poisons the land with chemical fertilisers and pesticides, the abolition of factory farming which is harmful to both animals and people (e.g. foot and mouth disease, salmonella, BSE), and the end to the industrial fishing that is decimating fish populations and harming the environment. In place of such dangerous techniques there will have to be a system of sustainable agriculture, smaller scale, largely or wholly organic, with, for example, crop rotation to restore and maintain the soil. These changes would, for practical reasons, stimulate a move to a far less meat-dominated diet. The global trend is currently in the opposite direction, as the ‘under-developed world’ seeks (with the help of the advertising industry) to emulate the diseased, fat and additive-sodden West. Not only is this diet fundamentally detrimental to human health, it is unsustainable (and possibly unachievable) due to the vast amounts of resources (energy, land etc.) that are consumed by animals, as compared to arable (plant) production: larger areas of land are required to grow plants which feed animals to feed people. It seems obvious that the vast majority of animal experiments will end with the abolition of the profit motive (e.g. those connected with cosmetics, arms production etc). A new ethics arising from the future society’s desire to achieve a sustainable relationship in and with the rest of nature will also surely lead to a desire to minimise/abolish the exploitation of animals wherever possible.

To most people outside the small anarchist/communist milieu this will sound utopian, quixotic, old fashioned, mad. Communism? What are they talking about? Didn’t the Berlin Wall fall years ago? Aren’t we all capitalists now? Isn’t life wonderful? Of course our enemies want you to believe there is no alternative to capitalism; that the only choice is between ‘free market democracy’ and dictatorship. Despite the misuse of the word ‘communism’ by the state capitalist regimes of Eastern Europe and China, we still feel t is the best word to describe both our vision of a future society based on equality, freedom and cooperation and the real movement amongst humanity to finally abolish class-society and create a truly human community.

Capitalism is the current stage in the evolution of classsociety, of society divided into rulers and ruled, owners and owned, elite and mass and into competing elites who struggle against each other for the spoils of exploitation. The origins of class-society stretch back 10,000 years or more to the ’Neolithic Revolution’ and the establishment of agriculture and urban centres. The ‘progress’ from then to our modern world system of industrial capitalism is our ‘history’, with its unending horrors of war, slavery, genocide, empire and conquest. And yet class-society has also faced bitter resistance from within. Where there is exploitation there is always struggle against exploitation: slave revolts, peasant uprisings, riots, machine breaking, strikes, armed insurrections. And within these natural, human responses to life in class-society there have always been organised, conscious minorities who put forward the call for a different sort of society, one based on equality, freedom and co-operation. This is what is meant here by communism: a future society of equality, freedom and co-operation and the real movement towards it. Our anarchist communism aims at the overthrow of global industrial capitalism and the creation of a world human community:

without wage labour, money or the market, based around the principal “from each according to their abilities, to each according to their needs”.

without the state as an instrument of coercion, a human society based on social self-organisation and genuine planning to meet human needs and desires.

without borders or checkpoints to hinder the movement of people.

with human-scale communities organising social reproduction in such a way that everyone has the opportunity to develop their creativity; where “the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all”.

yet also maintaining a real, conscious, global unity to ensure that people can travel and communicate as they please, that knowledge, ideas, insights and pleasures can be widely shared and that problems of a global nature can be discussed and resolved.

At this point in history the degradation of the natural world caused by the action of class-society has gone so far and caused so much human misery that the communist project and the project of creating a sustainable way of life for our species on this planet are one and the same. We won’t get one without the other. It is for this reason that anti-capitalists should take the eco-catastrophe facing us very seriously and to try and shift things in a revolutionary direction.

[conlangcrab]

So basically there's this monogram neography creation method I got.

It consists solely of breaking down a complex symbol into smaller ones.

The number of final glyphs can be predicted by replacing the "x" in 2^x with the number of separate lines in the monogram.

This monogram above has a total of 12 parts. This means it can yield 4096 combinations.

That's a huge number, considering that English got 26 letters in its alphabet (excluding the apostrophe and diacritical variations of letters). It can fit the English alphabet 157 times, and there will still be some space left.

