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finnlongman · 1 year ago

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I'm having a citation crisis and could use some advice.

I have the choice to use my department's stylesheet (designed for medieval studies but primarily for historians; requires manual citations and is also a huge pain), MHRA (not designed for medieval studies; can use Zotero), or MLA (I think this is in-text citations and thus not suitable for my needs; can use Zotero).

Whatever I choose, I will be doing the bulk of my footnotes manually, because I have a lot of abbreviated textual references that look like this

and this is, frankly, not something that referencing software can handle, and writing all of these out in full would double my wordcount and be completely unreadable.

Nevertheless, I would ideally like to use Zotero for my initial footnotes, if only because it'll make creating a bibliography a lot easier, and encourage me to ensure everything's been added to my library for later reference so I don't have to spend hours tracking things down later on. True, I have a large number of non-digital materials that have to be manually inputted, so this is not wildly convenient, but doing that now will make it easier than trying to find the publication info for a library book that's out on loan to somebody else at the last minute.

However. While this is fine for secondary material/articles etc, I have no idea how to go about setting up all my primary texts in Zotero. I need to distinguish between those which are only edited, and those which are edited and translated, in order to make it clear which translations are my own. But while it's easy enough to say (ed.) or (ed. and trans.) when manually citing, I ... don't know how to do that using Zotero?

Because the only way I can figure out how to list both roles is to list the person twice:

But obviously this is unsatisfactory since your footnote ends up reading ed. O'Rahilly, C., trans. O'Rahilly, C., and then you have to manually adjust them all anyway.

There seems to be no way to create a single role of 'editor and translator', and if I don't include that information, it's going to be a pain later. It essentially doesn't distinguish between a modern edited book and an edited medieval text, but those are in fact very different things.

UGH. I don't know what to do. The only stylesheet I have access to that actually provides information on how to handle medieval sources is the department one, but it's a) the worst, and b) genuinely just such a bad experience to interact with, like, it's essentially an essay about references with examples rather than a proper stylesheet.

Go away, this is not the time, I don't care, just tell me how to format this!

#gradblr #medieval studies #celtic studies #finn is not doing a phd #this is going to take longer than writing this entire portfolio did

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pollywiltse · 11 months ago

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I thought I had solved a problem, but it turns out I hit a dead end (and I can't even find the place I originally saw it).

I really really want the original source for André being a bad actor - not that I disbelieve it, I just want every possible piece of contemporary gossip about this man because I am nearly as obsessed as William Abbatt. (Also, like, I would like to know the context for this stuff.) So at some point - probably when I was wandering around JSTOR - I found a citation to a modern (ie non-public domain) book that mentioned him being a terrible actor and then had a quote from what I remember as also being the source for him sucking which was something about him being "very active, always hopping about the stage, and never out of humour". Of course this was on archive.org, which meant it was painful to look up the footnotes and I stupidly didn't do it and then that tab got closed and I forgot what book it was.

But I remembered enough of the quote to try searching Google for it (this is also how I found the source for "cringing and insidious sycophant", which Flexner didn't feel like including a citation for, the dickwad), but unfortunately I didn't get the modern book, I got The Colonial Homes of Philadelphia and Its Neighborhood from like 1912 (that's archive.org; it's also on Google which may be easier to search inside), which looks like a lot of fun, but unfortunately doesn't mention him being a bad actor in the part of the quote that they use, doesn't say who it's from other than "a contemporary employee of the theatre", and of course the stupid thing isn't footnoted (it just has an incomplete bibliography) so I don't know where they got it. And I have some questions about it.

#john andré #The Colonial Homes of Philadelphia and Its Neighborhood #you bastards why don't you care about making it easy for people to replicate your work #maybe it was one of the theater books?

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the---hermit · 3 years ago

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Thesis writing tips from someone who is currently writing their thesis

As I was working on the first chapter of my thesis I realized there's some things to keep in mind in order to make things easier. I am far from having the whole thesis writing experience, but I felt like doing this post now that this first experience is fresh in my mind. There will be other thesis-related posts, for now if you want to check out my thesis work experiece you can read my daily entries on here. The posts in which I have included these entries are all tagged as #thesis diary if you are interested.

When reading articles and sources use different colours to highlight important informations. If you find parts of the text you know you will want to quote in your thesis use a specific colour and tab them. The more precise and accurate you are the easier it will be during the writing process.

Also annotating ideas and thoughts on the margins will help during the writing process, because you will be able to link your own ideas to specific sources that helped you to get there.

Have a separate file with all the footnotes you'll have to include. If you have everything written down, and just have to add the specific pages last minute you will save a lot of time. This way you'll also make sure to have all the footnotes written in the same style (this is a lifesaver, believe me).

In the same way have a separate file with the bibliography you'll have to include at the very end of your thesis. Writing it piece by piece as you add sources to your work will make sure you don't forget any source, and it will make the task less overwhelming.

If when reading articles and sources you write down notes, for the love of god write near each piece of information the exact page you found it on. If you don't you will waste so much time to find it when you'll need it. You can keep your notes in the format you like best, but having the number of pages near everything will save you so much time and work.

The more organized you are when collecting your sources the less time you'll waste when writing. So keep your notes clean, write down even those informations that seem useless at first, make sure to know exactly where you found each article, and so on, you'll thank your past self later.

I found having a notebook fully dedicated to my thesis very useful, to navigate in it quickcly I used big clear headers, tab notes, and an index. This will all become very helpful once you have gathered a lot of informations. The research process is messy, try do everything in your power to make it as organized and as clear as you can. (I am going to create a post dedicated to my thesis notebook, so keep an eye out for that if you are interested).

When you add things to part of the text you had wrote already make sure right way that the footnotes are still accurate. The more you pay attention to it right away the less confusing it will be later. If for example in a footnote you referred to the previous, and add a new one in the middle, things could get confusing so try to keep an eye out for these things as you do them.

Having a rough plan of the structure of your thesis can be helpful to know how to refer to certain elements in the text. I'll use my own thesis as an example, I am writing about some witchcraft accusations. Knowing where in the text there is going to be the first proper exposition of the facts is helpful to know how much context I have to give when writing about people or facts in other parts of the thesis.

Do you have interesting and useful informations that don't fit perfectly with the main body of your text? Footnotes are your bestfriends, you can add insight, comments, further explanations, without breaking the flow of the text.

Make sure each chapter starts with an introduction of what you are about to discuss, and end it with a small summary of what you said. This will make your writing look much more intentional, and ties in everything nicely together. Once you are sure of the order of the chapters you should also tie the chapters together, by hinting to the next one in the conclusion of each one.

I feel like these are all the potentally useful thing I have realized during my work so far. There's surely much more to be said, and as I learn more, I will make sure to share the useful informations I get. As mentioned I am currently working on a thesis notebook post! Till then I hope this was somewhat useful, thank you for reading!

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studythenight-away · 5 years ago

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Hello! As finals season (aka 5-research-papers-due-in-a-week season) dawns on many of you, I thought I would share the process I used to write papers in college. This made writing long research papers much less daunting (but can also work on shorter papers). I really hope this helps some of you who feel stuck. Especially during these ridiculous times, when you're stuck at home and might have other uncontrollable factors affecting your mental health, a clear framework of what to do could be helpful. Good luck, my friends! You got this.

About me

I graduated college in 2018 with degrees in Political Science + International Studies and will be starting law school this fall. I wrote nearly 20 15 to 25-page papers, never earning below an A. I loved researching about my topics but hated writing. It's tedious, takes so much time, and everything I write sounds bad at first. Plus, I was a terrible procrastinator so most of these essays were written in under a week. Talk about stress.

Over time I found a process that worked for me, one that made churning out a paper seem straightforward, like going through a factory line rather than this terrifying concept of writing 10,000 words. It kept me sane without decreasing the quality of my work (or more importantly, how much I learned!)

I'm thinking about making a short video to show this in action… let me know if that could be helpful!

Step 1: Research

How you organize your research is a key step in keeping you sane. Usually I'll have a pile of 20 books in my dorm along with dozens of JSTOR tabs open on my laptop, and that can get overwhelming very fast. Right now just focus on collecting ideas, not developing an argument or even an outline! As with most research papers, you could be starting with little to no background information on the topic, so it is still too early to be thinking about an argument.

Put all your research in one document

Open up a new doc: this will be the heart of everything. For a 15-page paper I usually end up with around 14-18 pages of typed research, 10 pt font, single spaced, tiny margins. This seems like a lot, but essentially all I do is type up anything I read that seems relevant to my topic, so luckily this step does not require that much brain power. Just type type type!

