#Readeption

[ao3feeddestiel]

Heaven (if you come over)

read it on AO3 at https://ift.tt/60lWjD4 by readeption Dean Winchester is losing his faith. Words: 1068, Chapters: 1/?, Language: English Fandoms: Supernatural (TV 2005) Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply Categories: M/M Characters: Dean Winchester, Castiel (Supernatural), Sam Winchester Relationships: Castiel/Dean Winchester Additional Tags: Priest Dean Winchester, Human Dean Winchester, Angel Castiel (Supernatural), Religion, Religious Guilt, John Winchester's A+ Parenting, Hurt/Comfort, Internalized Homophobia, Fluff and Angst, Sharing a Bed, Alternate Universe read it on AO3 at https://ift.tt/60lWjD4

[blackboar]

Why is Edward IV of England's lie that he only wants to take back the family land really useful?

I don't think anybody believed him, first and foremost the municipality of York that Edward IV 'convinced' to let his troops station in the city. This lie was convenient for York because it allowed her to stay neutral and not outright confront Edward IV by allowing him to move south. It allowed them plausible deniability in case he lose. Edward IV simply facilitated their posture of benevolent neutrality toward him.

[n2la9gmhw]

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[richmond-rex]

Did Henry Tudor meet Elizabeth of Edward IV of England and York in house of york?

Hello, I'm not sure I understand your question. Are you asking if Henry Tudor ever met Edward IV and Elizabeth of York whilst Edward was still king? It's impossible to know, but there might actually be a possibility that Henry met Edward IV (less likely he met Elizabeth imo). To be clear, this is a personal theory based on some of the testimonies given for Henry and Elizabeth's marriage dispensation in 1486.

William, earl of Nottingham (64 years old): 'says that he has known the aforesaid prince Henry well for twenty years and more, and the said lady Elizabeth for sixteen years' => That means he knew Henry since at least 1466, and Elizabeth since 1470/1.

Sir Richard Croft (54 years old): 'says and answers that he has known king Henry well for twenty years, and the said lady Elizabeth for sixteen years' => Again, that means he knew Henry since at least 1466 and Elizabeth since 1470/1.

Sir William Tyler (43 years old): 'says that he has known prince Henry [now king] well for twenty years, and the lady Elizabeth for twelve years' => That means he knew Henry since at least 1466 and Elizabeth since 1470/1.

Those two dates are relevant to the Yorkist establishment (hold this thought). I think it's possible those three men first met Elizabeth of York as she fled with her mother and siblings in 1470 to the Tower and then to Westminster Abbey, or they might have met her in 1471 when Edward IV returned and rescued his family from sanctuary. I don't know exactly what kind of ceremonies were held after Edward's triumph over the Lancastrians but it's possible Elizabeth was present on those occasions.

Some of the other witnesses said they knew Henry for sixteen/fifteen years as well — specifically Christopher Urswyck (Margaret Beaufort's confessor) and Sir William Knyvett. It would make the most sense for the majority of people to say they knew Henry since 1470/1, considering Henry Tudor came to London during the readeption of his uncle Henry VI, and would have met the courtiers at that time. But those three people* — the Earl of Nottingham, Sir Richard Croft and Sir William Tyler — said they knew Henry at least since 1466. What was Henry Tudor doing in 1466?

At that time Henry was a 9 year-old in the custody of William Herbert, an important representative of the Yorkist king in Wales described as 'King Edward's master-lock'. It's possible William Berkeley (later Earl of Nottingham), Sir Richard Croft and William Tyler all knew Henry from visiting the Herberts in Rhaglan Castle**, though it's impossible to say if they had any degree of personal friendship with the Herberts. In 1466 there was however an event that was of importance for both the Herberts and Edward IV.

In that year William Herbert married his eldest son and heir to Mary Woodville, the king's sister (in-law) in a ceremony that took place in Windsor Castle, one of the king's residences. It was apparently such a great event a Welsh poet later praised it in one of his poems dedicated to Willaim Herbert:

The foremost king of Britain and its realm / Gave his sister to him / He held a great wedding-feast in Windsor / For this man, in his royalty / A generous feast for our lord who is of our tongue, / May he be seen again as a prince!

