#verb study

[senchastudying]

I learned it's easier to learn verbs in their ない form first, vs. their dictionary form first. Makes recognizing the difference between Godan and Ichidan verbs 100% easier and removes the need to "remember" the "hidden/fake/lying" verbs that parade as the other verb type. The trick to doing it is far easier and I hate how Genki teaches it in the book. Leaving me with only having to learn the conjugation patterns for Ichidan, Godan, and Irregular verbs. Far, far easier.

[slavic-roots-western-mind]

The 然's

突然，虽然，忽然. and the other 然's can often get mixed up, so here's a quick explanation of some of the most common ones!

突然 (Túrán): This means suddenly or unexpectedly

居然 (Jūrán): This kind of means suddenly, but more in the sense of "surprisingly" or to suggest disbelief at something that happened.

忽然 (Hūrán): This also means suddenly or unexpectedly, but it has a more stronger connotation.

既然 (Jìrán): This is a conjunction meaning "since" or "now that"

既然the weather is great, let's go out!

既然 you aren't busy, let's go watch a movie.

不然 (Bùrán): This means "otherwise" or "or else";

You should study, 不然 you won't do well on the exam.

虽然 (Suīrán): This means although or even though.

虽然 I'm not good at singing, I still like to go to the karaoke.

当然 (Dāngrán): 当然 means certainly or definitely and can be used as a reply:

Can you help me with A? 当然!

自然 (Zìrán): This can mean nature or naturally.

China's 自然 is very beautiful.

She speaks Chinese 得很自然.

仍然 (Réngrán): This can mean "still" or "yet".

I仍然 haven't read that book.

依然 (Yīrán): Similar to 仍然, this also means still" or "yet" but it's usually used in more formal and literary works, whereas 仍然 is more often used in spoken language.

果然 (Guǒrán): 果然 can be used to mean "indeed" or "as expected"

This movie is 果然 interesting.

竟然 (Jìngrán): This is an adverb used to suggest surprise or something unexpected.

He竟然forgot her birthday.

显然 (Xiǎnrán): This means "clearly" or "obviously".

This soup 显然 hot.

偶然 (Ǒurán): This means "accidentally" or "by chance".

We 偶然 met at the same cafe.

How many other 然's do you know about? Drop a comment!

[marzipanandminutiae]

i feel u on 1920s hate. when everyone is like ‘finally women are free of ~restrictive~ corsets’ and its like . first of all. didnt need to be. second. how do u think the curvier women were achieving the 1920s silhouette. quickly.

Exactly. I mean, yeah, it’s not their fault at all that people were saying things like that, or that it’s reached a fever pitch in recent years. Great material gains WERE being made for women, and I’m absolutely not discounting that. But much in the way that people tend to throughout history, though, they firmly believed that everything they were doing was the best and most progressive that it had ever been. And that idea has been hugely amplified in later years

I think it also has a lot to do with the fact that the 1920s were, in many ways, the beginning of a world that looks familiar to us now. Widespread film technology, continued rise of electricity, clothing-ways that seem familiar to us today in contrast to what came before (for example the advent of bras and panties, although people tend to forget there was usually also a girdle involved),  Air travel, cars becoming more popular, etc. because it seems less foreign, we accept all too readily the idea that it was better in all respects than everything earlier

(And ignore all the ways in which it would still have been foreign. Like… The 1920s were not actually the Proto – 2020s, guys. It owed for more to its immediate predecessors re: era mentality and technology and even fashion than some people would like to admit)

I don’t actually hate the 1920s – that would be pointless and reductive, since it’s an entire decade that happened over countless countries, demographics, cultural groups, etc. I think I’m with you, though, in hating the way it’s been put up on a pedestal as the perfect progressive era that was unilaterally better for women in particular