Use the table of contents

Find the chapter(s) that are actually relevant instead of skimming through the whole book. Time is of the essence here!

Use Zotero, cite right away

You can also use easybib or whatever you're used to, but keep track of your sources. I like Zotero because I can keep a log of all of my sources and copy the footnote or bibliography version whenever needed. Before you even begin reading, cite the source and copy it into your research doc. This will save you so much time later when you have to put in your citations in the actual paper.

Here is an example of what my research doc looks like:

Full citation is my heading for each source just so it’s crystal clear

I ignore all typos (I don’t think there are any in this part though, go me!) because my head is buried in the book just trying to get all the info down

I always start with the page number so I know what to cite when I go back

Create a shorthand

While typing up research, you might think of something that the author didn't talk about that you'll want to write in your paper. Or perhaps a few sentences already start to form. Put them all in one place, with your research, so you know what source you'll have to cite to then lead into your idea. I type "!@#" before anything that is strictly my own idea so I'm never confused. It's fast and stands out.

This is an example: the two bullet points above are evidence from my source, which made me think of this argument I could make, which I noted with “!@#”

Step 2: Read Your Research

Now that you have all your information, go back and read through it all. Every time you read about a new theme/person/event, write it down somewhere. You may come up with a list of 20+ different ideas in your research. No matter how small, as long as there is something about it, write it down. Each of these mini themes is going to end up being a paragraph in your paper or combined with another mini theme.

Once you’ve made your list, look for larger overarching themes. In the paper I’ve shown you, I had mini categories like “political party x” “religion” “labor groups” “little organization” and “hierarchy.” When I looked back I though, hey these are all groups and how groups are working together, so they each became their own mini paragraph under the subsection of “Alliances.”

As with most research paper structures, I try to find three general themes/subsections (like an extended version of that 5-paragraph essay we wrote in middle school). It makes the paper less messy and also makes sure I’m not covering things that are beyond a reasonable scope.

During this step, you are also searching for your thesis. It won’t be your final version. As you fill in your outline in the next step you may make slight changes. But this is definitely when you start thinking about it.

Step 3: Outline

We’re ready to outline! Once I’ve collected all my different themes and organized all my subsections and paragraphs, it’s time to fill in that outline. I start a new doc just for the outline and take advantage of google doc’s headings function to make a clear document outline.

Here comes the fun part, I read through my research one more time, this time copy and pasting all my research into each section of the outline. The document outline in google docs makes this easy because I can just click on each subheading to get me there (super helpful when you’re dealing with 15+ pages of research).

Here is what it looks like:

Let’s say I need to add something to my outline about labor groups. Boom, labor groups. Also, the typos are really abound here haha

Step 4: Write the Paper

Okay, I get it, easier said than done. BUT! You already have everything set up. Your outline is essentially just a list of your paragraphs and all you have to do is paraphrase, cite, and create a topic sentence. And that’s how you should think about this: you’re essentially transforming bullet points into sentences and adding footnotes.

In high school my English teacher introduced us to Sh*tty First Drafts for creative writing, but honestly the same applies to research papers. Sometimes I’ll even have phrases like “wait no that’s not what I meant but basically...” and when I go back to edit, I realize that what came after “but basically...” is fine! And I keep it. So just start typing.

How do you cite while you write? Because we’re trying to get a constant stream of writing going, inserting proper footnotes after each sentence you type is too bothersome. I usually split screen with my outline and my paper so I just copy and paste a few words from my bullet point into my footnote, like so:

(This is from a different paper about cluster munitions.)

Step 5: Edit the Paper

I work best when I print out my first draft and make all edits in red pen. I feel more productive and can visually see where I want to move sentences and what I need to change. The more red there is the better I can feel the paper getting. (Whether or not that’s true doesn’t matter. We’re trying to stay motivated here!) When it’s all digital I don’t really see the progress. Plus, once I finish all the red, I get another moment of passive brain work, where all I’m doing is transferring edits rather than thinking. And at this point in the process, that kind of relief is much welcomed.

The good thing about this process is there’s not usually a need to cut entire paragraphs or pages because the paper you end up with is just a formalized version of your outline. Because you started with such a detailed outline, the cutting and editing now is just to refine your word choices and get rid of the “but basically”s. You’re almost there!

Step 6: Replace your citations

Now it’s time to go back and replace your footnotes with actual citations. Zotero makes this easy because in Word you can just insert and add the page number, and it’ll automatically do “Ibid.” for you when needed. Ctrl+f in the original research doc to quickly find the source.

Step 7: One More Read-Through and Submit!

Congratulations!! You’ve got a fully-researched and well-backed paper! Of course, even though the process is straightforward, it’s still a lot of work. In ideal situations I would start researching two weeks before the deadline, but if need be, I believe I’ve done this all in three miserable panic-filled days as well.

Please message me if you have any questions at all! I really hope some of you find this helpful! Good luck!

#studyblr #college #university #writing #essay #study tips #studytna #original #research #research paper #study #student #school #you can do it!

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charlies-crashcourses · 6 years ago

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Charlie’s College Crash Course #1: How to write a 10-page paper in 1 day

Background info first: I’m in the last year of my English undergrad degree and I’ve had to write at least 3 dozen 10+ page papers in that time. That being said, I’ve never once started writing a paper more than a few days in advance, and 9 times out of 10 I go for one day only. Honestly, this should be considered my trademark at this point because after all my high school AP courses and my English degree, it’s been going on 7 years of 1 day papers.

and so, dear friends, I would like to pass on this skill to you all. I should mention, none of this will work if you’re not already pretty solid on paper writing, i.e. if you only ever get C’s on your papers now this isn’t magically going to get you up to an A with one day. This is just to streamline the process, allowing for more time for other things or, more commonly, allowing you to not freak the fuck out when you realize the deadline is tonight at midnight and you’ve procrastinated all month on the final paper for your class.

(I should also mention that I’m currently procrastinating a 2.5k word paper due tomorrow night that I’ve only read one of two books for, so. There’s that.)

Anyway, without further ado, here we fucking go:

Step 1: Prep for the Day

this is going to be a marathon, not a sprint, so make sure you prep the day accordingly. Ideally, you’d wake up before noon, make sure there’s nothing else planned for the day, and tell your roommates/parents to leave you alone until you officially reemerge at midnight (or, if you’re in college and have a 24 hr library, try going there. Mine has closed off study rooms that I can chill in, but if you’rs doesn’t just find a relatively comfy quiet spot). If you’re at home, pick one spot, clear it off super quick, grab some snacks and energy drinks, make sure you have everything charged and ready to go. I don’t recommend cafes or the like simply because there’s lots of distractions and also those places close before midnight, so you can’t stay there the entire time and therefor waste time moving halfway through.

Also, I would recommend taking a break between all the steps after this one. Don’t let the break take too long, but just long enough to walk the block, or grab another snack, or do some stretches, or watch a ten minute video, something like that. I personally never break at a natural stopping point, because then I’ll never get back to it, but how you break is up to you.

Step 2: Preliminary Research

now normally I do some preliminary research beforehand. Basically looking into the topic, figuring out generally what resources would be best, etc. That can usually be done in five to ten minute bursts throughout the week or so before the due date, whenever the topic comes to mind.

But then again, I’ve also procrastinated that until the very end as well, so. Usually all that takes if you go for the day of is some quick google scholar searches, or if you have access to the MLA database that works as well. Or, if you’re more like me, you could just deep dive on wikipedia and check out what relevant facts pertain to what numbers in the bibliography, then go ahead and cite those wherever possible.

Basically, get a good base knowledge of the big facts. This step should be quick and dirty. For instance, for my paper my sophomore year on Robespierre (14 pages written in a record 6 hours) I combed through his wiki, some websites on the French Revolution, and watched the Crash Course youtbue video on the subject. The rest of the research was done after I did my first outline.

Step 3: Outline #1

This is just a basic “What the fuck am I talking about” outline. It can be bullet points, numbers, stream of consciousness, i don’t care as long as it works for you.

For the Robespierre paper, my first outline was something to the effect of: -born poor -school -elected to govt -took over govt -killed people -got killed

and that was it. It’s like, before you build a house you have to clear off the right amount of land, make sure there’s nothing in your way, and give yourself a vague area in which to build. Super simple stuff.

