#nathaniel pendleton

[yr-obedt-cicero]

A recording of Hamilton's days following the duel

July 8th, 1804

Sunday morning, Hamilton walked with Eliza “over all the pleasant scenes” of the Grange estate, and returned home at noon. He read the morning service of the Episcopal church. The hours until evening were spent “in kind companionship” with his family. And at the end of the day, Hamilton gathered his children around him under a near tree, he laid with them upon the grass until it turned dark. [x] According to Alexander Hamilton Jr. in an interview; “Col. Smith, son in-law of John Adams, had dined with us, and the result of a conversation on the subject was a tacit agreement on my father's part not to fight.” [x]

July 9th, 1804

Monday morning, Hamilton left Eliza at the Grange and rode down to lower Manhattan, to his town house at 54 Cedar Street with his four eldest sons. After taking care of his urgent clients and affairs, he drafted his will.

Source — Library of Congress, Digital Collections. Alexander Hamilton Papers: Miscellany, 1711-1820; Hamilton, Alexander; Last will and testament

In the Name of God Amen! I Alexander Hamilton of the City of New York Counsellor at Law do make this my last Will and Testament as follows. First I appoint John B Church Nicholas Fish and Nathaniel Pendleton of the City aforesaid Esquires to be Executors and Trustees of this my Will and I devise to them their heirs and Assigns, as joint Tenants and not as Tenants in common, All my Estate real and personal whatsoever and wheresoever upon Trust at their discretion to sell and dispose of the same, at such time and times in such manner and upon such terms as they the Survivors and Survivor shall think fit and out of the proceeds to pay all the Debts which I shall owe at the time of my decease, in whole, if the fund shall be sufficient, proportionally, if it shall be insufficient, and the residue, if any there shall be to pay and deliver to my excellent and dear Wife Elizabeth Hamilton.

Though if it shall please God to spare my life I may look for a considerable surplus out of my present property—Yet if he should speedily call me to the eternal wor[l]d, a forced sale as is usual may possibly render it insufficient to satisfy my Debts. I pray God that something may remain for the maintenance and education of my dear Wife and Children. But should it on the contrary happen that there is not enough for the payment of my Debts, I entreat my Dear Children, if they or any of them shall ever be able, to make up the Deficiency. I without hesitation commit to their delicacy a wish which is dictated by my own. Though conscious that I have too far sacrificed the interests of my family to public avocations & on this account have the less claim to burthen my Children, yet I trust in their magnanimity to appreciate as they ought this my request. In so unfavourable an event of things, the support of their dear Mother with the most respectful and tender attention is a duty all the sacredness of which they will feel. Probably her own patrimonial resources will preserve her from Indigence. But in all situations they are charged to bear in mind that she has been to them the most devoted and best of mothers. In Testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my hand the Ninth day of July in the year of our lord One thousand Eight hundred & four.

Alexander Hamilton

Signed sealed published & declared as and for his last Will and Testament in our presence who have subscribed the same in his presence.

The words John B Church being above interlined.

Dominick T Blake

Graham Newell

Theo B Valleau

Source — Last Will and Testament of Alexander Hamilton, [9 July 1804]

According to John C. Hamilton, while he was executing it, a friend came in and related to him his fear of an intended fraud. Hamilton took him by the arm and said, “Let us walk past the counting-room of these people. Perhaps, on seeing us together, they may think it expedient to do you justice.” The expedient succeeded. [x]

In the afternoon, the regulations of the duel were finalized by Van Nass and Pendleton. [x] Hamilton wrote that Assignment of Debts and Grant of Power of Attorney would be placed on John B. Church. This was included in a list of seven items given to Nathaniel Pendleton. [x]

Know all Men by these Presents, That I Alexander Hamilton of the City of New York Counsellor at law, in consideration of one Dollar to me in hand paid by John B Church Esquire, (the receipt whereof is hereby acknowleged) have bargained sold assigned and conveyed and hereby do bargain sell assign & convey to the said John B Church all and singular the debts due owing and payable to me: which are specified in the schedule hereunto annexed to be by him collected and the proceeds applied first towards the payment of all and every the debt and debts which I owe to my household and other servants and labourers, and to the Woman who washes for Mrs. Hamilton—and secondly towards the satisfaction and discharge of certain accommodation notes made by me and indorsed by him and which have been or shall be discounted in and by the Manhattan Bank and the Office of Discount & Deposit of the Bank of the United States in the City of New York. And for this purpose I do hereby constitute and appoint him my Attorney to ask demand sue for recover and receive the said Debts and every of them and upon receipt thereof or any part thereof to make and give acquittances. In Witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed & set my hand and seal the Ninth day of July in the year of our lord One thousand Eight hundred & four.