This is pure speculation but I ask myself: is it possible William Herbert took his whole family to Windsor, including his ward Henry Tudor, for his son's wedding feast? If so, many Yorkist partisans such as the Earl of Nottingham and Sir Richard Croft would have had the opportunity to meet Henry on that occasion — in turn, Henry would have had the opportunity to at least see King Edward. Of course there's no way to really know that whilst no concrete evidence comes up, but it's fascinating to think Henry might have seen/know Edward IV.

This isn't taking into account, for example, the possibility that Edward IV might have visited William Herbert at Raglan in one of his travels, to which Henry would have seen him as well. A royal visit to Raglan is the only way I can think of that Henry might have seen Elizabeth of York, as she was only merely a few months-old at the time of her aunt's wedding in Windsor, and would not have attended the ceremony. Furthermore, if Henry and Elizabeth had been present on the same occasion/wedding the three witnesses above would have given the same number of years for knowing them both***, which was not the case.

However, I think a royal visit from Edward IV to Raglan is less likely, given it was not documented anywhere, not even in Welsh poetry, and William Herbert was enough of a patron to have this visit documented in that way. So all in all, I think it's very unlikely Henry Tudor ever met Elizabeth of York before 1485, though I think there's a slight chance that he have met Edward IV in 1466. Again, this is all pure speculation, though.

_____________

* It's important to notice that all three were Yorkist partisans: Sir Richard Croft fought at Mortimer’s Cross, Towton and Tewkesbury on Edward IV's side — he and his brother were tutored with or were the one who tutored Edward whilst Earl of March and his brother Edmund in Ludlow*. Apparently the letter Edward and Edmund jointly wrote to their father Richard of York complained about Sir Richard Croft and his brother. The Crofts were neighbours of the Mortimers, which then encompassed Richard of York and his sons. The Battle of Mortimer's Cross took place on Croft soil. Sir Richard's wife Eleanor ran the household of Edward Prince of Wales, Edward IV's son, and his younger brother (also called Richard Croft) was one of Edward's tutors in Ludlow. Henry VII later made Sir Richard Croft his treasurer, and also made him Prince Arthur’s steward in Ludlow later on.

William Berkeley was created Baron Berkeley by Edward IV and became one of his privy councillors in 1482/3. He might have been the same William Berkeley, knight of the Body, who was attainted in Richard III’s Parliament and joined Henry in exile. It would be weird for the act in Parliament not to mention his title, though, since he was created Earl of Nottingham two days after Richard III was declared king. Either William Earl of Nottingham or this other William Berkeley, knight of the Body, hosted Margaret of York when she visited England in 1480.

** It would be really awkward if William Berkeley (later Earl of Nottingham) was intimate enough to visit the Herberts, considering he killed in battle William Herbert's son-in-law, Thomas Talbot, 2nd Baron/Viscount Lisle (Margaret Herbert's husband) after Lisle challenged him to a trial of arms over the Berkeley lands in 1470. Lisle had been Herbert's ward in the same way Henry Tudor had been. His wife Margaret Herbert miscarried a boy shortly after his death. I believe this is the dowager Viscountess of Lisle that Henry granted a financial settlement in 1492.

*** For example, Sir William Knyvett said he knew Elizabeth of York from the day of her birth 🥺 (and had known Henry for fifteen years, that is, since 1470/1 the Readeption years).

[ao3feed-destiel-02]

Heaven (if you come over)

read it on AO3 at https://ift.tt/sndj9XP by readeption Dean Winchester is losing his faith. Words: 1068, Chapters: 1/?, Language: English Fandoms: Supernatural (TV 2005) Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply Categories: M/M Characters: Dean Winchester, Castiel (Supernatural), Sam Winchester Relationships: Castiel/Dean Winchester Additional Tags: Priest Dean Winchester, Human Dean Winchester, Angel Castiel (Supernatural), Religion, Religious Guilt, John Winchester's A+ Parenting, Hurt/Comfort, Internalized Homophobia, Fluff and Angst, Sharing a Bed, Alternate Universe read it on AO3 at https://ift.tt/sndj9XP

[shakespearenews]

October 2020 marks the start of the 550th anniversary of what historians know as the ‘Readeption’ of 1470-71, a dramatic six-month period of the Wars of the Roses in which not one, but two, kings would both gain and lose the English crown, sometimes in violent fashion. What was the ‘Readeption’? The term itself, meaning...