I did get some advice, from somewhere I can’t remember, that a paragraph is basically equal to half a page, and so (excluding one page length for your intro + conclusion) you should have around two paragraphs or ideas per page. So my outline above would need some more points, there, to keep me on track for my page count. I eventually added a whole paragraph about how he was chosen to read for a visiting King Louis at his school and was then ignored which made him hate the monarchy, and another about what happened after he died what with the government in shambles, etc etc. So two bullet points per page should do it.

Step 4: More Research

This is where you get a little more in depth. Look at your bullet points and learn everything you need to about them.

For my first bullet, I found stuff like: “Robespierre was born in France in 1758 as Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (the third of this name), to a lawyer and the daughter of a brewer, he had two siblings, and he could read by age eight. he also loved pigeons and started a lifelong feud with his sister over one that he gave her that she let die."

and then I would move on to the next bullet point, and so on and so forth, filling in the gaps. Make sure to keep track of where your info comes from, as well. It doesn’t have to be a full citation, but just the hyperlink after the fact is going to save you so much time, i promise

Pro Tip: don’t throw out anything as irrelevant just yet. Just gather all the facts, no judging. Trust me on this.

Step 5: Better Outline

this is where you start to have fun with it. I would like to remind you that no one, unless you have some crazy micromanaging professor, sees your outlines. This is for you and you only, so write it in whatever way makes sense to you. It can be colorful and fun and whatever you need it to be.

I actually took screenshots of my outline for that robespierre paper (hence why i chose that one as an example) so here’s a look at what I do:

so, really, honestly, as shitty as you need this to be, or as many jokes, or whatever works for you my dude. Explain it like you would if it were a story you were telling, not a biographical/argumentative paper. Get informal with it.

Step 6: Write the Damn Thing

Okay to now that you did the research and wrote your fun outlines and all that, all you have to do now is write it! I tend to do this in the same doc as I do my outline, but starting again from the top so I can see what I need to add next right under where I’m typing, then delete it once I’ve covered the material.

If you did your outline well, this is really just cleaning that up so it’s “school appropriate” and “not an affront to people’s eyes and sensibilities” or whatever. At this point, it should go super quick, maybe 2 hours max to finish up writing what you need to write, here.

Pro Tip: do your citations as you go. Better yet, make your bibliography first so that A its already done and B you know what your in text cites will be from the start so that you don’t have to add them in later. If you kept your hyperlinks next to your research, just open up citationmachine and get those cites, then replace the links in your outline with the actual citations so it’s easier to line them up with in text cites while you go

Step 7: Fudging

oh, you thought we were done after writing the paper? nah fam. Chances are, you didn’t hit the page count you wanted to, you’re probably around 1 full page short, unless you love long sentences. This is where my pro tip from all the way back on step 4 comes in.

First, before you do anything drastic, make sure your formatting is correct. If your prof wants the big long “name, date, class, assignment, etc” in the top left then that adds a lot of length. Fonts will also change your page length, and so will footnotes and citations.

If you did it right and saved all the less relevant details, congratulations! Just sprinkle a few of those in there and you’re magically at your page count. This is the only reason I included the pigeon story in my paper (and this post), because I was about 3/4 of a page short of passably saying I got to 14.

If you didn’t save those inane details, don’t go looking for them now. Trust me, it’s much more pain than it’s worth. Your best bet, then, would be to either A. Add one more point if you can think one up, B. do some more research for relevant details to add in, or C. expand on the details you already have with more examples or effects or whatever applies.

do not, i repeat do NOT, just try and expand the words you use, like changing “to” into “in order to” or whatever those deflate your phrases charts tell you Not to do. They tell you not to for a reason. 1. it sounds stupid adding them in after the fact, and 2. your professor absolutely 100% will know and will mark you down if you do that in excess. Inflated phrase charts like that are well known by professors, and also adding them in after the fact won’t fit in at all with the voice that the rest of your paper was written in, so it’ll stand out like a sore thumb. just don’t do it unless it’s your last possible “i have ten minutes to turn this in” effort.

Step 8: Celebrate!!

And that’s it! If you did it right, this whole process should have taken you around the equivalent of 1 hour per page you had to write or so, so in a regular twelve hour day you’ve got time to take breaks and eat and all that shit. Go turn it in and celebrate your victory!

#study tips #adhd studying #paper writing #don't procrastinate kids #crash course #charlie's college crash course

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hegglespeggles · 5 years ago

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How to write an essay you could not care less about in 10 steps

Hello. I have an essay to write.

I am also, (unfortunately) the kind of lazy, apathetic burnout who will only do my FUCKING work if I get really worked up. Usually that ends up meaning all of my papers are spite-fuelled tirades but my profs seem to like them so fine. I hope you find this particular raging tirade useful.

Today, I would like to educate the 4 of you that will actually see this on a fine art I have perfected over the years. Writing a paper, about which, you do not give a single, solitary, crumb of a fuck about. This is (you may have guessed) and excellent way for me to procrastinate doing a paper that *I* do not give a single solitary crumb of a fuck about. For best results, I recommend doing this NIGHT-BEFORE-PANIC like, a week in advance so you can fix all the NONSENSE that your more reasonable brain will undoubtedly find. But if it’s the night before and you are shit outta luck, this will get ‘er done. And with practice, you can even pull good grades outta these bitches.

Dissociating? I gotchu. Woke up the day of the deadline to feel like absolute utter garbage? Search no more friends.

FAILING GRADES ARE BETTER THAN ZEROS JUST FUCKIN DOOOOOO ITTTT

1. Go get the prompt.

I fucking mean it. Even if you are like 1000% sure you know what the prompt is asking, go to the FUCKING assignment, and copy that shit into your word document. Got the assignment on paper? TYPE THAT SHIT UP MOTHERFUCKER.

(Do you see what I fucking have to deal with)

Boom?

BOOM.

Congratulations, you now have a document, and whats more, there are WORDS in it!! You aren’t starting from scratch anymore kiddo. Fringe benefit, you always know EXACTLY what the assignment wants because its fucking Staring You Down. Not saying you have to do exactly as it says, mama didn’t raise no BITCH and I aint scared of fuckin CALLING PROFS OUT but if you wanna break the rules you gotta know what they are first

(Disclaimer: I have also been kicked out of class on numerous occasions for fighting with the prof and had full classes where the lecture WAS me arguing so maybe take my opinions of conformity with a grain of salt.)

2. Math THE FIRST

I know, this is an essay and not a fucking calculus test. But some of this shit is USEFUL OKAY

Take the paper in question. How long does it have to be? Mine is 5 pages. A page is generally accepted to be 250 words (double spaced because we FUCKING LOVE OURSELVES) so 5 x 250 = 1250 wds. That’s the goal. That’s the pinnacle. That’s your new holy grail.

Time to split this bitch up

3. Yarrrrrr, CONTENT

And finally, we get to the part that is the reason why you are being an absolute bitch baby about this essay (maybe. I might be projecting. Your life is your life and im sure youre doing your best.) I Hate this part, but now with our magic number we don’t need to pull 5 pages out of the ether.

This part really requires you to know your vibe. Is this something that you have a lot of little opinions (read: evidence) about or like, only 2 or 3 big bois? Look deep into your soul and figure out which is the easiest for you to shit out, a rant or a list. a great way to do this is to WRITE ANYTHING YOU GOT OUT

Here you can see I’ve put all of the thoughts I have about the question into a list, slapped some standard “opening” and “closing” shit around it so I can FUCKING FIND IT AGAIN and given it a good hard look. Whats the common thread in all of my opinions? That the prompt is fucking stupid and makes no sense is asking 2 different questions. Congratulations: you found your thesis. This essay, like many of my essays, bears the thesis “this is a weird question to be asking” (which falls under my broader category of “bitches aint shit” essays.)

Congratulations you have the bare bones of your skeleton.

4. MATH THE SECOND

The magic number returns. All hail our glorious leader. 1250 right?

So heres how I break this down. Break off a small chunk at the beginning. For this essay im gonna split off the 250. Split that baby in half. Congratulations, now you have a word count on your opening and closing. Personally, I know I like a lil extra space at the end to get all ranty, so Imma split this puppy up 100 for my opening and 150 for the closing. WARNING: You will think that you will be able to write enough in your opening and closing to take up lots of space. You will feel the urge to give them both the same amount of words that you give your points. This is misguided and foolish. Not only will you 1) not be able to do it but 2) even if you did, that’s like getting a sandwich which is all bread. No one wants that. Don’t be that dude. Fight the urge.

RIGHT SO. We’re still left on the other 1000 words.

