Food Poisoning -How Food can get Contaminated
By Arjuwan Lakkdawala
Ink in the Internet
Each year thousands around the world die from food poisoning, and others get their immune system compromised.
It is of particular concern when travelling, because food is the one thing we need daily, and while we may have a good idea about the types of foods and restaurants to avoid in our hometown, it may not be the case when travelling.
Food safety isn't just about avoiding restaurants that don't appear to be clean. It is about knowing how food can get contaminated even when cooked at home. Preservatives could prevent spoilage from appearing on foods that have gotten contaminated.
In 2020 nine members of a family died in their home after eating noodles that had been left in the freezer for over a year, and in another case seven members of a family died after having soup.
In 2019 a student died in his sleep after eating pasta that had been left out at room temperature for 5 days, he put sauce on it and couldn't tell it had gone rotten.
The noodles had gotten contaminated with
Bongkrekic acid which is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli, it's a toxin which most people are unaware of and because it is odorless and tasteless can go undetected in the food, and is not destroyed by cooking. Bongkrekic acid is a source of food poisoning in fermented foods and corn starch, etc. Most cases of this poisoning are fatal.
There is no antidote for the toxin, it effects the mitochondria which are organelles that generate energy for our bodies.
Bongkrekic acid causes death of the cells, severe cases may result in kidney damage, liver failure, and coma.
Even the slightest dose can be fatal, and because it is a foodborne toxin, it cannot be estimated how much of it there may be in contaminated food. The death rate is from 40 to 100%.
Symptoms include dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, stomachache, hyperglycemia, (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
"In 2018, a family of seven in China became ill after eating wet rice noodles that were later found to be contaminated with bongkrekic acid. The noodles, which had been treated with preservatives, did not exhibit any signs of spoilage; two family members and the family dog (which was fed some of the leftover noodles) died."
Bird Flu is another reemerging threat to food contamination. Usually this virus only infects birds, but through direct contact or consumption can get humans infected.
Sadly poultry are often culled inhumanely when there is an outbreak of the virus in the bird population.
Phylogenetic analyses and phylogeographical studies have shown that bird trade more than bird migration is often behind the infection spreading.
It is a virus that speads amongst waterfowls like ducks, geese, swans, and then can infect chickens and turkeys.
Bird Flu also known as Avian flu, its current alarming strain is H5N1, which is highly pathogenic -classiefied as such because of its ability to cause disease and death in chickens, its first sequenced strain (H1N1) goes back to the 1918 Spanish Influenza that killed 50 million people.
Other IAV pandemics that followed were H2N2 in 1957 (Asian Flu) Deaths worldwide estimate 2 million
H3N2 in 1968 (Hong Kong Flu) Deaths worldwide estimate 4 million (reports vary)
H1N1 in 2009 (Swine Flu) Deaths worldwide estimate 575,400
Although the pandemic is not wholly blamed on Avian Flu but it is considered to be of avian influenza origin.
The emergence of new strains of H5N1 has been studied to be by reassortment events between genes of domestic and wild birds.
Why it is so important to monitor the phylogenetic tree of Avian Flu is its mortality rate of close to 60% according to the CFR (Case Fatality Rate) documented in a study. The CFR of Covid-19 is difficult to estimate because not every case with COVID-19 gets reported, the virus has so far killed close to 7 million people and infected close to 700 million.
If the Spanish Influenza could have a Avian Flu origin that means so can future pandemics and the mortality rate could go higher with mutations.
Recently a report from China that was uploaded to the Internet and then removed for unknown reasons, some data in it made headlines like the presence of the genes of racoon dogs in samples taken from the wet market where the outbreak happened.
Why this is a matter of debate is because Covid-19 origin is still a mystery. Since no infected animals were found in the market.
Dr. Edward Holmes, a biologist at Sydney University, says in 2014 he had visited the wet market in Wuhan, China, and observed caged racoon dogs, with cages of birds sitting on top, exactly the environment conducive for the transmission of new viruses.
Beef that is consumed worldwide also has safety hazards like the outbreak of Mad Cow Disease that can spillover the species barrier with a human version of the disease called Creutzfeld-Jakob disease ( vCJD).
There is currently no way to test livestock for Mad Cow Disease, only after the animal dies swabs from the brain are taken to test for the abnormal prion protein. There are many products that have beef derivatives including pet food. Beef derivative contaminated with the diseases was found in pet food and there was the 2003 UK outbreak. Health officials have not been able to eliminate the disease.
Pet foods unfortunately do not go health screening like food for human consumption, and there have been pet food recalls because the food was contaminated and pets died with renal failure. I personally don't recommend pet food for pets in a long term diet, instead feed them food meant for human consumption as a safer and healthier option.
The inhumane culling of birds should also not be overlooked and I hope authorities will make the effort to find painless procedures of culling birds.
Bird trade to keep as pets should also be stopped, birds don't belong in cages and the trade could help the spread of viruses.
Another food contamination source is lead and mercury. As well as salmonella. In the news often food products get recalled due to these.
According to the World Health Organization
An estimated 600 million that is practically 1 in 10 people in the world fall ill after eating contaminated food and 420,000 die each year.