[aspecmartinweek]

Is it okay to post to collection or upload my fic before the day of the prompt? Like if I'm filling Wednesday 4/22 should I not upload my fic before 4/22, or can I upload it but not tag it as part of the collection before 4/22?

Hey, good question! Its totally okay to post to the collection or upload your fic before the day of the prompt. If you do end up posting before the day of the prompt, we just ask on the day of the prompt that you make a post here on Tumblr with a link to the fic so we can reblog it and share it with everyone. :)

[snakeboys]

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@superstarlimo​

[dailytudors]

The Coronation of Elizabeth of York, First Tudor Consort

On the 25th of November 1487, over a year after her marriage to Henry VII, Elizabeth of York was crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey. Her ceremony superseded that of her husband’s. It began two days before on Friday, the twenty third when she and a select number of ladies and courtiers traveled by barge to the Tower of London. Elizabeth received a great reception and was greeted by almost every Londoner who had come out to see their beloved princess. Her father was greatly remembered after his many victories and regaining the throne, following the Lancastrian Readeption; not to mention that the Commons also remembered her mother’s passive response during that time. She hadn’t asked them to rise up in arms, or disobey their new overlords. Instead, she sought sanctuary at the Abbey and lived off the charity of the Abbot and others nearby.

Furthermore, Elizabeth was widely loved in the North as the eldest Princess of York. And her marriage to Henry symbolized the union of the two warring branches of the Plantagenet House from which they both descended: Lancaster & York. It was important that Henry gave his wife a ceremony to be remembered in years to come. Image was everything and the Tudor Dynasty was new, and it needed this kind of splendor and rhetoric to convince the people of its legitimacy in order to survive.

One of the many symbols that would have graced the palaces and the Tower would be the Tudor rose, a white rose in the middle of the red. The white symbolized the House of York. The red stood for Lancaster. Roses were very popular symbols during the middle ages. They symbolized the Virgin Mary, in the case of the red rose as Leanda de Lisle explains:

“The simple five-petal design of the heraldic rose was inspired by the wild dog rose that grows in English hedgerows. As a symbol it had a long association with the Virgin Mary, who is sometimes called the ‘Mystical Rose of Heaven.’ But although the King’s grandfather, Henry IV, had once used red roses to decorate his pavilion at a joust, their use as a Lancastrian royal badge was not widespread before the advent of the Tudors.”

Or (in the case of the white rose) the five wounds inflicted on Jesus Christ when he was nailed to the cross. After Edward IV’s victories, the white rose became one of his personal symbols. It was soon associated with his House, and although there is record of some using the red rose as a form of opposition to the Yorkist House, it was not the official symbol of said house. Nonetheless, it became popular that Henry took it as a symbol for Lancaster and because it was also easy and very iconic, used it to create this new symbol for his dynasty. One which would also give the people a new narrative in which the war was over thanks to him, who had come to save the day and whose marriage had stopped the bloodshed.

Besides this, according to John Leland’s “Collectanea” (which is based on old notes he’d taken from monks’ books that included important events such as coronations), “the mayor, sheriffs, aldermen and many out of every craft attended [the Queen] in a flotilla of boats freshly furnished with banners and streamers of silk richly beseen with the arms and badges of their crafts” and rowed by liveried oarsmen. Alongside Elizabeth’s barges were others “garnished and appareled, surpassing all others”, containing the model of the “great red dragon” –which was none other than Cadwaladr, the same red dragon that he took as his personal standard during the Battle of Bosworth and that was no part of the royal arms- that “spouted flames of fire into the Thames.”