If you have an idea that like, is bigger than the others, go ahead and give that puppy more of the word count than the others, fractions are your friend here and you wanna think about how much of your final product each of these babies will be. If you, like me, are an utter buffoon with no clue what youre doing, open your calculator up. Divide the remaining word count by the number of points you have. Congratulations. Youre doing the essaying.

If this is enough to get you started, GREAT! See you at step seven. BEFORE YOU GO I would like to give you this tip

5. CITE YOUR INFORMATION AS YOU ADD IT IN.

It doesn’t need to be a full citation, just literally a footnote with something that will help you remember where its from and for the love of god WHAT PAGE IT IS ON. The you of 3 hours from now will thank you.

6. Filling in the skeleton

I don’t know about you, but I cant exactly riff off of a single sentence. Like, I know what the VIBE of my point is, but like, I cant pull it out of a hat. The name of the game here is whittling down your arguments into thinner and thinner chunks that are easier and easier to bullshit. This is how you avoid that “burning building found in flames during Brooklyn fire” bullshit that memes. You don’t wanna meme. You wanna pass. So, figure out what the things you are gonna say and in each bit, keep track of how many words you are gonna write. EITHER

a) You put how many words you think you can write on any point beside the point as you go and just keep developing points and shuffling word counts around until it matches the total for that section

b) You evenly breakup the word count between all the points and keep breaking them down until you look at a subject and a word count and go “yeah that’s doable. I can do that.”

I prefer the second so LEGGO.

Ta-Da!

7. Write ‘er up

Ahhh glad to see we’re all back together again. Try-hards who can ACTUALLY bullshit papers, glad to see you’ve rejoined us! This is the part where you take all that shit you’ve broken up into nice little chunks and you turn it into something worth reading. You can do it. I believe in you. Try and keep your citations in place.

I like to do this as a question answer thingy, like an exam, so halfway through writing mine is gonna look like this

The handy part about the numbers is that it gives you a frame of reference for how your bullshit is going. Realized you had a lot more to say here than you thought? Dope! Less bullshit somewhere else, take it out of a weaker point. This point didn’t give as much as you thought it would? Split the difference elsewhere! This way you have checkpoints and you can see how your essay is going

And then you can go ahead and delete your skeleton work. Its time. Its served you well. For extra drama, whisper menacing nothings to it as you send it into the darkness. Personal favourites include “no one will mourn you,” “your fate belongs to me,” and “so this is what you have come to”

8. Citations

Theres like a million ways out there to find out how to do your citations and its gonna depend on what kind of a paper you are writing. I use Chicago most of the time, including here. My advice? Use a site like, bib.me or something to do your bibliography, and then plaster that in the bottom of your document. Use that as the building blocks to do your footnotes. Let Purdue Owl be your guide. Purdue Owl Style Guide Is A Mighty Friend Indeed.

Also your welcome for that, “putting the page numbers in as you put the info in” shit. That took me alarmingly long to figure out. It’s a wonder theyre giving me a degree.

9. Proofread that shit, ya bougie bitch.

If you wanna be time effective, getting a friend to proofread while you do your citations is a great way to go. If you have a few days, put your paper away and come back to it. If you are out of friends and time then https://www.paperrater.com/ is your last hope.

10. Slap a title page on that shit and GET IT SUBMITTED

No joke, I have been using the same template for a coverpage all through highschool and my undergrad. There is only one title page and every time I write an essay I take the title page from the last paper I wrote. There is no beginning. Only title page. Title? Topic of paper: point of paper. For example, If I had to title this screed I’d call it Essay Writing: An exploration of mediocrity. slap the date and your name and the course and instructor on there and BAM. YA DONE.

Anyway submit that shit an go to bed youre done goodnight

EPILOGUE

I’ve gotten this essay back, and when I wrote it, I was barely a human being. Barely capable of human speech let alone a coherent argument. I would forget the end of the sentence by the time I typed out the beginning. But I still for a 70%! is it the best mark I’ve ever gotten? no! but it is a hell of a lot better than the 0% I would have gotten if i hadnt done this. I get it. And i hope this helps.

#mine #my stuff #studyblr #essaywriting #musicblr #game of thrones #study motivation #study #academic

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studiousminds · 7 years ago

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Hey! Could you give some tips on how to write an academic essay at 3rd year University level? Your blog is amazing, love your content, its so inspiring!

Thank you so much! That really means a lot! I’m only in second year myself, but I’ll give it a go!

If you’re interested, I did a ‘Write a university essay with me’ type story on my studygram [@studiousminds_], which has my process of essay writing from research to submission, plus a few tips along the way! So I’d definitely recommend having a look at that!

In terms of other tips, or things that I think help me write better essays:

Genuine interest: This one seems obvious, try to choose a topic that you’re genuinely interested in and passionate about! I always have better, more original ideas when i write an essay that i already have some kind of opinion about! I know it’s not always possible to choose your essay topic, but if you can, or think your lecturer might be open to the idea, ask and do! I find lecturers are usually willing to if not openly encouraging to let you write your own question on something that really interests you!

Open mind: That being said, writing an answer to a question you think you already know the answer to also proves problematic! When I go into my research already knowing what I’m going to say, I always face more issues when it comes to writing, when I find that my ideas, research and argument don’t necessarily all add up. So keep an open mind, even when writing, about what you really think about the subject! Whoever is marking it will likely appreciate your openness to discuss other points of view!

Know what you’re good at: It’s become a recurring theme in my university education that I always tackle essay questions from an obscure angle. To a question like ‘How did the military revolution change the conduct of warfare’, while my friends would be talking about politics, society and the advent of standing armies, I would argue that there was no military revolution in the first place! Both of these answers is equally valid, and I’ve realised that I’m much better at attacking the theory and assumptions of the question than I am at listing facts and factors! Accordingly, I always choose questions which give me room to be analytical like this! But the opposite is also true - if you’re good at factors and themes, don’t try to answer a question looking at the theory of the issue! Find what you’re good at and make the most of it!

Reading: When doing readings, make sure that you have a wide variety of sources! I like to use a mixture of books, journal articles, and (especially when I’m making any reference to public perceptions of an issue) newspaper / magazine articles! Newspapers are particularly good because they’re often short, easy to read, easily accessible and there are so many of them there’s bound to be one on your topic! I also think it adds an aura of sophistication to an essay when you list things like The New York Times and The Economist in your bibliography!

Also on the topic of reading, if possible when you have more time or are on holidays, get hold of books which relate more broadly to your course and read them thoroughly (I like to highlight!). I’ve used E.H. Carr’s ‘What is History?’ and Carl von Clausewitz’ ‘On War’ in so many essays, and having already read and highlighted important sections I saved myself so much reading time during semester (when I already have enough to do), all the while bulking out my footnotes / bibliography with a throwaway line about how history is subjective or war is an act of policy!

Finally on readings, don’t wait until you’ve finished them to start writing your essay! Make sure that you’ve done enough to have a solid basis of knowledge, but don’t leave the writing to the last minute because you still want to read a few more articles! Chances are the ones that you’ve left til’ last aren’t as relevant anyway, and if you need support for a certain argument you’ll be doing more reading during the writing stage anyway! Doing a lot of reading doesn’t help at all if you don’t have enough time to write a good essay!

Exercise your brain: This might just be me, but I always feel like I’m writing better essays when I’m being more intellectual in my everyday life. Whether that’s reading a book, watching the news or listening to podcasts when doing my makeup or stacking the dishwasher, the little bit of knowledge and mental exercise really helps me to think on my feet while writing essays! Reading books in particular also really helps my writing style - I always write more fluidly when the creative side of my brain is being stimulated by reading other people’s words!

Environment: Find an environment which works best for you and stick to it! I personally write best when sitting at my desk (sometimes in bed) with a cup of tea and a candle burning! But other creative places might be at the library, a cafe, in your kitchen our lounge room, or even outside in the garden or a park if the weather is nice! I also find it easier to write essays when listening to certain playlists or artists which stimulate my more thoughtful side. There are a few of these listed on my studygram story, but writing my current essay I’ve been listening to Gordi almost non-stop! I just try to figure out my vibe for that specific essay and find something that will fit!

I apologise for the massive paragraphs, but I hope that this helps! Let me know if you have any other more specific questions on essay writing or study in general, I’m always happy to help! xxxx

#study #studying #studygram #studyspo #studyinspo #studyblr #ask #study tips #essay tips #essay writing #studiousminds

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zorilleerrant · 8 years ago

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How to Write a Basic Essay

Figure out your topic. This may already have been given to you, in which case you should just have the instructions in front of you to refer to. Otherwise, come up with something that fits the assignment (and you can always change it later, this is just a basic topic).