A. Ham⟨ilton⟩

Source — Assignment of Debts and Grant of Power of Attorney to John B. Church, [9 July 1804]

The last remaining hours of the day were spent with his old Treasury protégé, Oliver Wolcott Jr., who later wrote; “Hamilton spent the afternoon & evening of Monday with our friends at my House in Company with Mr. Hopkinson of Phil’. He was uncommonly cheerful and gay The duel had been determined on for ten days.” [x]

July 10th, 1804

The following document is undated, but is theorized to have been composed or finished on Hamilton's last work day, Tuesday. Hamilton wrote a list of reasonings as to why he accepted the challenge;

Source — New York Historical Society. Alexander Hamilton statement on impending duel with Aaron Burr, undated, [July 10, 1804(?)]

On my expected interview with Col Burr, I think it proper to make some remarks explanatory of my conduct, motives and views.

I am certainly desirous of avoiding this interview, for the most cogent reasons.

1 My religious and moral principles are strongly opposed to the practice of Duelling, and it would even give me pain to be obliged to shed the blood of a fellow creature in a private combat forbidden by the laws.

2 My wife and Children are extremely dear to me, and my life is of the utmost importance to them, in various views.

3 I feel a sense of obligation towards my creditors; who in case of accident to me, by the forced sale of my property, may be in some degree sufferers. I did not think my self at liberty, as a man of probity, lightly to expose them to this hazard.

4 I am conscious of no ill-will to Col Burr, distinct from political opposition, which, as I trust, has proceeded from pure and upright motives.

Lastly, I shall hazard much, and can possibly gain nothing by the issue of the interview.

But it was, as I conceive, impossible for me to avoid it. There were intrinsick difficulties in the thing, and artificial embarrassments, from the manner of proceeding on the part of Col Burr.

Intrinsick—because it is not to be denied, that my animadversions on the political principles character and views of Col Burr have been extremely severe, and on different occasions, I, in common with many others, have made very unfavourable criticisms on particular instances of the private conduct of this Gentleman.

In proportion as these impressions were entertained with sincerity and uttered with motives and for purposes, which might appear to me commendable, would be the difficulty (until they could be removed by evidence of their being erroneous), of explanation or apology. The disavowal required of me by Col Burr, in a general and indefinite form, was out of my power, if it had really been proper for me to submit to be so questionned; but I was sincerely of opinion, that this could not be, and in this opinion, I was confirmed by that of a very moderate and judicious friend whom I consulted. Besides that Col Burr appeared to me to assume, in the first instance, a tone unnecessarily peremptory and menacing, and in the second, positively offensive. Yet I wished, as far as might be practicable, to leave a door open to accommodation. This, I think, will be inferred from the written communications made by me and by my direction, and would be confirmed by the conversations between Mr van Ness and myself, which arose out of the subject.

I am not sure, whether under all the circumstances I did not go further in the attempt to accommodate, than a pun[c]tilious delicacy will justify. If so, I hope the motives I have stated will excuse me.

It is not my design, by what I have said to affix any odium on the conduct of Col Burr, in this case. He doubtless has heared of animadversions of mine which bore very hard upon him; and it is probable that as usual they were accompanied with some falshoods. He may have supposed himself under a necessity of acting as he has done. I hope the grounds of his proceeding have been such as ought to satisfy his own conscience.

I trust, at the same time, that the world will do me the Justice to believe, that I have not censured him on light grounds, or from unworthy inducements. I certainly have had strong reasons for what I may have said, though it is possible that in some particulars, I may have been influenced by misconstruction or misinformation. It is also my ardent wish that I may have been more mistaken than I think I have been, and that he by his future conduct may shew himself worthy of all confidence and esteem, and prove an ornament and blessing to his Country.

As well because it is possible that I may have injured Col Burr, however convinced myself that my opinions and declarations have been well founded, as from my general principles and temper in relation to similar affairs—I have resolved, if our interview is conducted in the usual manner, and it pleases God to give me the opportunity, to reserve and throw away my first fire, and I have thoughts even of reserving my second fire—and thus giving a double opportunity to Col Burr to pause and to reflect.

It is not however my intention to enter into any explanations on the ground. Apology, from principle I hope, rather than Pride, is out of the question.

To those, who with me abhorring the practice of Duelling may think that I ought on no account to have added to the number of bad examples—I answer that my relative situation, as well in public as private aspects, enforcing all the considerations which constitute what men of the world denominate honor, impressed on me (as I thought) a peculiar necessity not to decline the call. The ability to be in future useful, whether in resisting mischief or effecting good, in those crises of our public affairs, which seem likely to happen, would probably be inseparable from a conformity with public prejudice in this particular.