Everything else from “music of trumpets, clarions, and other minstrelsy” formed part of the entertainment that accompanied the Queen on her road to the Tower of London which had housed so many of her predecessors, and was the traditional destination before their coronation.

Sources:

1. Elizabeth of York: A Tudor Queen and her World by Alison Weir

2. Elizabeth of York: The Forgotten Tudor Queen by Amy Licence

3. The Woodvilles: The Wars of the Roses and England’s Most Infamous Family by Susan Higginbotham

Also check out this link: https://tudorsandotherhistories.wordpress.com/2015/11/24/the-coronation-of-elizabeth-of-york/

[minervacasterly]

~Child Bride & Child Groom~

The union of Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York and Anne de Mowbray took place at the St Stephen’s Chapel in Westminster Palace in London, on January 1478, two years after her father, John de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk passed away. Anne belonged to two of the most prominent aristocratic families in England. Besides the de Mowbray clan, she was also a Talbot through her mother, Elizabeth Talbot. After her father died, she became one of the most desired brides as well. England had just experience over two decades of internal conflicts, and despite the Yorkist regime coming on top, Edward IV wanted to heal the wounds that his marriage, and later his cousin, Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick’s rebellion and after that, the Lancastrian Readeption, left on the country. Many of the noble families who had supported his claim felt betrayed after he married Elizabeth Woodville, who had no royal connection and brought nothing to the table except her extended family. Edward IV thought of marrying them to his in-laws whom he was sure they would be loyal because whom else did they owe their ascension or depended but him? This turned out to be a terrible miscalculation on Edward's part, and it furthered the divide between him the and the old nobility. They began to blame the Woodvilles and before long, they sided with his enemies, first Warwick, then the Lancastrian queen exiled across the narrow sea, Margaret of Anjou and her son, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. After the Lancastrian Readeption, England was finally at peace. But tensions were still high. The wedding was a public display of unity and also an opportunity for the crown to gain her family fortune. Richard and Anne were just five. Marriages like these weren't common but they were not frowned upon either. James II of Aragon married his wife when he was a pre-teen, and Edward I of England married Eleanor of Castile when the two were teenagers, with Eleanor being three years younger than him. And let's not forget Richard's namesake, his grandfather, also Duke of York, who married Cecily Neville when the couple were teenagers. It was recommended that for couples this young to wait until they mentally and physically mature enough to consummate the marriage. Given that the newlyweds were infants, the first years together, they spent them as cousins and friends rather husband and wife. The legal age for consummation varied between the ages of 12-14; so until that day came, Anne would be under the crown's watchful eye, enjoying every privilege of being wife to the King's youngest son. Unfortunately, the two never got to know each other as husband and wife since Anne died when she was eight at Greenwich Palace in London. Two years later in 1483, Parliament decided to transfer her family fortune to her husband instead of her cousins. Image: The marriage of Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York to Lady Anne Mowbray by James Northcote.

[kafkastan]

thank you @nebylitsa for the tag!!

name: nora

nickname: no serious ones, but my twitter name has been “nora borealis” for several years now after an Upperclassman Theater Guy coined it for me when i was like, 15

gender: woman...+? main course is cis woman and side dish is a nonbinary treat? ngl “she/they” is the easiest way to put it

star sign: not an astrology person but i’m a pisces-aries cusp ig

height: slightly under 5′7″

time: around 10:30pm (CST)

favourite band: a few--they might be giants, the crane wives, talking heads

favourite solo artist: another few--suzanne vega, amythyst kiah, fiona apple, kate bush, mitski

song stuck in my head: started thinking about they might be giants so now it’s “museum of idiots” :)

last movie: omg it was “saving christmas” (on christmas, shockingly) bc it’s one of the lowest-rated movies on letterboxd and my brother & i are film masochists. it’s BAD.

last television show: just watched a couple episodes of fleabag while knitting! it’s fun

when did I create this blog: this incarnation is from september, but i made my original main in november of 2013 hhhh

what did I last google: "ponderings” bc i wasn’t 100% sure that was a word?

other blogs: none active

do I get asks: only when i do an ask game tbh (always open for them tho!!)