But there are some problems somewhat - the monogram here has some repeating lines, primarily the parallel ones. But that's fixable,

Just add some distinction ditty dots.

But still the question of filling it out remains open. Say I add the entire English alphabet. That's 26. Then all possible bi-letter combinations in it. That's 676, which combined with just the letters gives 702. Tri-letter combinations would be impossible, since they yield a number greater than the total sum of symbols possible (17576).

But that does leave us with 3394 symbols out of the total 4096. The only way I see this going is by adding new letters to English, but here's the thing - where to stop?

Theoretically I could fit all the possible letters in the extended Latin script probably, at least the ones in the most widespread alphabets.

But what if I go phonetic?

There's a total of 128 phonetic symbols available on Vulgarlang.com, combing all into pairs would yield a number above that of the total possible symbols (16384). But we can do one thing. Take all the consonants and multiply them by the vowels, and then again by two (impossible since 95x26 is 2660, and x2 yields 5320 which is greater than the total amount of glyphs possible). Which is a mathematical way of saying "create all possible combinations of vowels and consonants in CV pairs". So say we combine every consonant with every vowel - that's 2660. Plus 5 tonal indicators, that's 2665. Plus all the newly available superscript modifiers and all the phonetic articulation superscripts (160), that's 2825.

So to recount what we have: - All possible consonant-vowel combinations. - All phonetic symbols. - All phonetic secondary articulation symbols. And we still have 1271 symbols left.

What else can we do?

Let's add a functional symbol that flips the previous letter backwards. Say, turns /ʃʌ/ into /ʌʃ/. That leaves us with 1270 symbols - a round number, which is good.

For the fun of it how about we make 360 of them numerals? A base-360, which is one of quite notable anti-primes. It will be amazing for counting, and will include countless other numeral systems inside it wouldn't it? To write in decimal just use the numerals from 0 to 9. Also this base is like the Sumerian sexadecimal but multiplied by itself. A complete beast. Thus, 1270 - 360 = 910.

910 symbols left huh, well fuck me. Well let's consider this: let's add in all the vowels with tones applied. That'd be 28x5, thus, 140. 910 - 140 = 770.

Thus we added to the recount: - All vowels with 5 tones applied. - Base-360 numerals.

Next what. We still have 770 possible symbols left. ...Logographic?

Oookay. So let's consider this, we're just going to take the Swadesh list, maybe? Swadesh 207 list includes 207 words, five of which are numerals (from 1 to 5). If we exclude them, we get 202 words:

all

and

animal

ash

at

back

bad

bark (of a tree)

because

belly

big

bird

black

blood

bone

breast

child

cloud

cold

correct

day

dirty

dog

dry

dull (as a knife)

dust

ear

earth

egg

eye

far

fat (noun)

father

feather

few

fingernail

fire

fish

flower

fog

foot

forest

fruit

full

good

grass

green

guts

hair

hand

head

heart

heavy

here

horn

how

husband

I

ice

if

in

knee

lake

leaf

left

leg

liver

long

louse

man (adult male)

man (human being)

many

meat

moon

mother

mountain

mouth

name

narrow

near

neck

new

night

nose

not

old

other

rain

red

right

river

road

root

rope

rotten

round

salt

sand

sea

seed

sharp (as a knife)

short

skin

sky

small

smoke

smooth

snake

snow

some

star

stick

stone

straight

sun

tail

that

there

they (plural)

they (singular)

thick

thin

this

to bite

to blow

to breathe

to burn

to come

to count

to cut

to die

to dig

to drink

to eat

to fall

to fear

to fight

to float

to flow

to fly

to freeze

to give

to hear

to hit

to hold

to hunt

to kill

to know

to laugh

to lie (as in a bed)

to live

to play

to pull

to push

to rub

to say

to scratch

to see

to sew

to sing

to sit

to sleep

to smell

to spit

to split

to squeeze

to stab

to stand

to suck

to swell

to swim

to think

to throw

to tie

to turn (intransitive)

to vomit

to walk

to wash

to wipe

tongue (organ)

tooth

tree

warm

water

we

wet

what

when

where

white

who

wide

wife

wind

wing

with

woman

worm

year

yellow

you (plural)

you (singular)

Now we are left with 568 symbols. I would love someone to help me here please. I'm out of ideas, I've been writing this post for an hour while brainstorming and checking if my math is right.