Foodborn illnesses are usually infectious or toxic in nature.
"Chemical poisoning which is also a food poisoning hazard can cause acute poisoning or long term diseases such as cancer, or cause long-lasting disability or death."
Other dangers include food that is deadly in itself.
Pufferfish in Japaness is called Fugu, the highly poisonous fish is consumed in Japan after being prepared by experienced chefs who have to obtain a licence to prepare it. Yet annually there are deaths from eating the fish.
The mortality rate is 60%
After consuming the toxin in the fish you have only sixty minutes to get medical help.
Fugu ovaries, intestines, and liver contain the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, it is 1,200 times more deadly than cyanide.
A lethal dose of tetrodotoxin is smaller than the head of a needle.
One fish has enough poison to kill 30 people.
So be careful what you order next time you are in a foreign restaurant
"Sannakji, a Korean dish, is live baby octopus tentacles that are cut into pieces, seasoned and served immediately.
Culinary daredevils eat the tentacles while they are still writhing on the plate, which is a very dangerous game.
Suction pads on the tentacles maintain suction even after the tentacles are severed, so diners must chew the tentacles before they stick to the roof of the mouth.
If they don’t, the tentacles can stick to the mouth and throat and cause the customer to choke to death."
Copyright ©️ Arjuwan Lakkdawala 2023
Arjuwan Lakkdawala is an author and independent journalist. Twitter/Instagram @Spellrainia
Sources:
American Society for Microbiology- Microbiology Resource Announcements -
Complete Genomic Sequences of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses Obtained Directly from Human Autopsy Specimens
Kantima Sangsiriwut, Mongkol Uiprasertkul, [...], and Pilaipan Puthavathana
Center for food safety - timeline of Mad Cow disease
PRB - Resource Library Avian Flu and Influenza Pandemics- Sandra Yin, former associate editor
Avian Flu and Influenza Pandemics
Royal Society Publishing - Philosophical Transactions B - A brief history of bird flu
Samantha J. Lycett, Florian Duchatel, and Paul Digard
Our World in Data - Mortality Risk of Covid-19
Poison Control - National Capital for Poison Center - Bongkrekic acid poisoning from fermented foods
Canadian Institute of Food Safety- 8 of the most dangerous foods
World Health Organisation- Food Safety
The Street - China Has a History of Selling Dangerous Products to U.S. Consumers
EMILY STEWART
U.S. Department of Agriculture - BSE Surveillance Information Center
Horizon Megazine - The EU Resesrch and Innovation Megazine -The Mad Cow Disease crisis - how Europe’s health research came of age - Garry Finnegan
Toronto Star - They analyzed Chinese data on the origins of COVID. Now, these researchers have been cut off from a global database, and accused of ‘scooping’
By Steve Mckinley, staff reporter.
The New York Times -
New Data Links Pandemic’s Origins to Raccoon Dogs at Wuhan Market by Benjamin Mueller
CBS News - Bird flu's grisly question: How to kill millions of poultry
India Today - China: 9 of a family die after having noodles kept in freezer for a year
Insider - A student died in his sleep after eating 5-day-old pasta that had been left out by James Felton IFL Science
Scitable - Nature Education - Reading a Phylogenetic Tree: The Meaning of Monophyletic Groups
By: David Baum, Ph.D. (Dept. of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Ave., Madison, WI) © 2008 Nature Education
Citation: Baum, D. (2008) Reading a Phylogenetic Tree: The Meaning of Monophyletic Groups. Nature Education 1(1):190
Mayo Clinic - Salmonella Infection
CDC - Bird Flu in People
FDA - All About BSE (Mad Cow Disease)
Delishably - Puffer Fish Sushi: How Fugu Kills You
INDIA ARNOLD
Daily News - Family in China dies after eating spoiled frozen noodles
By David Matthews
New York Daily News
CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease
0 notes
Jazz, holding a mushroom stake she made for damian as gift at gun point: any last words?
Ectocontaminated mushroom stake : you mere mortal can not kill me in a way that matters.
Jazz, cocking the gun: try me
----
Jazz: Here, I made this for you
Tiny damian vibrating with excitement because his favourite chef made more food: Give me!
Jazz raises an eyebrow:...
Damian stops stuffing his mouth: Thank you, Jazlyn.
-----
Jazz, fist fighting a whole undead turkey: And always make sure to wear your gloves, we don't want a speck of ow dirt on it.
The turkey: * curses in turkey*
The chefs who's numbers are dwindling because Thalia hates that their food is not as delicious as the new cook's:
----
Ra's al ghoul forcing a blush down: *slowly takes a bit out of his food*
Ra's: ...
Ra's: DAMMIT Thalia the spaghetti is mine!
Thalia hiding in the walls:
-------
Thalia ogling at the new chefs muscles:
Jazz stabbing a screaming octopus: Hi! Can I help you?
Thaila an assassin, who's sitting on the counter right infront of Jazz, shamelessly staring at her: You could take of your chef jacket. I know blood can be hard to clean.
Jazz breaking it's spine: Good idea!
@phantom00maverick @jackpoompkin
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