Source — Statement on Impending Duel with Aaron Burr, [28 June–10 July 1804]

Hamilton ran into a family friend and client on Broadway, Dirck Ten Broeck, who reminded him that he had forgotten to deliver a promised legal opinion. Afterward, Broeck reflected with astonishment on Hamilton's reaction; “He was really ashamed of his neglect, but [said] that I must call on him the next day, Wednesday—(the awful fatal day)—at 10 o'clock, when he would sit down with me, lock the door, and then we would finish the business.” [x]

Hamilton wrote to Theodore Sedgwick, his friend of many years, who had been the channel of his most useful communications on the policy of the country; thus showing that, to the latest moment, his thoughts were upon that which had formed the leading topic of the Federalist—“the utility of the Union to the political prosperity of the whole American people.” [x] Since one purpose of the duel was to prepare to head off a secessionist threat, he warned Sedgwick against any such movement among New England Federalists.

Source — Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. Letter from Alexander Hamilton to Theodore Sedgwick, 10 July 1804.

New York July 10. 1804

My Dear Sir

I have received two letters from you since we last saw each other—that of the latest date being the 24 of May. I have had in hand for some time a long letter to you, explaining my view of the course and tendency of our Politics, and my intentions as to my own future conduct. But my plan embraced so large a range that owing to much avocation, some indifferent health, and a growing distaste for Politics, the letter is still considerably short of being finished. I write this now to satisfy you, that want of regard for you has not been the cause of my silence.

I will here express but one sentiment, which is, that Dismembrement of our Empire will be a clear sacrifice of great positive advantages, without any counterballancing good; administering no relief to our real Disease; which is Democracy, the poison of which by a subdivision will only be the more concentered in each part, and consequently the more virulent.

King is on his way for Boston where you may chance to see him, and hear from himself his sentiments.

God bless you

A H

Source — Alexander Hamilton to Theodore Sedgwick, [July 10, 1804]

Hamilton then saw Judah Hammond, who was a clerk in AH's law office, where he drafted an elaborate opinion in a legal matter. Hammond later recalled that; “The last time General Hamilton was in the office was in the early part of July 1804, in the afternoon. I was the only person remaining in the office with him. The last thing he did there, in his professional business he did at my desk and by my side. Even the place seems sacred to my memory. The office was at Number twelve in Garden Street, opposite the Church Grounds. The building has been since removed. It was near sunset, the evening bright and serene. The setting sun approached the margin of the horizon, shedding his last rays on the beautiful objects illustrated by his departing splendours. At this closing of the day, when we love to linger in its pleasures, General Hamilton came to my desk, in the tranquil manner usual with him, and gave me a business paper with his instructions, concerning it. I saw no change in his appearance. These were his last moments in his place of business” [x]

According to John C. Hamilton; “—after waiting upon his faithful friend, Oliver Wolcott, at the close of an entertainment given by him, [...] made his last visit. It was to Colonel [Robert] Troup, the companion of his early years.” [x] For weeks, Troup had lain bedridden with a grave illness that Hamilton feared might prove mortal. When he dropped by to visit Troup, Hamilton did not mention the duel and overflowed Troup with medical suggestions;

“The General's visit lasted more than half an hour; and after making particular inquiries respecting the state of my complaint, he favored me with his advice as to the course which he thought would best conduce to the reestablishment of my health. But the whole tenor of the General's deportment during the visit manifested such composure and cheerfulness of mind as to leave me without any suspicion of the rencontre that was depending.”

Source — William and Mary Quarterly, Journal

Afterwards, Hamilton returned to his townhouse. Pendleton found him there and attempted to discuss with him and make a final attempt to dissuade Hamilton from his decision to delope during the duel. Nevertheless, Hamilton insisted he would fire in the air. When Pendleton protested, Hamilton indicated that his mind was made up; “My friend,” he told Pendleton, “it is the effect of a religious scruple and does not admit of reasoning. It is useless to say more on the subject as my purpose is definitely fixed.” [x]

At 10 p.m, Hamilton - even after already writing Eliza a farewell letter dated on the fourth - sat down in his study upstairs and took his quill once more to pen another letter but in favor of Anne Mitchell, Hamilton's cousin, and his largest supporter in his boyhood.

Source — A letter from Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, dated July 4, 1804. Courtesy of the Library of Congress Manuscripts Division.