why I chose my URL: hm it’s been a couple years--i think i might have chosen it as a twitter @ first, back in ~2018? and it’s mostly bc i wanted something unaffiliated with any particular fandom that still marked me as a pretentious Classic Lit Person/i love kafka/i think it has a nice ring to it

average hours of sleep: usually around 6-8. currently on break, so i sleep from around 2am - 10am, but college has me waking up at 8:30 sometimes (but i rarely end up successfully falling asleep much before 2am still)

lucky number: 4 has always been my go-to for some reason

instruments: every once in a while i pick up piano again! other than that i like singing and miss being in choir tbh

what I am wearing: shirt with a whale on it bc i have a brand to uphold + nice lounging pants + a cardigan i’m debating on taking off bc i’m getting kinda warm

dream job: college prof, probably english or art history (but probably english). alternatively, art museum curator

dream trip: oh man i miss traveling. i was actually supposed to go to london last summer w/ my family and i was SO stoked to go Grave Visiting at westminster & windsor like the sad little nerd that i am, this is still my dream trip tbh

favourite food: i really like orange chicken, also most things that contain chocolate & peanut butter

favourite song: probably world before columbus by suzanne vega?

last book I read: currently alternating between two fun ones--ulysses, which i first started....two years ago lmao but i finally got to the “circe” episode, which is written as a play and that alone makes me go insane in the best way. also dostoevsky’s “the idiot”--i forgot how fun dostoevsky is omg. the last one i Finished was lauren johnson’s “shadow king,” which is a biography of my favorite woobie king, henry vi, & i thought it was refreshingly fair & balanced (as in, the author doesn’t actually woobify him, bc i promise i’m mostly joking with that. Mostly)

top 3 universes I want to live in: the non-covid AU where i got to finish high school & start college like a normal person, AU where herman melville ended moby-dick with queequeg & starbuck both miraculously surviving, AU where the lancastrian readeption of 1470 panned out literally just to see if anything is substantially different in modern america, tbh

tagging @pocketsizedquasar, @parttimereptile, @nopenopenopeitywhat, & @official-jack-churchill !

[blackboar]

Can you talk about George's treason in detail? How did his relationship with Edward IV of England deteriorate?

I assume you mean Clarence's treason.

I think that Clarence's part of the well-known category of younger brothers who can't stand their position (TM). I unfortunately didn't read Hicks' works on him which seems to be the most important one on him. So it's possible I thoroughly change my mind after that.

Anyway, Clarence's relationship with his brother(s) was always doomed to be at least complicated and it's a fair bit Edward IV's fault. He was immensely generous in terms of land grants toward his brother while completely cutting him off when it came to responsibilities and access. Basically: he gave him weapons to betray him but little ways to help him. And on top of that he remained very ambiguous on whether he or his daughter Elizabeth would succeed him in the years 1466-1470. So even chance didn't favor their entente.

Clarence betrays in favour of his father-in-law around the late 1460s. That makes sense considering everything Warwick give him ( his inheritance through marriage, an affirmation of his potential regal status, responsibilities) and he reverts back simply because the Lancastrian cause cannot be enough to attract him both in material and personal interests. After coming back, trust was at least fairly broken and while I don't think Edward intended to get rid of his brother at all, he very much intended to lower his might. There was basically a containment policy from Edward on Clarence's power, which included:

Act or resumptions taking back numerous land grants made to him both during his rule and the Readeption

Tacit support of Gloucester's attempt to get his share of Warwivk's inheritance

Making sure Clarence does not make foreign alliance, wether France or Burgundy.

Clarence didn't take it well. Parallel to that were his numerous personal enemies, Woodvilles first among them. I think Clarence's became increasingly wary of his brother and discontent, even impatient about a change in position. I think the trigger was the missed chance of a remarriage between Clarence and Mary of Burgundy which would finally give George a place and an objective and was dismissed by Edward. The psychological blow of his wife's death didn't help.

