#Network Architecture

[windsails]

escapism gets a bad rap but i think we can actually use it proactively to build a better world and simply enter that world. if the escapism fantasy is realistic enough, there’s no reason why we couldn’t actually treat the escapism fantasy as a blueprint and manifest it materially. we just need resources proportional to the scale of the escapist fantasy itself

to be completely honest nobody should have to live in a world they don’t want to live in, there should be social tools to distribute realities to each according to their needs, within reason. each world could have its own constitution initialization program, a server instance

we’ll still have to all do work to maintain the infrastructure of such a system but, that could be accounted for! personally i want to live in a peaceful reality with hiking and beaches and books, and computers

i want to spend my days simply appreciating every single moment and making art. and i don’t mind helping out with IT infrastructure and some light gardening

[nestacademy]

[radiantindia]

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[madmantechnologies]

Demystifying Network Architecture: Building Blocks of Efficient Computer Networks

Introduction:

In the world of contemporary technology, where connectivity is critical, knowing network design is like knowing the digital world's blueprint.

1. Understanding Network Architecture:

Definition: The design, setup, and structure of computer networks are all included in network architecture, which also specifies how devices share and communicate with one another.

Importance: Optimized speed, improved security, and smooth data transfer all depend on an efficient network architecture.

2. Key Components of Network Architecture:

Physical Infrastructure:

Explanation of network devices: routers, switches, hubs, access points.

Overview of network cabling: Ethernet, fibre-optic, wireless connections.

Role of Network Interface Cards (NICs) in connecting devices to the network.

3. Network Topologies:

Bus Topology: Devices connected to a shared communication medium.

Star Topology: Devices connected to a central switch or hub.

Mesh Topology: Full or partial connections between all devices for redundancy.

Hybrid Topology: Combination of different basic topologies to meet specific needs.

4. Network Services and Security:

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatic IP address assignment.

DNS (Domain Name System): Translation of domain names to IP addresses.

NAT (Network Address Translation): Mapping of private IP addresses to public IP addresses.

Firewalls: Monitoring and control of network traffic for security purposes.

Conclusion:

Network architecture serves as the backbone of modern computing, enabling seamless communication and data exchange. By comprehending its core components - both physical and logical - and understanding the significance of network topologies and services, individuals can navigate the digital landscape with confidence, ensuring the efficiency, reliability, and security of computer networks.

MADMAN TECHNOLOGIES is one of the leading IT sector companies, where technical experts can help you to build your setup and best network where the chances of getting any threat are less. Computer Networks are actions designed to protect the convenience and integrity of the network and data. It incorporates both hardware and software technologies. Customers’ needs and worries are the priority.

For more details or any other further queries, you can contact the undersigned:-

email — madmantechnologies.ai@gmail.com

Contact no. — 9625468776

[vipintiwarionline]

Network Architecture !!!!!!

[pharaohgargamel]

Зима. Готика. Темная эстетика.✨❄🏰🕸

-----

Winter. Gothic. Dark aesthetic.✨❄🏰🕸

[thebritbeard]

Minecraft Gravity Falls Mystery Shack .mcworld file

Minecraft Gravity Falls Mystery Shack .mcworld file - TheBritBeard 18+'s Ko-fi Shop

Minecraft Gravity Falls Mystery Shack .mcworld file Free, work in progress. Also, Find me on BuildPaste

buildpaste.net/profile/0PSRdbZ785Nxu3GLKSV9Ff1V8Vz1 Hope to stream create mode and make builds available going forward.

Find me in Discord: discord.gg/svWftywxR4

[lucasmarcomini]

Italy

Nikon F80 - Kodak Portra 400

Follow me on Instagram

[mikotos-nape-nibbler]

Assigning the MILGRAM characters STEM majors:

01 Haruka: Evolutionary biology I think between the taxidermy in his MV and the tree drawing which you could look at as a Tree of Life, evolutionary bio could fit him. There's probably more biological life sciences fields out there but this is the first one that came to mind.

02 Yuno: Psychology I'd initially thought biology or human biology for Yuno but it might be too expectant for a person of her demographic that she'd dislike that. Maybe to figure out why she feels so cold she'd go into psychology in order to understand and fix herself on her own. Also, she could use her personal experiences of having to entertain whoever she's being solicited by to unravel their psychology.

03 Fuuta: Computer Science with a concentration in cybersecurity and minor in game development Let's see... Insecure, chronically online sneakerhead who has knowledge on doxxing. This guy screams computer science, from the clothes to his attitude I wouldn't be surprised to find him in one of my classes tbh. Since he yapped to Es about how easy it was to doxx someone and, the fact that he's an internet vigilante, he's probably cautious on protecting his online privacy + knowledgeable on how information is found online leads us to cybersecurity. And since Bring It On MV features him seeing himself as a knight class player in a videogame, he'd probably study game development as well.