Use the five paragraph essay format if you know it. It’s not the best, but it’s a good start. If you don’t know it:

Write a thesis statement. This is a one sentence summary of the topic of your essay.

Your first paragraph is your introduction. Use it to explain what topic you’re going to write about, including any background information your intended audience needs to know. (If it’s not specified, your intended audience is you before you started taking this class.) End it with your thesis statement.

Your second, third, and fourth paragraphs are your body paragraphs. In each paragraph, you should use an example that supports your thesis statement. Come up with three examples. Your strongest example should be your fourth paragraph, and your weakest example should be your third paragraph. If your remaining example is also weak, you may need a new example or a new thesis statement.

A body paragraph should start with a miniature thesis statement, summarizing the example, along with any introduction to that statement that you need. The introduction should come first, and be no more than one sentence for a true five paragraph essay, although it can be longer if your essay is supposed to be more than 2-3 pages. Support this statement with quotes or paraphrases from the text/sources. Quotes are preferred, but if the quote would be very long (generally, more than three sentences), use a paraphrase. Remember to cite sources for either quotes or paraphrases. End each body paragraph with a short sentence that summarizes and reinforces what you’ve said.

The last paragraph is your conclusion. In it, you should summarize what you’ve said so far, and why it supports your thesis statement. You can also add any additional examples you thought of but didn’t want to fully flesh out. This is a good place to suggest further exploration, such as additional questions your thesis statement brings up, nuances you didn’t have space to address in your essay, or potential counterarguments.

Once you have your five paragraph essay, look for ways to flesh it out. A lot of this will just be writing more in-depth about your examples, adding additional quotes, and discussing more facets of it. You may also want to add in counterarguments you find likely (including, depending on the essay, common misconceptions), and refute them. These paragraphs will become quite long, and it’s perfectly fine to break them up wherever feels natural. If you don’t do that here, you can do it while editing.

Add more examples, as necessary. That fourth or fifth thing you thought of that would really add to your argument, but you didn’t have room for? Add it if your essay should be longer. You may also want to break up your current examples into more than one example, if the nuances are making it seem like several related things instead of one thing, or if the quotes you have seem to group together naturally into more than one group.

Editing begins. This is a good place to take a break, because some time away from your work will make editing easier. The first thing to do is to break your work into smaller sections. If you need to, you can mark them Section I: [topic], Section II: [topic], but most essays won’t require anything like that. Mostly, you’re looking to break up your paragraphs into bite-sized chunks, to make them easier to digest. Paragraphs should in general be at least two sentences (a single sentence that’s very long or impactful may stand on its own), and not more than ten. You should aim for the lower end. You can usually count quotes as a single sentence, even if you quote multiple sentences, but be aware of how this impacts length. If the paragraph looks too long, break it up.

Now that you’ve broken your essay into smaller pieces, look for those paragraphs that seem like they don’t add anything, or like you’re repeating yourself. Delete them. If something in the paragraph is important, but it seems too long, condense it into a single sentence, or leave only the important sentence(s). You can delete extraneous words or sentences in paragraphs with mostly good content, too, but that may be more helpful later in the process.

Edit for flow. This means making sure that each paragraph sounds like it’s on a single topic, and each paragraph sounds like it makes sense following the previous paragraph. You may have to move large sections around so the essay feels like it’s going in order. You’ll probably have to move some paragraphs earlier or later in the essay. If there are some you think add to the essay, but don’t seem to fit anywhere, save them at the end of the document or in a separate file; you may be able to find a place for them later, or you may not need them. You’ll probably also find yourself moving sentences from one paragraph to another, consolidating multiple paragraphs, or splitting a single paragraph into more than one (possibly requiring you to add content; you can mark [add content] to remind yourself to do it later). This is a good time to delete extraneous words or sentences, and work orphaned sentences back into other paragraphs.

Edit for content again. Are your examples fleshed out? Do any of them need more introduction, more explanation, or more quotes? Are any of them too confusing, or do they detract from the main topic of the essay? This may be a good time to replace unhelpful examples with any you put to the side. Fill out all the parts you marked for later. You should also double-check any dates, calculations, names, etc.

Edit for grammar and word choice. Unless it’s been specified otherwise, you shouldn’t use slang or dialectal speech. You should also ask whether or not to use contractions; some teachers strongly prefer that you use them, while others prefer that you not use them. If you don’t know, don’t use them; this is considered more correct in higher level academics. Some word choices or sentence constructions may read as casual; change them to read more formally. You should also check whether you’ve used long or uncommon words; it’s more communicative to use words most people know, and you should try to where possible. Try not to use words that you don’t normally use unless they’re technical terms. You may want to consult with ‘common grammatical errors’ charts. Remember to use the spelling, grammatical, and technical conventions that the assignment specified, or those common to your school or area.

Don’t forget citations! In your bibliography, you should include all the books, papers, and other sources you researched from, even if you didn’t quote them. Quotes should be in-line cited, footnoted, or endnoted. Paraphrases and references should be footnoted or endnoted.

Create a title page or header (as specified in the assignment; if not specified, use a title page) that includes the title of the paper, your name (including student ID, if applicable), the class name (including the course number), and the date (the due date of the assignment).

Format it according to the assignment guidelines and check the length. If it’s more than one third of the page, it counts towards the page count, unless the page count is under 5 pages. If you’re given a page count range, you must write more than the lower number, but you may write up to one page more than the upper number unless otherwise specified. For longer essays (20+ pages), you may be able to write one page less than the specified range, or up to three pages more. If you’re given a word count range, it isn’t meant to be exact, and you should attempt to get close to the number rather than hit it exactly (this will vary by word count), but it’s a stricter guideline than page count.

#writing advice #studyblr #how to write an essay

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a-h-arts · 8 years ago

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Defective Kindle Edition (review of Kindle only) This review pertains ONLY to the kindle edition. This is cheap but very defective! NO ILLUSTRATIONS. The notes are not linked from the text, and in the Notes section, the numbers are omitted. So figuring out which note goes with which part of the text is your challenge. Go to Amazon

A fun, timeless must read adventure I love art history books but am aware that many have better use, curing insomnia. Although this book was more and two hundred pages, it was a wonderful, well researched, attention grabbing narrative about the history of color, the difference between pigment and dye , the search for "forgotten" recipes and human sentiment around the globe to color. Even the epilogue and bibliography are useful and easy to follow. Go to Amazon

Pure Magic Beyond fascinating. If you ever had a box of crayolas, love art, or just want a fascinating read - this is the book. She even had a section on the Stradivarius violin and by pure happenstance, within a week of reading the section was at a live performance with a Strad. I was sitting 3 feet from the Strad and got to see the back of it - which looks just like the photos in the book. Oh - wait a minute - the physical book had the photos, but the Kindle edition did not - although they are listed in there. Bummer!!! Demand the photos - the are about 8 of them missing from the Kindle edition. Go to Amazon

Will Make You Rethink the Rainbow A surprisingly fun read, this is the history of colored paints and dyes. These days, artists buy their paints in tubes from the art supply store, but the old masters had to mix their own. This book talks about finding lapiz lazuli from a single mining town in Afghanistan, and crushing that blue stone to create the most wondrous shade of blue, first found 7,000 years ago on Buddhist statues. Green celadon was a seaweed green porcelain that only Chinese emperors could own. When an ancient temple collapsed in modern China, secret treasure vaults were discovered that yielded the unusual tableware. Finlay describes her many trips to the subcontinent in search of Indian Yellow, supposedly made from the urine of cows that are fed mangoes. And, of course, let's not forget the purple vomit of sea mollusks, the deep red blood of crushed beetles, the demanding work of separating saffron from crocuses, and the many trials and tribulations of those artists who worked with mercury, lead, cobalt and arsenic. This is as much a travelogue as it is a vibrant history of color throughout the ages, and the great lengths that artists would go in search of the perfect color. Go to Amazon

A personal tale of color, well researched, scholarly, yet written without stuffiness or jargon. Fascinating and easy to read. Awesome book. Scholarly, yet written in a conversational style. There is nothing dry or textbook-ish about this read. Victoria Finlay manages to trace the history of color in a very personal way, and she takes the reader with her on her journey of discovery. The book is well researched and documented -- with index and bibliography . The footnotes are a fascinating book onto themselves. This was a huge undertaking -- and very successful. If you paint, color, sew, photograph, or just love the brilliance of nature, you need to read this book. If you are curious about the origin of things, the "whys" and "hows" -- and/or you're fascinated by history, this book is for you, too. Go to Amazon