My beloved Eliza

Mrs. Mitchel is the person in the world to whom as a friend I am under the greatest Obligations. I have ⟨not⟩ hitherto done my ⟨duty⟩ to her. But ⟨resolved⟩ to repair my omission as much as ⟨possible,⟩ I have encouraged her to come to ⟨this Country⟩ and intend, if it shall be ⟨in my po⟩wer to render the Evening of her days ⟨c⟩omfortable. But if it shall please God to put this out of my power and to inable you hereafter to be of ⟨s⟩ervice to her, I entreat you to d⟨o⟩ it and to treat ⟨h⟩er with the tenderness of a Sister.

This is my second letter.

The Scrup⟨les of a Christian have deter⟩mined me to expose my own li⟨fe to any⟩ extent rather than subject my s⟨elf to the⟩ guilt of taking the life of ⟨another.⟩ This must increase my hazards & redoubles my pangs for you. But you had rather I should die inno⟨c⟩ent than live guilty. Heaven can pre⟨se⟩rve me ⟨and I humbly⟩ hope will ⟨b⟩ut in the contrary ⟨e⟩vent, I charge you to remember that you are a Christian. God’s Will be done. The will of a merciful God must be good.

Once more Adieu My Darling darling Wife

A H

Tuesday Evening 10 oCl⟨ock⟩

⟨Mrs Ha⟩milton

Source — Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, [10 July 1804]

Hamilton descended from his study, and entered the parlor downstairs, there he found his son reading a book. Hamilton watched him pensively for a few moments, before he leaned over his book and smiled as he asked him if he would sleep with him. [x] The son in this story is Hamilton's fifth child, John Church Hamilton, who later recalled the same incident in an interview;

I recall a single incident about it with full clearness. [...] The day before the duel I was sitting in a room, when, at a slight noise, I turned around and saw my father in the doorway, standing silently there and looking at me with a most sweet and beautiful expression of countenance. It was full of tenderness, and without any of the business pre-occupation he sometimes had. “John,” he said, when I had discovered him, “won't you come and sleep with me to-night?” His voice was frank as if he had been my brother instead of my father. That night I went to his bed, and in the morning very early he awakened me, and taking my hands in his palms, all four hands extended, he said and told me to repeat the Lord's Prayer. Seventy-five years have since passed over my head, and I have forgotten many things, but not that tender expression when he stood looking at me in the door nor the prayer we made together the morning before the duel. I do not so well recollect seeing him lie upon his deathbed, though I was there.

Source — Interview with John Church Hamilton, reminiscences about his father.

July 11th, 1804

After Hamilton retired to bed with John uncommonly early, he awoke quietly at three o'clock the next morning. Hamilton reportedly had; “some imperfect sleep; but the succeeding morning his symptoms were aggravated, attended however with a diminution of pain. His mind retained all its usual strength and composure. The great source of his anxiety seemed to be in his sympathy with his half distracted wife and children.” [x] He soon awoke John and took his hands in his palms, “all four hands extended”, he spoke the Lord's Prayer, as John repeated after him. Afterwards he asked his son to light a candle, John asked him what was the matter and Hamilton had lied to him claiming that his little sister, Eliza Hamilton Holly, was ill and had been taken out of town. And that his mother had sent for him and that he was going out with Doctor Hosack. After the candle was lit he sat down and wrote a hymn which he had but just finished when Pendleton and Hosack called for him. The hymn was put in his will where it was found by his wife later on. [x]

Main sources:

Life of Alexander Hamilton, by John Church Hamilton.

The intimate life of Alexander Hamilton, by Allan McLane Hamilton.

Alexander Hamilton, by Ron Chernow.

A Collection of the Facts and Documents, Relative to the Death of Major-General Alexander Hamilton, by William Coleman.

Four letters on the death of Alexander Hamilton 1804, David B. Ogden.

[hug-me-brutha]

Looking up the history of hair in jewellery and wondering how many of yall are aware of the fact that a lock of Alexander Hamilton's hair was given to one of his law partners in a ring by Eliza after his death? The receiver of the ring, Nathaniel Pendleton, was also Hamilton's second in the final duel with Burr.

This is the ring

[metmuseum]

Ceres Instructing in the Art of Husbandry. 19th century. Credit line: Bequest of Mrs. Nathaniel Pendleton Hosack, in memory of her husband, 1891 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/187474

[gracehosborn]

July

I was working on a scene within The American Icarus earlier today set In February, 1776. However as I was hitting another wall of writer’s block I was reminded that Independence Day is fast approaching, and how it was funny that I was working on TAI right then. But then I started to remember all the stuff that went down any given July for Hamilton (which I will eventually write into the series) and it hit me that July was really not this man’s best month. Case in point, in chronological order of course:

July 12th, 1776: In an attempt to fight off warships which had sailed up the Hudson that many other companies neglected in light of the recent celebrations over the publication of the Declaration of Independence, one of Hamilton’s four six-pound cannons exploded (why is unclear). The explosion killed between 1 and 6 men, and injured between 1 and 5.