(Also, I read a book from the 1951 about the history of undergarments, and this mindset is in FULL force even three decades later.The guy finds ways to inaccurately rag on the Victorians even in chapters that aren’t about that time period, and concludes with a stirring statement that they are now living in the perfect time for underwear and that everything is so much better and more progressive than it ever has been in the past. The fact that this man- Cecil Willett Cunnington -was considered one of the highest authorities on dress history for a long time probably explains the current state of the discipline, In terms of “you can say basically whatever you want and people will believe you”)

[mbtriestolearnstuff]

Some German verbs #1

Since I nicely typed some verbs I found in my notes, I thought that I could take a screenshot of the tables I made and share them here :)

IDK if I'll make a #2, 3 etc. Let's see how it goes! lmao

First table: to do, to ask, to hear, to cook, to live/reside, to laugh, to put, to say, to believe/think.

Second table: to take, to repair, to practice, to go/travel, to eat, to meet, to see, to give, to open.

Third table: to go/drive, to speak, to read, to sing, to arrive, to learn, to play, to work, to be called.

[honorthysalad]

Who’s this tool behind ‘Hikaru’ legit studying after some dude died right out the window?

[olde-scratch]

would akechi speak multiple languages? cause at this point its basically canon that he soaks up information like a sponge. would he go all out and get dictionaries and textbooks and pronunciation guides or would he be able to learn just from watching shows in the target language?

im asking bc i wanna know if he would memorize every single verb tense in french. 99% of them are unnecessary, useless, needlessly specific, and so similar to like five others. but would akechi be able to use them properly.

[isshonihongo]

JLPT N5 - くなる and くする

This grammar point is very simple. You use くなる when the condition of something becomes a certain way by itself. On the other hand, くする is used when the condition of something is changed by an outside agent (either a person or a thing). In this post, let’s look at these two very basic constructions and how the Japanese works.

Here is your vocabulary:

 【The Grammar】

The grammar is very simple. First, you take an adjective or a noun and change them to their adverbial forms. For example, the adjective 長い has an adverbial form of 長く. The noun ひま has an adverbial form of ひまに.

After you make the adverbial forms of the adjective or the noun, you just put it before either なる or する. That’s it!

We talked about the く connector in this post and about the adverbial に in this post.

I should point out that while this grammar point appears in most JLPT books and websites as くなる and くする, as you can see in the picture above, nouns don’t use く! For that reason, I choose to call this point adverb ✙ なる and adverb ✙ する.

【adverb + なる】

Here are some examples with なる:

① 熱が下がって、気分がだいぶ｛よくなりました｝。

＝fever will go down and then feeling became considerably better

= My fever went down and then I felt much better.

②  この仕事が終わったら、少し｛ひまになる｝と思います。

= when work finishes, a little bit, will become free, I think

= I think that when work finishes, I’ll have more time.

③ このごろ仕事が減って、前ほど｛忙しくなくなった｝。

= these days, work decreased and so as much as before, became not busy

= These days, I have less work and so I’m not as busy as before.

④ きみは｛大人になったら｝、｛何になりたい｝の。

= when you become an adult, what want to become

= When you grow up, what do you want to be (and explain)?

Some things to notice:

In example 1, the sense is that when the fever went down, the person’s mood got better by itself.

In example 2, the condition of having more free time arises naturally when work decreases. (ひま can have the connotation of having absolutely nothing to do and can be considered rude by some people. I use the word for myself sometimes, but I never seriously refer to other people as ひま.)

Concerning example 3, the negative form of 忙しい is with 忙しくない. If you want to make THAT into an adverb, it will become  忙しくなく. This was very difficult for me when I was just beginning Japanese.

Finally, Example 4 shows that the question word of 何 can be treated as a noun. This makes sense if you think of it as a placeholder for whatever answer the listener will give. Also, because the speaker uses the word きみ we know that the speaker and listener are close. It would make sense if it were a parent-child relationship. きみ is NOT used with people that you have just met or that you don’t know well!

【adverb + する】

Here are some examples with する:

⑤（父が子どもに）もっと部屋を｛きれいにしなさい｝。

= father to his child: a little bit more the room, make it clean

= Clean up your room a bit more.