An Artist's Compass. As a painter using oil paint, actually any media, one needs to know the intensity of the mineral used; colors depict distance, coolness, heat even depth, combined with perspective one achieves a visual composition. "Color: A Natural History of the Palette" is an inside look, a visual compass an artist needs to speak their language. Chemistry of a colorful nature, a text of great importance. Go to Amazon

There's more history to color than I would have imagined, and Finlay delivers it in a well-written and fascinating way I don't normally read one book over three months... At least, not a book I give four stars. But this was an unusual book, and I read it unusually (for me). It is, literally, what the title says it is: a history of color. Going through the spectrum color by color, Ms. Finlay tracks down the origins of artistic iterations of each. Her travels take the reader through history, geography, and culture in a way that provides great (but not excessive) detail and brings the palette into vivid detail. It is not a quick read (obviously). I found it, at times, to be a book that I needed to put down. It's a weighty tome, and some of the historical anecdotes are easier (and more engaging) to read through than others. I found myself needing a break for more traditional stories from time to time, which is why it took me so long to read it. But make no mistake - that time was well spent, and I thoroughly enjoyed this journey. There is much more history to color than I would have ever imagined, and Finlay's book delivers it in a well-written and fascinating package. Go to Amazon

A nice introduction to color This book is a combination history and travelogue, detailing the quest of the author to find the sources of color. Her stories are decently fun to read as she finds sources and interviews the experts on the colors she is researching. With each chapter codified by each pigment, it is also an easy reference for the colors of her focus. There are times in reading the book when I feel as if there is a little too much of the journey (I bought this specifically to learn about the colors themselves), but having said that I think Finlay is a good storyteller. This is by no means a specific, comprehensive listing of color - each blue pigment for example - but it provides an entertaining and informative look at the source and myth surrounding colors in general. Go to Amazon

This book is a minor work of art Four Stars incredibly good book. I love reading about the history of ... Very, very detailed Great Buy I'm very pleased with my purchase Enjoying, and learning some things. Never Stop Learning! Rich color history A fascinating read. Artist or not, a must-read! A surprise for any dilettante reader

#Historical #art #book

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callmemoprah · 6 years ago

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Vital Pieces of Chicago Essay Format

The ideal way to do so is by pressing the TAB key. The indention is limited to half an inch at the beginning of any paragraph. Nevertheless, in the reference section, you must mention the whole reach of the particle. CMOS recommends blocking a couple of lines of poetry. Main content This is the principal body of the job.

This sort of Chicago formatting is known as Chicago Style 16B. Titles of plays ought to be italicized. The titles of the majority of poems ought to be enclosed in double quotation marks, but the titles of quite long poems ought to be italicized. For over 1 author, write each of the names of the authors.

Answering a kid’s difficult question is just one of the main things a parent can do. Address the significance of the quote and make certain that the reader knows difference between bibliography and works cited why it’s vital. Something which is offered, presented, or given as a present. EssayPro writing service will help to earn a difference! There are not any strict word limits. This is definitely the most common but yet significant mistake.

Academic writing is about consistency and strong structuring of all written texts. The total citation for the source is subsequently included in a references section at the conclusion of the material. This keeps all your paragraphs uniform in style and makes a nice, even flow throughout. A note could be added if a more formal citation is required.

Things You Won’t Like About Chicago Essay Format and Things You Will

Good essay structure and formatting also ensure it is much easier for a professor to have a grasp of your work and assess it accordingly. Naturally, Chicago style may have deviations, therefore it is far better to check online examples to be able to perfectly know how to compose Chicago style essay. But should you need to cite information your professor communicated in a lecture, there’s a particular approach to format your reference. And in the event you don’t wish to handle essay formats, you always have the option to trust us with this important undertaking. Here are four most common kinds of essay formats, as we’ve mentioned above. There’re several kinds of essays. There’s a typical private writing college essay writing format that you ought to follow.

The Do’s and Don’ts of Chicago Essay Format

If you’ve done exceptionally well on a distinct subject test and want to show us, don’t hesitate to send us that score. It is an impossible task to memorize all the rules. Somebody works part-time and doesn’t have sufficient time to do all of the assignments. We’re always prepared to help! Due to the double-spacing requirement.

Chicago Essay Format Fundamentals Explained

This may be the most essential stage of the procedure. For journals or magazines, you will also need to be aware of the volume and issue number. Block quotations aren’t double-spaced, unlike the remainder of your Chicago style paper.

Additionally, it goes a ways to verify that a write-up is totally free from plagiarism and therefore meets the demands of a well-written paper. Once we’ve discussed with you the precise time once the assignment has to be delivered, we can’t break our promise and will finish your paper not a minute later. In APA format, the purpose statement needs to be included as a member of the abstract that appears at the very start and gives a summary of the paper. Do not be fearful of letting creativity in your paper (within reason, of course) and learn more about the possibilities.

Adding these compact numbers and creating footnotes is an easy and streamlined procedure, enabling you to cite information throughout your paper easily and quickly. In addition, the accessibility of these things also gets harder. Many collections incorporate specific items, like timelines, family trees or scholarly essays, which aren’t primary source documents. Compile more sources than you require for each category so that you are able to scrutinize them later to make your last choices.

You may also have to provide some context to the info. Over time, writing has been an important system of passing information from 1 person to the next all around the world. The very first time a source is cited, give the comprehensive information as in the above mentioned example. Skip a single space after every source.

For such an accountable kind of paper, we’ll select simply the ideal writer with a Ph.D. degree. Gap years are sometimes an excellent fit for certain students. But when you have a custom made essay in Chicago style available, the work immediately becomes a lot simpler. Chicago style is quite popular with college and university students. Smith, The very first, 220-221.

If you’ve always experienced difficulties with this sort of assignment or couldn’t find relevant data to offer solid arguments, our experts are at your services. Google can really help you too.

If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we’ll make the corrections. If you don’t observe any particular requirements, you ought to use the next information to work out which formatting is best. For unpublished articles in the practice of publication, rather than a date write the words in press to demonstrate that while it’s not yet published, it is going to develop into a published work soon. Essentially, you’re trying to find date listed as the copyright date for the specific track. If there’s no last modified date, utilize an access date. Make certain that you number all your pages in consecutive order.

Source: http://mobimatic.io/2019/02/06/vital-pieces-of-chicago-essay-format/

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perfectzablog · 7 years ago

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Tips And Tricks To Keep Kids On Track During Genius Hour Projects

When Sean Crevier accidentally wandered into the room where educators at a Milwaukee Edcamp were discussing 20 percent time projects, also known as Genius Hour, he stayed only out of politeness. He had no idea the stories colleagues shared there would change how he teaches. For the past six years, Crevier has been letting his students choose and drive the learning involved in these projects. And he has honed some systems and tools to help kids find success with a style of learning that is often quite different from their previous experiences of school.

“You are going to have to sell it to your kids because for a lot of kids coming in, sitting down, taking notes and regurgitating is a lot easier,” Crevier told educators at the International Society for Technology in Education conference. And, he points out, this attitude from students is understandable; it’s the path of least resistance. But he still thinks it’s worth carving out the time in a busy school year to do 20 percent time projects because of the life skills he has watched students develop along the way.

“I’m a fixer,” Crevier admitted. He often finds himself helping too much, too eager to share all the resources and knowledge he’s already acquired. “And I think as teachers we are naturally fixers. But I think we don’t always have to give them the answers for them to have those amazing experiences.” He’s trying to remember to take a step back, to let kids try some solutions on their own first, and to step in only at the last possible moment. He’s all to aware how easy it is to let kids slide back into dependency on the teacher.

DEFINING THE PROBLEM

Crevier breaks this project into three parts: the problem, the solution, and the product. By far the most important step to ensure these projects go smoothly, in his experience, is the problem definition phase. He doesn’t allow students to do the project in groups, although he knows of other teachers that do, because he wants them to dig into something for which they truly have a passion. He worries that in a group students will compromise, lowering investment in the project.

As students work to define the problem they want to investigate, Crevier’s only requirement is that it connect to accounting and that it be something the student could feasibly accomplish within the 10-week time frame he has allotted. He usually gives them this project several weeks into the second semester, and he allocates a 50-minute period every Wednesday to in-class work.