[clarasuggests]

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[acceptcryptopaymentsonshopify]

There are various practices for getting out head wax securely

Head feel, by and large around called cerumen, is an all-standard substance made by the human body to protect the party stream and head drum. It traps soil, dust, and different dangerous substances to get them very distant from accomplishing the more monstrous pieces of the ear. Startlingly, everything considered a silly level of ear clean could continually make a few issues like ear issues, encountering decline, what's more defilements. ear wax transport off and discard ear wax removal near me

There are various practices for getting out head wax securely in the home shower eliminate ear wax shower

The Usage of Hearing Decays ear wax evacuation shower

Ear falls serious areas of strength for are for a huge improvement for treatment and shedding ear wax. They perform by decimating the wax and making it more straightforward to dispose of with a q-tip or hearing water structure, clearly! It's major to give for shut thought to the heading on the framework and to set the drops for the proposed time going before trusting in flight. A solid system for the blueprint is head to guaranteeing a fair outcome!

The Q-tip Approach

The use of q-tips or Q-tips for head wax treatment is only a standard practice. At any rate, early should be depleted while using these instruments. Sensitive control is a sure massive for block driving the party feel further in to the ear stream, which could achieve impaction. To help the abundancy of the treatment with plotting, it's prescribed to hose the q-tip with hearing brings or supplement fat earlier down to utilize.

Hearing Water structure

Hearing water structure - a dazzling methodology for getting out head wax with a minimized sprinkle of water! It is performed by filling a light needle or head water structure set with warmed water and successfully killing areas of strength for out for the. The water conveys the wax, which further comes to shed, particularly for those hard, affected cases. While this approach could spill over an impression of being major, it is key for see that it should be executed by a skilled clinical idea with respect to ready for most past silly sensibility and security. In this way, while you're orchestrating immaterial hearing sparkle, continue and the assistance of a specialist for a concentrated hearing water structure.

Gifted Treatment

In unambiguous occasions, the ear feel might be richly or affected to dispose of at home. In these cases, looking for the extra of a clinical advantages fit is better. They can utilize unequivocal instruments, for example, curettes, forceps or pull things to discard the wax. It is major to have an expert take out the head astounding as they've the secret fixing and expecting to do this securely and truly.

Hearing shimmer, yet a key part in protecting the ear stream and head drum, can make issues when an exceptionally complete accumulates. There are a couple of systems for discarding hearing shimmer securely, for example, utilizing ear hacks down, q-tip thinking, head water plan, or picking gifted discharge. Structure the clearing system with early notice quite a bit early a ton early ought to sting any standard complexities. Expecting that one is brutal about the fitting structure for flight or exercises responsiveness or torment, finding the help of a specialist is sensible.

[shining-skull]

RETRO RASCALS RECAP: SESSION 1

We had our first session of the campaign I'm calling "Retro Rascals" the other day. It's heavily based on the Tunnel Goonies game by Jimmy Shelter and uses the Tunnel Goons rules by Nate Treme.

The characters in the game are:

Chet Bonks (Kid Brother, Age 6): Knobby knees, covered in bandages, T-ball & baseball fan

Bobby Henderson (Chubby Kid, Age 12): Pigeon-toed, good at video games

Lionell Jett (Nerd, Age 7): Coke-bottle glasses, Superman cape

Brett Macchio (Athlete, Age 8): Filthy, wears a sweatband

Our session began on the first day of summer with the children meeting up at their tree house and deciding to go to Zed's Arcade to investigate a rumor they had discovered from reading a poster stuck on a telephone pole: Tony DeLucci, a neighborhood kid, had been missing for a week. Some parents were saying that he might have been kidnapped by Satanists. The arcade was the last place he had been seen.