Clarence snaps and makes..... mediocre intrigue and bad plots. When you read what happens in 1477-8 it does not show Clarence as some mastermind but more like a depressed impatient discontent acting out. He killed his servant on false charges of murdering his wife, try to predict his brother's death and plotted some abortive uprisings. He was thoroughly alone and his attempts were pathetic and predictable failures, except if the goal was to provoke. And provoke it did. The Woodvilles certainly pushed for his demise, and Gloucester was certainly willing to get rid of him. Nobody was willing to help an unpredictable magnate who pushed for instability. He seems to have been popular amongst the Commons of London but that didn't help him considering his trial was amongst the Peerage. Few wanted to help him, many were willing to throw him under the bus. Edward IV was still the one deciding his brother's fate. He could have spared him. He could attaint and exile him. But he chose otherwise, I think because he was scared for his son's fate. This was an unprecedented choice to publicly sentence his own brother to death. I think it shows from Edward's part an end of any patience toward his brother, which made his fate.

To sum it up: Clarence who probably suffered from some mental disorder, made the worst choice possible. He was simultaneously overmighty and utterly weak and isolated. That pushed his foes and his brother(s) to get rid of him because of his numerous errors in 1477-8. He was tired of his position, and they were tired of him.

[beyondthecosmicvoid]