⑥ このケーキ、ちょっと大きいから、｛半分にして｝ください。

= this cake, a bit big and so make it half please

= This cake is a bit (too) big so please cut it in half.

⑦ スカートを5センチぐらい｛短かくして｝ください。

= this skirt, about 5 centimeters make it short please

= Please shorten this skirt about 5 centimeters.

Notice that examples 5, 6 and 7 all include someone (other than the speaker) making a thing (a room, a cake, and a skirt) a different condition than the current one. This is when you will want to use adverb + する.

【Conclusion】

The grammar points of adverb ✙ なる and adverb ✙ する are pretty simple to understand. That is why they are considered Level N5.  Adverb ✙ なる shows a person or a thing becoming a different condition by itself.  Adverb ✙ する shows a person or a thing changing to a different condition by a different person or thing.

Thanks for reading, and see you next time!

Rice & Peace,

– AL (アル)

👋🏾

[mochayoubi]

just learned that the way we (in the US at least) typically learn japanese conjugation is almost completely different from how it actually works

I don't think I know enough yet to explain it fully but basically for example た (like when we say 行った or 食べた) and ます (like when we say 行きます or 食べます) can be conjugated themselves bc they're actually 助動詞

so that's how we end up with words like いらっしゃいませ bc the 〜ませ is a conjugation of ます

and also when we say 食べたら there's actually two conjugated pieces here which is the 動詞 (食べ, a conjugation of 食べる) and 助動詞 (たら, a conjugation of た)

whoahg

[darkroomnerd]

Actually shocked I've been able to study today seeing as I accidentally woke up at 4:40 AM, worked out at 6, had a two hour work meeting at 8, and then ran another errand before finally sitting down at my desk 😅

This Genmai Cha is saving my life, thank you toasty rice and green tea 💚

[apricior]

psst, I have a question about verb conjugation. I know Spain has a verb tense that literally no one else uses, vosotros, but I've heard there are even more niche and specific ones than that, am I right?

hii! :]

the only more niche and specific conjugation i can think of is "vos", which is second person singular. in some places of latin america it's used in a casual way (instead of saying "tú" they say "vos") but in spain (i'm not sure about other countries) it's used only for people with very high social status, usually for kings and other royalty

so, basically, the level of formality for the second person singular in spain would be tú < usted < vos. tú and usted are conjugated using the singular form of verbs (for "you read", for example, it would be "tú lees" or "usted lee" depending on formality; tú uses second person and usted uses third), but vos is conjugated in the plural tense even though it's singular ("vos leéis")

i'm not sure if that's what you were asking or if there are other conjugations i've forgotten about but i hope that was a clear explanation!

[peistudies]

れる・られる Intro to Passive Verb Form

Disclaimer: This is N4 grammar. If you don't know the difference between ru (ichidan) verbs and u (godan) verbs, this post will be too difficult for you! You can read this article first.

If you need help reading kanji, I suggest downloading Yomichan. It helps you decipher texts quickly and easily that would otherwise be too difficult. More info on that here.

So without further ado, let's get into it!

Let's start with Tofugu's description: "The passive suffix 〜られる tells us that a verb is done to someone. It takes the emphasis off of who does the action, and places it on who is affected by the action." (But beware -  The Japanese passive is not exactly the same as the English passive. More on that later.)