On the way there, they were waylaid by the O'Tool Brothers: Doyle, the eldest & a fat bastard, and his brothers Lloyd, Dwight, and Wayne. The O'Tools are bullies who want to pound on all the neighborhood kids. Lionel deftly tangled their bike spokes with a thrown slinky and the kids hid out in the mall.

After buying some hot dogs, marbles, and stealing a handful of coins from the mall fountain by distracting the mall cop with a photograph the kids made their way to Zed's Arcade. When they got there they bumped into a rival kid-gang, the Hillstreet Heros. They learned that Tony DeLucci, the missing kid, disappeared after having got the high score on the new game, Dungeons of Zork. Some kids were saying that the game was cursed. The kids decide to play the game to see if they could find any clues. After a couple of tries, Bobby got the high score.

The children awoke, after a dizzying flash, in a dungeon room in front of a locked door with many keyholes numbered 1 to 10. Above the door was a sign reading "Step into the Odd". Looking up further, the children saw a glass ceiling looking out into the arcade above, enormous kid faces peering at the machine. They had been sucked into the Dugneons of Zork videogame!

The children puzzled out that they needed to insert the key into the odd numbered locks on the door and got it open. In the next dungeon room they saw a group of goblins playing cards around a campfire. The kids introduced themselves and shared a candy bar that they had bought at the mall to get past. They traversed a rickety bridge over a bottomless pit in the next room and stepped into Zork's throneroom.

Within the throneroom they saw Zork, a fat and disgusting demon wielding an unholy electric guitar, about to lower Tony DeLucci, his captive, into a pit of lava! After a pitched battle, Bobby attacked with his BB Gun and shot the demon right in the butt, destroying him. The children rescued Tony, looted the Heckshredder guitar and it's unholy amplifier, and passed through a magical portal to escape.

They woke up in a dumpster in an alley behind the arcade. It was almost dark and they needed to get home soon to avoid being spanked and grounded, but decided to drop by the library next door to research about Satanists to see if they might have something to do with the demonic arcade game.

After arriving, the librarian told the boys that she suspected Satanists were about since the library's copy of the D&D Dungeon Master's Guide had been stolen. The children wandered the library for a while and got lost since no one understood the Dewey decimal system. Wandering the corridors of books they found themselves in a spooky room full of animal skeletons. In the room was Father O'Tool, uncle of the O'Tool bullies and Catholic priest. He warned the boys not to mess around with Satanists and gave them a holy pamphlet about Jesus.

The kids found their way out of the library and pedaled home like bats out of hell to make it back before dark . .

It was a pretty silly session but lots of fun!

[wlwinpetalandleaf]

I get sick and then suddenly it's time to nosedive right back into all the fanfiction I can. I relapsed. And it's all still SUPER indulgent and cloying, leaving a slick (so to speak) of fat coating my gums and my teeth. I knew when I first touched ao3 on Sat this would happen and I DID IT ANYWAY. And now I've got a coldsore because all of this fanfiction has absolutely decimated my immune system.

Anyway I finally read Fire Lily and it was good! And I reread Quiet Rapture because I'm weak. ABO compels me, what can I say. If I wasn't so afraid of what it would do to me in my current state I'd give writing it a go, but I literally think that would destroy me and I'd never be able to return to who I am now if I did. The apple in God's Eden = writing ABO fanfic. More similar than u think.

I should finish reading the lit fic I've got cooking anyway. I'm like halfway through and I could be done by tonight. But. If I vacuum the house then I could do a whole lot of sewing... which speaks to me. And I've got nonfiction audiobooks from Libby I could listen to at the same time! Now THATS what I call wholesome. I'd say the antithesis of ABO but lbr... ABO is just a queerer way of dreaming tradwife dreams... They're arguably just two different twigs on the same raunchy sex branch of the fetish tree. The whole point is to be both wholesome and fuck disgusting-like until your heart is content. Sewing is basically the same, or I guess the way I do it it is.