~Henry VII: The Red Dragon’s Unlikely Triumph~

Henry’s victory to success is simply amazing due to how far down he was in the line of succession -if he was at all! Of all the Tudors, and don’t get me wrong I love them all! He had the most adventurous life! His life is the stuff of movies and you’ll see why. Henry was born to Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Margaret Beaufort, heiress of Lancaster in Philippa Gregory’s words. But she was far removed from the line of succession! The Beauforts derived their name from a castle John of Gaunt had in his possession in English occupied French territory. John of Gaunt married three times, the last to his mistress Katherine Swybford. When they married their children were already grown up but by no means less ambitious. In an effort to ingratiate himself with the shifty king Richard II, John betrayed many of his comrades and persecuted anyone who stood against the king, his nephew. In return for his good services, Richard II legitimized all the Beauforts but that’s it. No say if they were inthe succession or not. Later after John died, his firstborn, Henry Bolingbroke ascended to the throne after he deposed Richard. He didn’t overturn Richard’s legislation but added a new restriction: The Beauforts were legitimate in the eyes of the law of men but due to their revious bastard status they were excluded from the line of succession. So bye-bye ambitions. By the time Henry IV’s grandson had issue, this changed altogether. Their descendants were still seen as progeny of a bastard branch (albeit legitimized) of the House of Lancaster but their status had changed overnight as support build around the Duke of York and his Neville relations (who also descended from the Beaufort line, but through the female line). Henry VI betrothed his young relation, Margaret Beaufort to his half brother Edmund Tudor. He was thirteen years her senior and while it was common for women to be married at a young age, people still found it disturbing because the groom didn’t wait for her to grow up. As soon as she was 12, he married her and the next year she was pregnant.Edmund and his brother Jasper had supported the Duke of York on various occasions but when the conflict escalated to war, the Tudor brothers sided with their kin. Edmund was captured during battle in late 1456 and died in attenpts to escape, possibly of sickness. Margaret , thirteen at a time, was already a young widow and expectant mother. She feared for her safety and the safety of her unborn child so she started a dangerous sojourn to Wales, to Pembroke castle where her brother in law resided. There, she gave birth to her only child, a boy she named Henry.Henry did not have a lonely childhood like some Ricardians and fiction writerss love to depict, nor was his mother a crazy fanatic. She was the same as the rest of the women. Religion was not separate, it was part of women’s lives, especially the adoration of female saints and the virgin Mary from whom women kept relics and images to pray to so they could be safely delivered or to protect their young. Of this latter cult, Henry became a firm follower, worshipping the image of the blessed mother with the same fervor as his mother. Likely, the little boy had childhood companions like David Owen, the illegitimate son of his grandfather by an unknown mistress. In spite of her second marriage, Margaret was allowed to visit her little boy and spend hours teaching him, but then her fortunes changed when Edward Earl of March forced the Lancastrians to flee and was declared king by popular acclaim in March 4 1461. Margaret and her new husband now had to curry favor with the new regime and to prove their loyalty, they had to let her son go. Edward saw Henry Tudor as a potential threat and to neutralize this threat he gave his custody to a loyal Yorkist, William Herbert and his wife Anne. They raised Henry as if he was one of their own, and he had the company of the new Earl’s other wards. But Henry knew that a prison made of gold was still a prison. One mistake from his mother, his guadians or worse, his runaway uncle and he would be dealt with.After the Lancastrian Readeption which only lasted a year, Jasper Tudor was forced to flee yet again. This time he took his nephew with him. The deaths of every Lancaster made Henry a potential threat. Every male Beaufort was also gone. Margaret had to let him go once more, this time she would not see him for another fourteen years.Bad weather brought them to the court of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. There he continued his education, by the time of Richard III’s accession, he enjoyed the company of many English exiles, among them the formidable and staunch Lancastrian loyalist -Earl of Oxford. It was in Brittanny, that December of 1483 after it was clear that the princes were gone for good, that he made a promise to marry Elizabeth of York and become King of England, thus uniting both bloodlines, the Houses of York and Lancaster into one.The next year and a half he spent his time planning, borrowing money and now in the court of France, currying favor with the French king. He had tried to invade England but failed. What made Henry think, the French king and others told him, he could succeed? But they didn’t know Henry. He was by now an educated, cosmopolitan young man who was also confident that god was on his side. On July 29 1485, Richard III gave the seal to Barrow, one of his officials to carry out his orders in the counties nearby and prepare for war.To be fair, Richard III was the most experienced soldier here. He had known the horrors of war since he was very little and his life parallels Henry’s but unlike the latter he had been participant in many military campaigns and had the entire North at his disposal. Henry had mercenaries, disatisfied English exiles, Edwardian Yorkists and most of Wales with him, but that was not enough to beat Richard’s armies. On August 7, Henry’s ships docked on Milford Haven. According to Fabyan when he disembarked he knelt and thanked god, reciting the Psalm 43: ‘Judica me deus & discern causam mean’. -Judge me, Oh god, and distinguish my cause. The following days he spent recruiting, some of Richard’s most staunch supporters defected to Henry, others refused to fight and just stood by as the two armies clashed on August 22. Others like his stepfather, chose to intervene in his favor only when the tide turned against him. After William Brandon, his standard bearer was struck down, Stanley and his brother with his armies charged down, and with their combined forced Richard’s was cut down. Richard, according to various sources screamed 'traitors’ and refused to go, instead seeking to confront Henry, but he never got to. The enemy got to him and he was forced down from his horse and minutes later, killed. It was a glorious day for Henry Tudor, now Henry VII. He had won against all odds, but the war was from over. Henry would face many pretenders and plots against him, his mother knew and she cried tears of fear, likely anticipating all her son would have to endure. He died in 1509 after twenty four years of reign.

In relation to Paul Atreides from DUNE MESSIAH onwards …

While DUNE, the first published novel of Frank Herbert set in the Dune universe is the book every reader should start with; DUNE MESSIAH is the most crucial one of ALL Dune novels because rather than reading like a science fiction novel or another inclusion into this space opera, it reads like a narrative tale that is chronicling events that already happened. For a history buff, this novel is the deciding book in the series that sets the tone for the rest of the saga. Additionally, aside from being a deconstruction of the hero mythos, it is also a critique of history. From the onset, the book starts with one of many historians being killed simply because he wanted to tell the truth. But obviously, Muad’Dib, the grand emperor Paul Atreides with his ongoing Jihad spread across the Known Universe can’t have that. So … what does he do? He starts rewriting the past, allowing only a few historians (who in reality are propagandists and religious zealots) to tell his version of history. Irulan is (thankfully) exempt from this. Despite being made fun of by the ‘I do not need to read books because thanks to the spice melange and the superior breeding program of the Bene-Gesserit I am a product of, I can access all the knowledge stored in my super evolved brain to keep feeding my ego’ crowd, she stays a true historian until the very end. She doesn’t agree with Paul Atreides or his other crazy fam, but slowly comes to realize that what they are doing (while terrible) needs to be done to free humanity of pre-destination and oblivion. And due to being understimated by the pretentious Lady Jessica, her husband’s concubine and true love, the Fremen Chani, and of course, Paul and his whole band of Jihadists, she gets to write down history as it truly transpires. But she does it in a way that makes him look less of a tyrant and more of a reluctant hero.