Crevier’s students brainstorm ideas for their projects. (Courtesy Sean Crevier)

Crevier has designed some tools to help students brainstorm ideas and to help them realistically scope a project that will fit into the 10-week schedule. He mostly does this by holding individual conversations with students about the problem they want to tackle, helping them to shape it, make it more specific, and at times narrow the scope. Before they begin researching, he also makes them backwards-plan the 10-week cycle starting from a clearly defined end product. They have to map out what must happen each class period before that end goal, with deliverables for each day of work. If they reach the first class period and there’s clearly too much work left over, they have to rethink their project.

“That’s my favorite skill that they learn because I know they walk out of here with the ability to create, schedule and manage their own projects,” Crevier said. And, often students haven’t had many opportunities to practice this type of intentional planning because the teacher has done this work ahead of time, defining deadlines, deliverables and rubrics. One of Crevier’s favorite things about 20 percent time is that students do that work.

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STAYING ORGANIZED

Crevier quickly learned that even when students have clearly defined problems and end products in mind, it’s easy to get off track when searching for digital resources. He helps students stay on task with a project tracker, a simple Google spreadsheet he developed.

Students write the objective for the day in the first box, and then at three times during the class period a timer goes off, telling students to fill in the next box with what they accomplished during that third of the period. Crevier likes to link this system to the business world through the idea of “billable hours.” At the end of class, there’s a box for “pre-work” needed to successfully stay on schedule for the next class period. That “pre-work” is homework before the next Wednesday in-class work period.

He has also built in reflection after each 20 percent work period with a Google Form he calls the “3 N’s.” Students have to answer three simple questions:

What do you need from me (the teacher)?

What’s your newest knowledge?

What would you never do again?

Crevier has found that requiring regular reflection as part of the process helps students recognize the process skills they are learning. Crevier values the process as much as the product, but wants students to see their growth along the way as well.

Crevier has also found that while students research things online all the time, they don’t always have good systems to stay organized for a long project that may morph along the way. To help scaffold the process, he gives students a Google Doc for research, shows them how to use the “Explore” function, and demonstrates how Google will automatically generate footnotes for them. This saves kids a lot of time going back to find resources when compiling their bibliographies.

ASSESSMENT

One of the goals of “Genius Hour” projects is to give students more independence in their learning. Crevier believes that should extend to assessment or else the whole endeavor rings false. So, he works with students to co-generate the grading rubric depending on the essential deliverables of their project. Crevier uses RubiStar to create these rubrics, although there are other digital rubric generators that work as well.

“My main focus through all of it is that it’s about the journey,” Crevier said. “They may end in a totally different place than they said they would.” That’s why half of students’ final grades on the project comes from the process — the reflections, problem-solving and revelations that come up along the way. Crevier has found that if the process isn’t the number one target, then the content never gets as deep as he’d like.

Although students push back against this assignment at first, finding it confusing and challenging compared to the direct instruction they’re used to receiving in Crevier’s class, he has found that with scaffolding they do get better at managing their time, staying on task, and ultimately creating interesting solutions and products to real problems.

One of his students was undocumented and found the college application and scholarship process daunting because of her legal status. Her passion project was to create a web resource for other students in a similar situation, complete with scholarship resources, calculations for the cost of private school loans, and breakdowns on the benefits of spending the first few years of college at a less expensive community college.

Crevier has no doubt that the class time he has carved out for these projects is well spent and he encourages hesitant educators to dive in, even if letting go of control is scary at first.

“If you are going to ask your kids to stumble through a learning process and fail, then you have to be willing to do it, too,” Crevier said. As so often happens, asking students to take initiative, to learn from missteps, and to become more independent starts with modeling from the teacher. Crevier readily admits he has spent the last six years learning what not to do, but along the way he has connected with students, watched them thrive, and has gotten re-energized about what’s possible in his classroom.

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bisoroblog · 7 years ago

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Tips And Tricks To Keep Kids On Track During Genius Hour Projects

DEFINING THE PROBLEM

Crevier’s students brainstorm ideas for their projects. (Courtesy Sean Crevier)

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STAYING ORGANIZED

He has also built in reflection after each 20 percent work period with a Google Form he calls the “3 N’s.” Students have to answer three simple questions:

What do you need from me (the teacher)?

What’s your newest knowledge?

What would you never do again?

ASSESSMENT

Crevier has no doubt that the class time he has carved out for these projects is well spent and he encourages hesitant educators to dive in, even if letting go of control is scary at first.

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buyessaynow-blog · 8 years ago

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Tips for Composing Analysis Paper

Annotated Bibliography

Starting

1. Finished . This is unquestionably first doing you want to do is offer your self-time that is enough energy to your workplace. A thirty days to adequately gather the collection analysis and materials for a size this is certainly average10-20 pgs) report you need to offer on your own. At the minimum this is certainly bare should give your self-days that are few. The company helps you produce the nearly all nonetheless time this unquestionably much has. Write a routine that helps that is quick watch on time: listing the times you have gone plus the time through the afternoon you are quite ready to work. You might be likely to have to allocate your self-power and time and energy to visit your school library, take files, write a plan, compose a draft this is actually first and alter the report. Never set yourself up for a lot of belated evenings, unless you're every night that is specific. Typically, both women and men do work when they better aware.

2. It's really important to begin your study down by means of a Thesis that is a solid report. This can be a question that is appropriate suggest to fix into the report. Some teachers will demand to understand suggested thesis declaration before you start your research. Tips that are few

* Keep it easy; you don't need a subject that is assist that is enormous.

* Make it certain. It is much simpler research that is carrying out a narrowly selected topic than an indisputable fact this is certainly huge. Assist yourself by sharpening it straight down.

* Make sure your idea is going to work. Check with your professor regarding the suitability of the thesis to your assignment. Complete a study this is certainly bit is initially the collection to be certain there is an adequate offered product on your very own subject.

3. simply just take some time that is proper acquaint your self with the libraries you will end up using. Each collection has its own system for research products, and, it’s likely that they are going to have technologies which are split support you along. This can be a proven fact that is connect this is certainly great certainly one of several research librarians about where and easy recommendations to begin. You would not like to waste time this is obviously valuable to locate products if you will be under a due day. Every minute counts.

Using Reports

1. use small (4"x 6", 5"x 8") index cards. When you can, purchase colors which are a few are different. The evaluation if your subject features 2 or 3 split guidelines being the primary color signal.

2. Make sure you include authors' brands, web page, and quantity near the top of the card time. Furthermore, on an index this is really split, take note of all the bibliography information within the shape this is certainly proper the study list or bibliography. This can enable you to determine footnotes and citations and make typing the suggestions easier. Essay Writing.

3. try to be as precise as possible anytime you take note of statistics and estimates which are often direct. Make certain you search for mistakes whenever you tend to be done.

4. It really is good to have a complete amount that is large of quotes right as your finished but retains in your mind that at the most 10-15% of your done paper needs to be quotations.

Outline

This will likely be the action that is essentially the strategy. Your report will probably be since great simply as the overview you compose for this.

1. Write your introduction during the utmost effective. This, actually, will probably be your Thesis report extended to a section. Organized your statement meticulously, and guarantee the merchandise is suited by it you have collected.

2. in the intro, have your heading this is certainly first that main. Write subheadings underneath that and record your things that can be primary the component.

3. bring your note cards and find out those that you shall use to show your things. It will look something such as this:

Introduction:

Increase your thesis here. It should really be succinct and definite. Do not place statements that are opinionated "we think..." or, "In my viewpoint...". This reduces your credibility. For example, you can start such since this: Germany's involvement in WW II have been predicted by the dismantling this is certainly meaningful utilizing the nation's financial energy because of the Allied countries in the event that you had gone to compose a report through the economic facets included in World War II. Principal Headings: This is the manner in which you begin to resolve the questions which can be appropriate posed in your introduction. Methodically get over each true point that is resonant your argument. You might begin making use of the background and reputation for your material should you be getting a report this is certainly historical. eg. Germany's post-war economic climate. Sub Headings: right here, you break your Main going into smaller phrases of information. Each part requires obvious, well-orchestrated points. eg. Manufacturing. Critical Thinking.

One idea that is to want that is vital convey in your section. You can easily really tape the card to your report if you mean to utilize one among your note cards. eg. Manufacturing of exports.

1. And also a smaller bite of information you plan to make sure you cover. eg. Reisling business's earnings down 65percentper cent by 1937.

2. a bite this can believe that is unquestionably extra appropriate. eg. Co-owner was, in fact, Nazi this will be conspirator that is most certainly ultimate Heinrich.

Follow this method all of the strategies to your last, completing declaration. Your Overview should certainly be a synopsis this is undoubtedly last of the report; a listing of the Thesis declaration you started out with. When you edit your overview, ensure each true point is clearly made and that the flow for the report works to help with making an incident this is definitely convincing. As a result of the last end of the overview, you need to own covered most of the points that are primary posed in your thesis statement.