[afactaday]

#aFactADay2022

#404: *error 404: not found* the Babylonians invented zero - the nothing number. they had a pretty cool number system, in base 60, meaning each digit represented a power of sixty. but each digit was further composed of decimal symbols - more alike what you are used too. they had a big problem differentiating between (the equivalent of) things like 306, 36 and 360 because they would all be written the same, so astronomers started putting spaces in their notes to indicate nothing. then some genius decided to plop a symbol in that space so that it couldnt be confused. that symbol changed a lot from two pointy needle things on top of each other to the beautiful ellipse we know and love, but back in the day Archimedes was a little bit suspicious - he didnt like the idea of nothing existing in space and used his big fat influence to ensure it never became a number. it took another couple millenia before some smart italian bankers found it useful and voila!

[the-firebird69]

This is what they look like a lot. I'm trying to say that Jason is one doing it and it's not going to work. They have also attracted attention and they're attracting it with their comments they can get very big and their attitude is such. Howard Stern has not been on the air for 2 years because he's been off working as a giant he is very huge right now almost 300 miles at times he's working on your project Bill easy Billy z and he's assembling the ships and they're getting ready to launch it might be within a few days but we think a few weeks they are aggressive and mean and powerful. That's Giants they're on par with Dave no they're probably on par with Arnie and he was a powerful Giant he used to lift things that were twice his weight and that means the Giants are strong they're not weaklings and you guys have to watch out for that and it's true. Almost invincible but you guys don't even think he is one which is good at this time because these Giants are going to stand up and they're going to decimate huge numbers of you across the board and they're going to take the clans to Saturn they're going to try and disarm the AI in order to rebuild it and study the code to rewrite it and they are not well enough educated and they don't use systems that make sense and they're very arrogant and two arrogant and they push and pull on each other to get them to do stuff it's not the right people and a lot of people know it the max know it and they're going to try and stop them we know it and we're going to be there as Giants that's certain point and we're huge gigantic and unstoppable

This image is a representative of a certain era and he was around back then and he still is and you had Jason look like him and they're going to do it in Harry Potter very soon and to try and escape blame and it doesn't come out too great but comes out half decent mostly Jason gets a huge fat ass so he's looking at his butt a lot it is trying to make him stronger and it works.

It is actually funny but it's terrifying because of what they're doing and what they can do and we must keep a close eye and watch and the devices they can carry around are gigantic

Thor Freya

We have some recommendations don't let him do that at all and you said okay that's a good idea any device inside big should not exist under there and if it does I can go home and we're going to send a limit and Zeus and Hera are assigning me to do that and I'm sending it in I have it ready

Duke Nukem Blockbuster

You see why your safety isn't such and then there's Doomsday and so on we don't we don't want any of it but okay we will look at it and if they're in trouble there going to lose some stuff

Thor Freya

Olympus

[emilybusroh26-blog]

Fat Decimator System Review (2019) ⚠️WARNING⚠️ Watch This First!

[3hakisebooks]

Fat Decimator System Review (2018) ⚠️WARNING⚠️ Don't Buy Fat Decimator ...

[dietingtips4u-blog]

What is the Fat Decimator System

The Fat Decimator System is a complete method for losing weight, dropping fat, building muscle, and looking great.

You might have spent your time looking at many different diet plans, and come to the conclusion that you’ll never get anywhere. There’s too much contradictory advice, too much eat-this and don’t-eat-that, but never with any real explanation as to why.

You’ll drive yourself crazy wondering whether you should go low fat, high fat, low protein, low carb, or just stop eating altogether. In the end, you’ll just give up and carry on as you always have.

The problem with doing that is you’ll always get the same result – remember, the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again, while expecting a different result.

If you don’t change something in your life, your life will never change.

The Fat Decimator Built with a Plan

One of the biggest problems with diet plans is that they never really involve a true plan. Diet guidelines may be a better term to describe them.

The Fat Decimator System is planned like a military operation. It is designed so that you get results – BIG results – in 3 weeks. Your diet guidelines will tell you how to eat for the rest of your life, and that’s fine – but the Fat Decimator system gets to action straight away.