July 1st, 1778: According to an account left by John Laurens, he, Hamilton, and General Baron von Steuben and his men were nearly taken prisoner by a company of British dragoons when they accidentally encountered them.

July 4th, 1779: Hamilton is informed via a letter written on this date by John Brooks that according to an unnamed person (who would be revealed to be William Gordon), a Francis Dana had stated that in a coffee house in Philadelphia, Hamilton had declared that “it was high time for the people to rise, join General Washington, and turn Congress out of doors.” This of course enraged Hamilton, who promptly sent Dana a letter on July 11th. This opening of correspondence would lead to Hamilton threatening duels.

July 2nd-4th, 1780: In a letter to his future wife, Elizabeth Schuyler, Hamilton comments that Washington had “half consented” to him traveling to Pennsylvania to meet with Laurens who was then a prisoner of war. However, it is unclear and even unlikely, that Hamilton was able to meet with Laurens at this time.

July 18th, 1795: Upon the announcement that a protest was to be held against the Jay Treaty, Hamilton positioned himself to create a counter-protest. However, his audience was less than considerate, and overpowered his speech; a rock being claimed to have been thrown at Hamilton’s head. Angered, Hamilton then stormed off, and within the hour in an attempt to stop an argument he encountered, more were created, all resulting in Hamilton taking up challenges to duels—even going as far as to challenge the entire Republican Party (or as he called them according to accounts, “the detestable faction”) to duels.

July 11th, 1797: After information of the Reynolds Affair leaked, and upon realizing he had never received a confirmation of secrecy from James Monroe who was present when he had been forced by questioning to reveal the affair and present documents, Hamilton arrived with his brother-in-law, John Barker Church, to confront Monroe. The conversation quickly became heated, with both Hamilton and Monroe jumping up from their chairs each prepared to grab pistols and meet on a dueling ground. This affair of honor was stopped however by Monroe’s friend who managed to calm the two seething men down.

July 11th, 1804: After weeks of correspondence between Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and their second’s Nathaniel Pendleton and William Van Ness, Hamilton met Burr on a cliff side in Weehawken, New Jersey to settle an issue of honor originating from comments Hamilton claimed he could not recall at a dinner he attended back in March. It is unclear of the actual details as to what occured on this dueling ground, but while Burr would walk away to return to his home and share a breakfast with a friend, Hamilton would leave with a mortal injury.

July 12th, 1804: Surrounded by the presence of his family and friends, Hamilton passed away about 2 p.m., EST, from the injury received the previous day.

See? Truly wild. I am writing this late at night, so if there is something I messed up on or missed entirely, please don’t hesitate to let me know. This is just a silly observation with all the stuff I have to keep tabs on in working on The American Icarus lol.

[villainsletter]

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[youcanhavemybuckanyday]

So I’m reading a book called ‘The Hamilton Affair’ and it’s pretty good. But then the author writes one line and now my heart feels like it went through a wood chipper.

Go ahead and read that page. And then read that last line. The author is trying to kill me.

[totallyaccurate-hamilquotes]

Nathaniel Pendleton: Oh my god, Burr! Burr! What did you do?

Burr, holding up his gun: I shot Hamilton

Pendleton: What'd you do that for?!

Burr: He spoiled Endgame

Pendleton:

Pendleton: Shoot him again

[aswithasunbeam]

Do you think there’s a particular reason why William ended up living such a different life to his siblings (leaving and never coming back, no marriage etc..) & at what point(if it’s known) did Alex Jr go from a merchant’s apprentice to studying law? It seems it was his dad’s wish more than perhaps his.

Great questions! I haven’t seen any historical sources that give a definitive explanation for William’s life path, but I can give you some of my theories. It doesn’t seem that he had a bad relationship with his family, especially given that his mother and sister made a special trip out west to see him in the 1840s. He seems to have been generally a restless spirit, with little interest in being bogged down by rules and discipline, and a poor fit for the life of a military officer or a lawyer as his brothers chose. William may have simply felt that having a family in difficult and uncertain conditions was feasible. I imagine the loss of his father at such a tender age (he was only six when Hamilton died) also had a profound impact on him. Hamilton’s children often recounted his later days at the Grange as bathed in golden nostalgia; as he became disillusioned with politics and public life, he retreated more and more into the comforts of his family. This additional time at home would have allowed for a particularly firm, loving attachment between Hamilton and William, making Hamilton’s sudden, violent death all the more scarring for the young boy. From an armchair psychology perspective, I could imagine that leading to some pretty significant abandonment and trust issues for William later in life. Additionally, I’ve seen speculation that William may have been gay, which seems to have some historical merit, but there’s too little evidence to determine definitively.