Harsh Draft

Write your draft this is certainly initially since as you are able to, after your review closely. Use most of the notecard information you're feeling is very relevant and essential. Never pad estimates being excessive your report. Whenever you have completed the draft this is sure is harsh precision and completeness of details. Until such time you're feeling they may be the strongest you means they are if you were to think specific areas are far too long or additionally skimpy, rework all of these.

Final Draft Revise paragraphs for unity and coherence. Reword your expressions for the effectiveness of construction, grammar, and punctuation. Utilize a dictionary to look at your spelling and use, or, in the event that you have a computer, run a spell check. You might prefer to see the report aloud to your self to observe how it moves and also to correct any phrases that can be uncomfortable.

Final Words

When you have done the paper, have a whilst you re-read it for yourself before. Ensure your quotes and citations are precise; hold your note cards. Have a moment that is complete congratulate your self, until you're already late for course. Annotated Bibliography.

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oliviaabm-blog · 8 years ago

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New Post has been published on https://www.annotatedbibliographymaker.com/bibliographical-information-definition-types-and-all-you-need-to-know/

Bibliographical Information: Definition, Types, and All You Need to Know

Foremost Factors Not to Miss about Bibliography

Many of the students and even experienced professionals have to go through the phase of conducting research papers at least once or many times in a life. It is considered as an important part of completing any degree program to assess the thinking ability and learning skills of the students. The bibliographies (bibliographical information) are important in any way for all kinds of research papers. You can’t neglect this part by replacing the section with any alternate option. This is the only method of adding sources of the gathered data in an appropriate manner.

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How an Annotated Bibliography Is Created

search for relevant sources3 min / source

skim through the referencefrom 7 min / source

read info about the authorfrom 4 min / source

write an annotationfrom 6 min / source

format the referencefrom 2 min / source

Are you sure you want to waste over 20 minutes of your life on bibliography?

A few decades ago, the styles of writing bibliography were quite simple. However, the present era is an exception. We have a variety of ways to write or include bibliographies in the research papers, there is even Chicago style bibliography maker. It is mostly suggested by the experts to keep it all simple without making the bibliography adding process complex indeed. Many students who conduct research papers for the first time definitely face difficulties in writing bibliographies as per the exact format. However, it can be simpler with the policy of ‘practice makes you perfect’.

Bibliographical Information Definition: How to Type a Bibliography?

According to bibliographic information definition, the Sources of gathered data that is added in a specific section of conducted research paper is said to be a bibliography. There can be either a single source or multiple sources. However, it is hard to find any research study with the single quoted bibliography. The paper based on multiple pages document cannot be prepared by gathering data from a single source. The individuals who conduct research and work on data collection process keep all the sources info saved for use in the final sections of bibliographies. It is quite simple to type a bibliography in any format. Here are some steps to find it uncomplex.

The page number of sources is important to add in the respective section of any research study.

Show the date when you have the copies of published paper.

Sources that helped you in publishing the paper along with their names and locations.

A title of your work definitely matters and it should not be missed.

The name of an author is also important to be added.

Keep all of these five points in mind when you start adding bibliographic information in the paper. It will become quite simple for you by following the shared steps of writing. Try some excellent and quick ways to type bibliography.

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Types of Citations and Bibliography: What Is a Bibliographic Source?

The bibliographic source is the place from where you gather all the required information for writing a bibliography. You can’t miss even a single alphabet in mentioning links or info on such sources. The bibliography or citations have some major types that should be in knowledge of everyone who conducts research papers.

The three common types of citations are being shared below.

The one used in psychology, sciences and education is known as APA.

The style used by conducting research studies related to humanities is called MLA.

The academic studies of fine arts, history, and business follow citation style of Turabian/Chicago.

These three styles are highly popular these days among the researchers. MLA is Modern Language Association while APA stands for American Psychological Association.

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Suggestions to Know When to Use MLA or APA

Students mostly get confused by choosing one style from MLA and APA to add citations in their conducted research papers. Here are some quite useful tips that can help you out in getting when to use mla or APA. This can be easier for you to identify the right choice of bibliography style for the paper you conducted some days before.

When you write papers in the field of social sciences, education, psychology, laboratory reports and scientific studies, the ideal option is definitely APA style for adding citations. This major style has actually been developed for assisting research authors in the year 1929.

Academic studies included in the field of humanities and literary research rely upon the MLA style. The work related to multimedia, audiovisual material, literary documents, anthologies, and books mostly depend on this citation style. The manuscript formatting rules are followed by this style of bibliography.

The Bibliographic Form: Significant Included Information

The information that said to be as important in the bibliography is fully based on the specific style. Whatever kind of info you are adding in the bibliography must be written by following the suitable style (MLA, APA or Chicago) in a proper manner. Here are some important information included in the APA style of bibliography.

Double spaced footnotes and endnotes

Centered title one inch beneath the top most side of page

Page numbers

Double-Spaced Lines

In-Text citations in parentheses

Capitalized titles.

Italicized Titles

Names of referenced authors in alphabetical order

List of references

The things included in MLA style of citation are also shared below.

Footnotes

Double-Spaced lines

In-Text citations in parentheses

Referenced Authors

Centered Titles

Alphabetical Order by author

Cited list of bibliographic work

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How to Write Annotations for Journals and Books?

Whether you write annotated MLA bibliography or APA cited paper, the important thing to consider is to follow the regulations of adding references to sources in books and journals accordingly. The procedure of adding annotation isn’t different from books and journals. It is mostly said to be an as critical annotation. Have a look at them.

The first step is to write a detailed short paragraph about an author.

Here, you have to discuss the actual purpose of conducting the research.

Mentioning about targeted audience seems more helpful. It is mandatory as well.

The actual context of study based on evidence-based data is important for sure.

The results are also significant to be discussed but in a concise manner.

Don’t forget to add the conclusion of the study as well. If you are still confused, then the feasible annotations writing format is ideal to clear all the concepts.

How to Find Bibliographic Information on a Website?

For adding annotations in APA style, you need to follow the given method.

“Peter, D. R. (2009). Ways to describe a psychopath from a sociopath. Sociology Nowadays. Collected from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wicked-deeds/201401/how-tell-sociopath-psychopath.”

The MLA style of adding annotation is given here.

“For instance: “Overview and Quotations related to Therapy of Music.” Musical Therapy Association of U.S. MTA, y.l. Site. 15 May. 2011. <http://www.musictherapy.org/about/quotes/>.”

The Chicago style bibliography maker will always follow this procedure.

“Suppose:John, Keith. “Rise of Art Sales.” The Sunday NY Magazine, June 10 2012. Used in Sep 08, 2014. http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/11/art-sales-on-the-rise/?_r=0”

All of these three methods of adding annotations in a website would help you to make your bibliography section more engaging and authentic. Learn more by going through an example.

Some Useful Tips for Bibliographical Information Collection and Writing

The bibliographical information can be gathered and added by relying on some effective tips. Here are some tips to help you out in making your work more legitimate. Also, try to share these tips with others as well.

Never try to use punctuation symbols as per your choice. Following the format is strictly important for everyone.

The order of info isn’t changed as well. Again, you have to follow it in exactly the same manner given in the format.

The style and size of the font should be same in the entire list of annotations. The paper will be rejected in case of making different font styles of the referenced sources.

This is it. Once you follow these tips, you would be then able to impress your supervisor. Like the whole written paper, the ending sections including bibliographies has equal significance in sight of the supervisors. This is how you can excel in research writing and can call yourself an expert of including annotations in quotations.

Things to Remind in the End

The overall guide of adding annotations in bibliography shows the higher importance of this little change in academic citations. Although, it seems not difficult but adding a description of the each source can’t be considered as hassle-free activity. Remember that bibliographic annotations for books/journals and web pages are two different things. In the case of trying to create a new style by combining their formats, you would actually create a disastrous situation for the conducted paper.

People who follow the step-by-step guide to adding annotations actually get success in making this procedure free of errors. Otherwise, the multiple rejections can turn it into a negative impression of your paper. Now, it is fully your choice either to make the method of adding annotations enjoyable or turning it into the hardest activity ever did. So, what’s your point of view?

Find out the treasure of bibliographical information for adding annotations in the effective yet simplest way. Save your time by choosing best guide for it.

#bibliographic information definition #bibliographical information #how to find bibliographic information on a website #how to type a bibliography #how to write annotations

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