If it were to take any longer, you’d soon lose interest. It’s been shown that humans have a short attention span and always want things to happen as quickly as possible. Three weeks is no time at all to potential lose 20 pounds of excess weight.

How does Fat Decimator work?

By modifying what you eat regularly and mastering your metabolism, you can start to drop weight quickly. Furthermore, by taking account of the nutrient your body actually needs, and adding exercise to the mix, you’ve got a system that makes losing fat a breeze.

It’s not going to be easy – there are going to be some changes you need to make. But if you don’t start making these changes now, when are you going to start? Tomorrow or the next day? Soon, it will be too late, and you physically won’t be able to make any changes.

The time to act is now.

I know nothing about exercise!

Of course you don’t! That’s how you got to where you are now. But you CAN exercise. Go outside, take a walk – that’s exercise.

You don’t have to join a gym and start lifting heavy weights in order to start exercising. As time goes on, you may decide to do just that – but first of all you just need to take action.

The Fat Decimator System walks you through the process step by step, and even if you’ve never attempted anything like this before you can be sure that you are in safe hands.

If you want to get in shape and lose those excess pounds, the Fat Decimator system is the only sensible choice.

source: the fat decimator system review

[mothercareguide]

HOW TO LOSE WEIGHT FAST USING THE FAT DECIMATOR SYSTEM

[mathisharaina-blog]

5 Reasons Why You Can't Lose Weight

With its ability to lessen Fat Decimator System Review appetite, you'll be eating less than you have ever thought possible. The prolonged gastric emptying time caused by this diet pill makes you feel fuller in a longer duration of time. Sooner or later, you won't be snacking anymore. Plus, you'll be feeling more alive than you've ever been before. The invigorating effects of the plants enable you to become more outgoing while gradually getting the body you've always wanted. With Zotrim, there's nothing to lose except those unwanted fats, extra inches in your waistline and the huge clothing line you keep in your closet. Once you're the man or woman you want to be, you'll be filled with confidence and self-esteem that you have never before felt in your entire fat life.

So you've tried everything but you still can't lose weight. Here are three recent discoveries that may help you lose some pounds. People who are just starting to lose weight often face the following dilemma: should I cut carbs or fat? The answer: it does not matter! A two-year study found that people lost almost the same amount of weight whether they were on a low-carbohydrate diet or a traditional low-fat diet. However, here is what else has been discovered: people in both groups only lost an average of about 7% of their weight 2 years after starting their diet. If you still want to know which diet to choose, this finding may help you: the low-carb diet improves a bit more blood pressure and levels of "good" cholesterol.

The study appears in new issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine. Many doctors and dieticians often tell overweight people to lose weight in small increments. Why? Because they believe that if you lose lots of weight quickly you are more likely to gain most of it back. This is wrong, according to a new study. Scientists have discovered that no matter how much weight you initially lose, you will gain back a similar percentage of that weight over the next year. They concluded that if long-term weight loss is what you want, you should lose a high amount of weight. The study was published online in Obesity Reviews. Here is a really unique way to lose weight - have a knee or hip replacement surgery!

Researchers have found that, after their surgery, almost 20% of the people had considerable weight loss - 5% or more of body weight and decreased body mass index (BMI). It was also discovered that knee replacement patients were more likely than hip replacement patients to experience a noteworthy decrease in BMI. Researchers accredit the weight loss to a better and healthier lifestyle after surgery. When you change your diet by cutting down on your over consumption of food you will begin to feel hungry during certain times of the day. This is nothing to worry about as it is a natural reaction especially if it's the first month of your new diet plan.

http://wedidreviewforyou.com/fat-decimator-system-reviews/

[loseweightstayfit-blog1]