How to conjugate verbs to passive form:

-iru/-eru-verbs: Replace the last 「る」 with 「られる」

Examples

To eat: 食べる＋られる = 食べられるto be eaten

To leave: 出る＋られる = 出られる to be left

To close: 閉じる　→　閉じられる to be closed

To see: みる　→　みられる to be seen

u-verbs: Change the last character as you would for negative verbs but attach 「れる」 instead of 「ない」

Examples

To drink: 飲む＋ま＋れる = 飲まれる to be drunken

To wait: 待つ＋た＋れる = 持たれる to be waited for

To buy: 買う＋わ＋れる = 買われる to be bought

To meet: 会う　→　会われる to be met

To duplicate: 写す　→　写される to be duplicated

To divide: 割る　→　割られる to be divided

To write: 書く　→　書かれる  to be written

To learn: 学ぶ　→　学ばれる to be learned

Irregular: To come くる　→　 こられる to have someone come　　 To do する　→　される  to be done

Conjugating れる・られる

れる・られる is an auxiliary verb (cannot be used by itself, must be attached to other verbs), treated as an ichidan verb. Even if a godan verb is in passive form, 〜れる takes the conjugation.

Polite form 〜れる　→　〜れます To get pierced 刺(さ)される　→　刺され��す Plain negative 〜れない To not get pierced 刺されない Plain past 〜れた Was pierced 刺された Plain past negative 〜れなかった Was not pierced 刺されなかった

Forming a Passive Sentence

There are three main parts to a Japanese passive sentence:

An action: the verb of the sentence.

A doer: the person (or thing) that the action is done by.

An experiencer: the person who the action is done to.

Xは　Yに　〜られる。

Typical passive sentence: は (or が, or を) indicates the receiver of the action, に (or による) indicates the doer of the action, and then you use the passive verb suffix.

Examples:

私のアイスクリームを兄に食べられた。My ice cream was eaten by my brother. (This sentence instead uses を to mark ice cream as the direct object. In this case the same particle would be used even if the verb wasn’t in potential form → 私のアイスクリームを兄に食べました。→ My brother ate my ice cream.)

新聞がジョンに読まれた。 The newspaper was read by John

私は部屋を綺麗にして、褒められた。I was praised for cleaning my room. (This sentence does not indicate the doer - as in who was doing the praising - hence there being no green).

変な話を親に聞かれた。My strange conversation was overheard by my parents.

私の牛乳を全部誰かに飲まれた。Someone drank all of my milk.

Remember, oftentimes unnecessary elements are omitted. Therefore, the experiencer may be dropped from the sentence (especially when the experiencer is you or their identity is obvious from context). And, just like in english, the doer may also get omitted.

[slavic-roots-western-mind]

I Verbs in Chinese

A guide to some common I verbs in Chinese~

Ignore - 忽视 - hūshì Illuminate - 照亮- zhàoliàng Imagine - 想象 - xiǎngxiàng Imitate - 模仿 - mófǎng Improve - 改善 - gǎishàn Implement - 实施 - shíshī Include - 包括 - bāokuò Incorporate - 合并 - hébìng Increase - 增加 - zēngjiā Indulge - 沉迷 - chénmí ​Inform - 通知 - tōngzhī Innovate - 创新 - chuàngxīn Initiate - 启动 - qǐdòng Inquire - 询问 - xúnwèn Inspire - 启发 - qǐfā Instruct - 指示 - zhǐshì Interact - 互动 - hùdòng Interrupt - 打断 - dǎduàn Intervene - 介入- jièrù Introduce - 介绍 - jièshào Investigate - 调查 - diàochá Invite - 邀请 - yāoqǐng Involve - 参与 - cānyù Invent - 创造 - chuàngzào Invest - 投资 - tóuzī

[la-galaxie-langblr]

Me? Having a 5 day Anki streak and starting to build a habit of adding new vocab to my decks? It's more likely than you think.

[mbtriestolearnstuff]

Some German Verbs #2

Found some old notes with some verbs and I decided to make another couple of tables for them.

Plus, I rewrote the modal verbs table in the hopes of memorizing them (pretty sure it won't work lmao)

First table: to come/arrive, to be, to have, to buy, to become, to search, to find, to cost, to do

Second table: to drink, to answer, to close, to sit, to offer, to go, to confirm, to need/require

Third table (modal verbs): can, may, must, have to, would, like, like (subjuntive vrs)

[em-nikolaev]

A little compilation of French Verb Clauses / Tenses With a little mood in the background

French Moods and Tenses

Central Idea: French language has various moods and tenses that are used to express different actions and attitudes.