This historical treatment is the same kind of treatment that was given to the Tudor Dynasty starting from its very first monarch, HENRY VII. 

I long for the day that Henry VII is correctly portrayed on screen because the way that the Tudors have gone down in history is how the Atreides clan did in the Dune universe. For every history buff that has enjoyed Dune, I urge that likewise, Dune readers do a deep dive into Tudor history to further appreciate both fandoms and see how the two can be studied together and dissected. Currently, revisionist historians who want to restore Richard III’s reputation have not ended up doing that. Instead, they have swung the pendulum the other way. As DUNE MESSIAH teaches us (through Irulan’s writings and Alia’s observations), the best way to understand saviors and deified leaders is not by extolling or vilifying them. Rather, see them as individuals trapped within their time period who feel as though they are ahead of it, and have to do what they must because otherwise darkness will reign.

Paul and Henry Tudor started off as exiles. Their foes never expected them to beat the odds but they did. But part of the reason why they did is because of the element of prophecy. And I am not just talking about the whole Henry Tudor claimed to be the long lost descendant of Arthur Pendragon and what not. Edward IV and Richard III did that too (though it worked less for Richard). I am talking about the issue with the whole Welsh prophecies that supposedly predicted the rise of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond. Before he was born, a prophecy was sung that from his father’s line, the savior that the Welsh were hoping for would come. This prophecy in itself was a call back to a much older one which said that eventually one of the Welsh royal houses would rise to claim the English throne and unite all of the Isles. Well … Henry didn’t unite all of the British Isles but he did start the process when he married his eldest daughter Margaret to the King of Scots, James IV. Their descendants, from James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland, ruled all the British Isles.

In an interview, Frank Herbert said that he chose to take the direction of Paul Atreides and (especially) his son, Leto II’s stories in the way he did to caution about the danger of charismatic leaders who reach messiah or (in the case of Leto II) divine status. It’s not so much the power they possess or how evolved thy are that makes the Atreides so revered, it is their genius at how they present themselves and understand that the power of propaganda (be it religious, political or both) is the stronger force in the universe and what shapes human events. In studying the Tudors and Dune we learn that history is a collection of accepted events that are part factual, part propaganda, and part a reflection of the time period when they were written.

[richmond-rex]

The focus on who fought or failed to fight for Richard, and in particular on the contribution of the Stanleys, obscures a simple truth about Bosworth, and perhaps about Richard III. It was one that the Tudor historian Polydore Vergil recognized. ‘The report is that Richard could have saved himself by flight’. He could have left the battlefield as others had done before (including the father he venerated), to fight another day. He would have lost Bosworth, and survived. Edward IV had been more bereft of support than Richard ever was, both after Edgecote and at the Readeption, yet had managed to return.

David Horspool, Richard III: A Ruler and His Reputation

[ao3feed-destiel-02]

Heaven (if you come over)

Heaven (if you come over) https://ift.tt/NK6eD3P by readeption Dean Winchester is losing his faith. Words: 1068, Chapters: 1/?, Language: English Fandoms: Supernatural (TV 2005) Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply Categories: M/M Characters: Dean Winchester, Castiel (Supernatural), Sam Winchester Relationships: Castiel/Dean Winchester Additional Tags: Priest Dean Winchester, Human Dean Winchester, Angel Castiel (Supernatural), Religion, Religious Guilt, John Winchester's A+ Parenting, Hurt/Comfort, Internalized Homophobia, Fluff and Angst, Sharing a Bed, Alternate Universe via AO3 works tagged 'Castiel/Dean Winchester' https://ift.tt/tq09X7E March 30, 2024 at 04:40PM