As for Alexander, Jr., Hamilton was the one to press for him to learn to be a merchant. Alex graduated from Columbia in August 1804, just a few weeks after his father died. Eliza knew what Hamilton wanted for Alex, writing to George Cabot that it was the wish “of my beloved, departed husband that his son Alexander should be placed in a countinghouse to be bred a merchant.” (Chernow 726, quoting Eliza Hamilton to George Cabot, 20 September 1804). She sought help from Hamilton’s closest friends to try to find Alex a good placement, writing to Matthew Clarkson on September 17, 1804: “As you have always been the friend of my dear husband, I pray you may be the friend of his son. I send him down to be placed in a Counting house, your opinion which mercantile house will be best suited to him will have weight.” However, Eliza, having lost so many people in such a quick succession, and with her husband’s death still a fresh wound, worried about Alex being sent too far away from her. “Unnerved by affliction and broken down by distress, what can be my wishes but to have the children of the best, the tenderest husband always with me,” she wrote to Nathaniel Pendleton. (Chernow, p. 726, quoting Eliza Hamilton to Nathaniel Pendleton, 17 September 1804). Concerned as she was with keeping Alex close by, she seems to have refused a placement in Boston for him, and ultimately, given Hamilton’s connections, I think it was simply easier to find a place for Alex in a legal office, keeping him in New York with people Eliza knew she could trust. In the end, it worked out for the best; Alex successfully followed in his father’s footsteps and had a lucrative and rewarding legal career.

[jokiskywalker]

[46ten]

Do you believe that Hamilton only told others he planned to throw away his shot to make himself look good if he missed Burr? Some people do but it just doesn't seem logical to me. Wouldn't saying you planned to miss only to lie and hit (and possibly kill) your opponent ruin your reputation? And Hamilton seemed very keen on protecting his reputation and how people saw him. I just feel like he wouldn't do something like that.

As far as I’ve read and can recall, AH spoke about his plans to reserve his fire with Rufus King and Nathaniel Pendleton. He likely discussed it with John Church too, but there’s no surviving evidence of that.  AH also prepared a statement to this effect alongside a letter to his wife, to be distributed by Pendleton in the event of his death. And then after the duel, others recall that AH stated that his intention was never to fire on Burr (Hosack, Moore, among them). 

So given that, I’m trying to understand this argument (please correct me if I’m wrong - I may not be understanding it at all):

1. Prior to his death, AH told Pendleton and King (possibly among others) and prepared a statement, alongside a letter to EH, stating that he was planning to not fire/hit Burr, while his actual intent WAS to harm Burr. (In the event that he hit Burr, the statement would never have been released, EH would never have received the letter, and Pendleton and King presumably would have kept their mouths shut.)

2. AH did this to avoid feeling embarrassed/damaging his reputation if he missed, but was subsequently injured/killed by Burr. 

Problems with these arguments.

1. AH told Pendleton and prepared a statement, alongside letters to EH, stating that he was planning to not fire/hit Burr, while his intent WAS to harm Burr.(In the event that he hit Burr, the statement would never have been released, EH would never have received the letters, and Pendleton and King presumably would have kept their mouths shut.)

According to Pendleton, AH told him that he would not fire at Burr AT ALL with his first shot. (P and Van Ness disagreed on who fired first.) 

Additionally, in their recollections of the conversations, both Pendleton and King tried to dissuade AH from reserving his fire after AH stated this intention to them. 

From Pendleton:

Besides the testimonies of Bishop Moore, and the paper containing an express declaration, under General Hamilton’s own hand, enclosed to his friend in a packet, not to be delivered but in the event of his death, and which have already been published, General Hamilton informed Mr. P. at least ten days previous to the affair, that he had doubts whether he would not receive and not return Mr. Burr’s first fire. Mr. P. remonstrated against this determination, and urged many considerations against it, as dangerous to himself and not necessary in the particular case, when every ground of accommodation, not humiliating, had been proposed and rejected. He said he would not decide lightly, but take time to deliberate fully. It was incidentally mentioned again at their occasional subsequent conversations, and on the evening preceding the time of the appointed interview, he informed Mr. P. he had made up his mind not to fire at Col. Burr the first time, but to receive his fire, and fire in the air. Mr. P. again urged him upon this subject, and repeated his former arguments. His final answer was in terms that made an impression on Mr. P’s mind which can never be effaced. “My friend, it is the effect of A Religious Scruple, and does not admit of reasoning, it is useless to say more on the subject, as my purpose is definitely fixed.” [my emphasis]

2d. His last words before he was wounded afford a proof that this purpose had not changed. When he received his pistol, after having taken his position, he was asked if he would have the hair spring set? His answer was, “Not this time.”