Start Losing Weight Today - Extremely Effective No Exercise System

When it pertains to dieting, far too many people set themselves up for failure prior to they even start the process. They actually dread going on their diets and prior to they begin the procedure are preparing their incidents along the method. Sad to state but real, far a lot of would be dieters are preparing their first Rocky Roadway mishap while eating their last bowl of Rocky Roadway before the huge occasion. I have no idea why we tend to do this to ourselves but it is something I see in dieters everywhere. The far too popular notion is that a person need to binge on the foods most liked and taken pleasure in before starting the dieting process because these things should be totally removed in order to shed those unwanted pounds. If you are truthful with yourself, nothing could be even more from the fact. Small amounts is simply an idea that a number of us are loathe to embrace. You should alter your method of considering food and your personal satisfaction of food in order for any diet plan you accept to be effective. Food isn't the enemy. And that is something that insufficient people truly understand. Even the 'delicious' foods aren't the opponent. The enemy is your personal failure to appropriately portion the foods you consume. The issue is that the huge bulk people eat the wrong foods far more frequently than we consume the ideal foods. This is where the problems lie. Our bodies need the nutrients we are doing not have by not consuming the 5 servings of veggies and three portions of fruit each day that we need to consume. Our bodies know that something is missing and we feel starving or deprived. If we were actually taking in the proper balance of fruits and veggies every day we would find that we were far less most likely to feel starving and desire those foods that aren't as healthy. This suggests we would be a lot more most likely to enjoy them in moderation as they must be enjoyed. Part control is another problem that we have. We live in a society of "up selling". Super sized french fries and empty calories by the gallon of your favorite cola are used with nearly every junk food meal that can be bought. You must find out to say no to these things and prevent scenarios in which you may feel tempted to partake in these up sized orders. To be really effective when dieting you require to embrace the process as developing a much healthier you rather than denying yourself of something. Do not believe of your weigh loss plan as something unfavorable however rather a favorable force in your life to make changes for the much better. When you have unfavorable thoughts do not direct them at your diet plan. When you feel denied remind yourself that you are depriving your bones of bring around that excess weight. Advise yourself that you are depriving your wardrobe of those bulky clothing that are developed to hide the bulges. Remind yourself that you are denying your body of years of bulges and reviving the body of your youth. Do not get so caught up in the dieting process that you forget to enjoy a few of the goodies that life needs to offer. Seeing your weight and counting your calories does not suggest that you can never ever go over your allotment. The goal however is to discover balance. If you learn to part your food properly, indulge in small amounts, and incorporate satisfying calorie burning activities into your everyday regimen you may be surprised at the outcomes. Dieting for weight loss and health is just depriving if you allow it to be. If you can not manage yourself when it pertains to indulging then by all ways avoid indulging. However, if you can learn to include those small treats into your regimen in small amounts and burn those extra calories as well, then you should find yourself a much better and more successful 'dieter' than you have ever handled to be in the past.

[blessthestars-blog]

Fat Decimator System Review

Have you been one of those folks who is fighting with the extra weight for a long time, but couldn't eventually become successful in discovering the right remedy? If yes, then there's absolutely not any requirement to stress as you aren't alone as almost 1 / 2 of these Americans is confronting this matter. The main reason for that's the cramp & fully processed foods that we are feeding to your own body on a normal basis. However, that you do not need to worry as our team will today examine a popular weight loss guide.

In this post, we'll talk about "Fat Decimator System" that claimed to help people in losing as much as 40 pounds within your system. Please check the full article & then make your final decision to buy this application rather than even easily.

Slimming down isn't that easy. Often even, after controlling the percentage size, people cannot eliminate the belly fat or the unwelcome fat in body parts. One of those problems of ingesting is you feel feeble, and you'll be able to overeat if appropriate carbs are not taken.

This is the reason whenever you are trying to eliminate weight, you want to follow a systematic plan. This really is where the Fat Decimator system comes into play with. With the assistance of Fat Decimator system, it is possible to make certain of reducing weight easily, without decreasing the caloric intake of your entire body, or setting down. So, let us have a look at this Fat Decimator Review.

So, now that you understand concerning it much easier means of slimming down, it's the right time to get started. All you want to do is purchase the Fat Decimator system from a reputable source, and you'd certainly be in a position to lose those extra calories easily.

More info @ http://fatdecimator.info/