Key Tenses / Clause Forms 📄:

Présent: Present tense, Indicative mood, endings change based upon verb types, Ex. I was → Je lave

Imparfait: Past tense, Indicative mood, endings stay the same for all, Ex. I was washing →Je lavais

Passé Composé: Past tense, Indicative mood, endings change based upon verb types, Ex. I have washed →J’ai lavé, helpful link: https://acupoffrench.com/french-grammar/passe-compose/Avoir

Conjugations of Avoir:

J'ai

Tu as

Il/Elle/On a

Nous avons

Vous avez

Ils/Elles ont

Futur Simple: Future tense, indicative mood, endings are the same, Ex. I will wash →Je laverai

Futur Proche: Future tense, similar to I WILL do, Aller + Infinitive Ex. I will wash →Je vais laver

Aller Conjugations:

Je vais

Tu vas

Il/elle/on va

Nous allons

Vous allez

Ils/elles vont

Si Clauses: Clauses with parameters, helpful link: https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/si-clauses-first-conditional/

Types of First Condition Si Clauses:

Si + present or passé composé, (then) present, Ex. If you’ve done your homework, you can go out tonight. →Si tu as fait tes devoirs, tu peux sortir ce soir

Si + present or passé composé, (then) future, Ex. If you’ve done your homework, you’ll be able to go out tonight. →Si tu as fait tes devoirs, tu pourras sortir ce soir.

Si + present or passé composé, (then) imperative, Ex. If you’ve done your homework, go out. →Si tu as fait tes devoirs, sors

Le Conditionnel Présent: ‘Would’ Clause, I would like →Je voudrais , It’s different from l’imparfait in that the stems are different (remember first ‘r’ rule, not technically a tense, but it's really useful, so I thought I would put it here)

General Links:

Conjugation dictionary w/ context: https://conjugator.reverso.net/conjugation-french.html

Good explanation of indicative tenses: https://francais.lingolia.com/en/grammar/tenses

Good video with a visual timeline to help determine how a tense is used: https://youtu.be/SApp5pEtCB4?si=yGdiKMRXjMz5hpGV

^ Similar to the video above, but with a little more focus on verb endings: https://youtu.be/lbj5Wx8GP7o?si=XGS5qDCIogWoSKcv

A more concise site for a general overview: https://blog.lingoda.com/en/french-tenses/

I just really like this site, it's got a lot of avenues to look into, kind of a one-stop-shop: https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/verb-timeline/

Mood Chart 🎭:

From Busuu: https://www.busuu.com/en/french/tenses

^ This link has some great explanations of moods and a really great chart (the chart is THE BEST)

Verb Moods in French 📑:

Central Idea: Verb Moods

Verb moods indicate the attitude or intention of the speaker.

Main Branches:

Indicative Mood

Subjunctive Mood

Conditional Mood

Imperative Mood

Infinitive Mood

Sub-branches:

1. Indicative Mood ⭐:

Used to state facts or express certainty.

Examples:

Present Indicative

Past Indicative

Future Indicative

2. Subjunctive Mood ⭐:

Used to express doubt, uncertainty, or subjective opinions.

Examples:

Present Subjunctive

Past Subjunctive

Imperfect Subjunctive

3. Conditional Mood:

Used to express hypothetical or uncertain situations.

Examples:

Present Conditional

Past Conditional

4. Imperative Mood:

Used to give commands or make requests.

Examples:

Affirmative Imperative

Negative Imperative

5. Infinitive Mood:

Used to express actions in their most basic form.

Examples:

Present Infinitive

Past Infinitive

Note: Each mood has its own conjugation rules and usage in different contexts.

[frenchlitclub]

s'évader

/Ss'éVahDé/

-> to escape, either mentally or physically

~ Elle adore s'évader dans son monde intérieur.

~ She loves to escape into her inner world.