3d. After he was wounded, and laid in the boat, the first words he uttered after recovering the power of speech, were, (addressing himself to a gentleman present, who perfectly well remembers it) “Pendleton knows I did not mean to fire at Col. Burr the first time.”

4th. This determination had been communicated by Mr. P. to that gentleman that morning, before they left the city.  Nathaniel Pendleton’s amended statement, 19Jul1804

Rufus King stated (Rufus King to Charles King, 2April1819) that he tried to dissuade Hamilton from the duel, “I disapproved of the duel and endeavoured to prevail on Gen. Hamilton not to meet Col. Burr.” Charles King subsequently wrote the following back to his father, relaying the explanation he had provided to another party:

 “that preparatory and during the discussion of [the question of how to respond to Burr’s accusations], the main one, of whether Genl Hamilton should under any circumstances accept a challenge from Mr. Burr arose, and that my father decidedly advised that he should not, but that Genl Hamilton having stated that his mind was made up on this subject, as also to throw away his fire, if they should meet, my father then endeavoured to prove to him that if he, Mr. H, would persist in fighting, he owed it to his family and the rights of self-defence to fire at his antagonist,” (CKing to RKing, 7April1819). 

We’ll have to accept that the Kings (father and son) are being honest, and these recollections of a conversation that occurred nearly 15 years prior are not informed by the immediate testimony of others following the duel (See letter from William Wallace to King, dated 5 pm, 11July1804: “[Hamilton] received the shot of his antagonist, it is said with the determination of not returning the first fire.”). [See The life and correspondence of Rufus King vol 4, especially pgs, 389-411.]

So prior to the duel, we have AH’s own testimony in his prepared statement and a letter to EH (below) and recollections from Pendleton and King that AH was determined not to fire at Burr. He repeated to Pendleton and King that this was his determination even though they advised him against it. So we’d have to believe that this was all a façade to mask his real intent.

2. AH did this to avoid feeling embarrassed/damaging his reputation if he missed, but was subsequently injured/killed by Burr. 

On the first point, I doubt it would have damaged AH’s reputation to have been unsuccessful.  According to his own statement below, AH felt it was hurting his reputation to even be involved in a duel, as he claimed to be on the side of those who “abhorred” the practice (such as King). 

On the second point, if he had injured/killed Burr, I think the damage to his reputation would have been greater. Look what happened to Burr’s life after killing AH. And I don’t think AH was inclined to kill Burr, or anyone else. He stated in writing and to at least two people - prior to the duel - that his intent was exactly the opposite. My question is: what’s the evidence that he intended to physically harm Burr? 

From AH’s own statement: 

My religious and moral principles are strongly opposed to the practice of Duelling, and it would even give me pain to be obliged to shed the blood of a fellow creature in a private combat forbidden by the laws…

As well because it is possible that I may have injured Col Burr, however convinced myself that my opinions and declarations have been well founded, as from my general principles and temper in relation to similar affairs—I have resolved, if our interview is conducted in the usual manner, and it pleases God to give me the opportunity, to reserve and throw away my first fire, and I have thoughts even of reserving my second fire—and thus giving a double opportunity to Col Burr to pause and to reflect.

It is not however my intention to enter into any explanations on the ground. Apology, from principle I hope, rather than Pride, is out of the question.

To those, who with me abhorring the practice of Duelling may think that I ought on no account to have added to the number of bad examples—I answer that my relative situation, as well in public as private aspects, enforcing all the considerations which constitute what men of the world denominate honor, impressed on me (as I thought) a peculiar necessity not to decline the call. The ability to be in future useful, whether in resisting mischief or effecting good, in those crises of our public affairs, which seem likely to happen, would probably be inseparable from a conformity with public prejudice in this particular. Statement on Impending Duel with Aaron Burr

And his letter to EH:

The Scrup⟨les of a Christian have deter⟩mined me to expose my own li⟨fe to any⟩ extent rather than subject my s⟨elf to the⟩ guilt of taking the life of ⟨another.⟩ This must increase my hazards & redoubles my pangs for you. But you had rather I should die inno⟨c⟩ent than live guilty. Heaven can pre⟨se⟩rve me…10Jul1804, AH to EH

In the above letter he draws on religious reasons for not firing at Burr, and even admits in both the conversation with Pendleton and the above statements that it’s not entirely a rational argument, only that he cannot risk taking the life of another man. According to the testimony of Hosack in the boat, and then Bishop Moore and a few others who were at his deathbed, AH confirmed again that his intention was not to harm Burr.  From Moore:

“Do you sincerely repent of your sins past? Have you a lively faith in God’s mercy thro’ Christ, with a thankful remembrance of the death of Christ? And are you disposed to live in love and charity with all men?” [Hamilton] lifted up his hands and said, “With the utmost sincerity of heart I can answer those questions in the affirmative. I have no ill will against Col. Burr. I met him with a fixed resolution to do him no harm. - I forgive all that happened.” I then observed to him, that the terrors of the divine law were to be announced to the obdurate and impenitent, but that the consolations of the Gospel were to be offered to the humble and contrite heart; that I had no reason to doubt his sincerity and would proceed immediately to gratify his wishes. The Communion was then administered, which he received with great devotion, and his heart afterwards appeared to be perfectly at rest. I saw him again this morning, when with his last faltering words he expressed a strong confidence in the mercy of God through the intersession of the Redeemer. Benjamin Moore, New York Evening Post. 

Now someone could argue that AH only said these things to be allowed to receive communion, and this description was propaganda to convince others that AH had a Good Death. I don’t find that persuasive. 

I think AH was honest - as in frank, forthright, candid in his opinions (he seems to have also seen his own opinions as the logically argued obvious answer).  I do not think he was always truthful; I think he could be manipulative and deceitful towards his own (political) ends. And yet I cannot see him preparing the statement and letter to his wife, discussing the matter with Pendleton and King, and arguing against firing at Burr on religious grounds just in case he was unsuccessful at hitting Burr but Burr successfully killed him. I also don’t think that on his deathbed, concerned with his immortal soul and religious matters as he was, he would lie about it (having previously invoked religious reasons for not firing at Burr). I find it much more persuasive that he felt trapped into a challenge that he did not want, really did have an aversion to dueling following his eldest son’s death, and really did see the taking of another man’s life as a grave act. To argue otherwise, I think one has to present some evidence that points to AH actually intending to harm Burr (whether he fired first or not, firing into a tree above and to the side of Burr’s head isn’t that evidence). 

Here’s an article by Freeman that explains that the intent of these duels was not to kill or even seriously injure one’s antagonist. She then goes through AH’s arguments in his prepared statement.

[lu-uciel]

In all honesty, I don’t know why I don’t draw this sweet boi more He’s so cute and I love giving him bows

For those of you who may not be familiar with this character, his name is Nathaniel Pendleton. He was the one who served as Alexander’s second during the duel with Burr. Not only was he there during Hamilton’s death, but the two were somewhat close in regards to friendship and in the workplace. Pendleton served as the U.S.’s first district judge in the state of Georgia (also born in Virginia). 

My love for this Virginian cutie was sparked by the artist @virusap. This design of Nathan belongs to them! They no longer draw hamilton fanart therefore please don’t ask them about it❣️

[metmuseum]

Ceres Instructing in the Art of Husbandry. 19th century. Credit line: Bequest of Mrs. Nathaniel Pendleton Hosack, in memory of her husband, 1891 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/187474

[virusap]

"Take care of that pistol; it is undischarged, and still cocked; it may go off and do harm. Pendleton knows that I did not intend to fire at him.”

“Yes.”  said Mr. Pendleton, understanding his wish, “I have already made Dr. Hosack acquainted with your determination as to that”.

He then closed his eyes and remained calm, without any disposition to speak.

David Hosack, August 17, 1804

[little-lion-rampant-blog]

GUYS, I FOUND HAMILTON’S EXILE TO FRANCE MINISTER TO FRANCE WISH LIST. Guess who’re in it?

South Carolina: The Rutledges (John Rutledge was one of the main detractors of John Laurens’ Black Plan)

Virginia: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Edmund Randolph

Pennsylvania: Thomas Mifflin (of the Conway Cabal)

New York: ONLY ONE NAME FROM THIS STATE. George Clinton

He basically wanted to send his enemies to France (although he made a pathetic attempt of appearing impartial by adding a couple of friends to the list like James McHenry and David Humphreys) but we totally see through your ploy, Hamilton.

I’M DYING OF LAUGHTER GUYS, HE WANTED TO SEND JEFFERSON BACK TO FRANCE. REIGN OF TERROR FRANCE.

(Source)

[my-dearest-angie]

*Before the duel began*

Hamilton: "Nathaniel, if the worst should happen, you must do this for me. Please."

Nathaniel Pendleton, somberly: "Very well Alexander. I will do this...for you."

******later******

*the bullet strikes him right between his ribs*

Pendleton, resigned: "MmMMmm, whatcha saaayyyy..."

[americawashington]

Let's play a game: Spot the reference