04 Muu: Social psychology (with a minor in public policy) Queen bee.

05 Shidou: Biomedical Engineering (+ premed) -> went into med school after undergrad

06 Mahiru: Interior Architecture (and a minor in industrial design)

07 Kazui: Applied Mathematics -> data science skills got him into the NPA

08 Amane: Theological Anthropology

09 Mikoto: Computer Science with a concentration in software engineering and neural networks Software engineering is like the basic of computer science, highly competitive nowadays due to its oversaturation but still sought after by a lot of Japanese companies. He'd still be able to utilize any arts and design skills in software engineering since that's one of the skills necessary in the job. As for neural networks, considering Mikoto's brain able to split into another person capable of independent thought and action, working with neural networks is like developing a human since it mimics how humans thoughts are formed and connected.

10 Kotoko: Forensic science and legal anthropology

[byebyesupercut]

[brickcollector]

my camera roll from nema is like one million photos but I got to visit some of the Newport RI mansions and UGH screaming crying throwing up it was so cool

[alexsmithson]

Despite the humid weather, it was refreshing to see the general public embrace London Bridge’s architectural buzz in the summertime. #shotoniphone #photography #london #travel #architecture #old #contemporary #summer #community #art #natural #landscapephotography

[sublimepizzastarfish]

Pirate Software's "rearchitecture" for Stop Killing Games

There's been a lot of fascinating drama around Stop Killing Games. Go read the initiative here:

It is a good initiative, and anyone who is a consumer that can, should absolutely go support it.

Jason "Thor" Hall, CEO of Pirate Software, recently had a few, let's say, "takes" on the matter (I'm trying and failing to remain neutral), which began on a stream. The stream's VOD has since deleted on his YouTube channel.

Louis Rossmann, who you might know as the largest Right to Repair activist in the US, made a response to a section of the releevant stream here:

Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, made two videos to clarify his points:

There is an argument in the video at the 2:08 mark that I will reference later.

(I recommend watching all these videos on 2x speed. You will get the same info out of them all, because especially video 2 is a lot of repetition)

Now, as mentioned above, there is one particular technical argument that bugs me about what Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, is making. Here is the full quote:

How would you keep League of Legends in a functional, playable state? You'd have to rearchitect the entire game. The game is what is called "client-server". So, in client-server models, there's a server, there's a client, and all of the math, all of the game, everything happens on the server. The client just displays it. And the reason we want to do it that way is so that you can't teleport around and do a billion damage. You don't trust the client. You trust the server. The client just displays what it's told. Right? So, if we wanted to rearchitect this, we would have to take all of that server logic, push it back out into the client, and somehow make that playable in a multiplayer-only video game. That doesn't make sense to me. So this doesn't work for all games. Why is [the initiative] calling out all games?

So, first off, yes, most games do client-server architecture for multiplayer logic, because you do trust the servers. It is an important step to curbing an entire class of cheats. It doesn't necessarily mean the client isn't malicious (for example, there are cheats for League of Legends that show a growing circle when an enemy leaves the fog of war in the minimap). However, it does mean the client doesn't know 100% of the game at any time when information is selectively fed to each client based on something like the fog of war. That's awesome.

Some games, like PlanetSide (rest in peace) and Overwatch (2) use what's called client-side hit detection. Some games, like Halo 1, employ more selective hit detection models, where only certain weapons use client-side hit detection (see https://c20.reclaimers.net/h1/engine/netcode/). Client-side versus server-side hit detection can change the overall feel of a game, and it's one of the things game developers decide on in multiplayer-only games that require it. In the case of an massively multiplayer online first person shooter (MMOFPS) like PlanetSide (2), the server simply can't calculate thousands of people's math in a reasonable amount of time, because otherwise the hit detection would otherwise feel very crappy to play, and so the math is offloaded to the client and the client says "hit" when they hit.

However, there are a few counterexamples to the specific technical argument that keeping the game playable after end-of-lifing it requires rearchitecting:

Games with dedicated servers exist - Command & Conquer: Renegade, Starsiege: TRIBES

Games where one client also hosts the multiplayer server exist - Half Life 2, Warhammer 40k: Space Marine

Private server hosting exists - World of Warcraft

Some of these games, particularly the examples with dedicated servers that can be run on user hardware, can also run as the second example.

To say keeping a multiplayer-only online game requires rearchitecting a game like League of Legends means a lack of imagination. More relevantly, it means a lack of systems thinking.

To me, it is very strange for someone such as Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, who is self-described as being a 20 year veteran of the games industry to say. I won't say skill issue, because I think there is an ulterior motive at play.

Just to hammer the point home, I drew up some crappy diagrams in Inkscape because this extremely wrong technical argument bugged me so, so much.

Here is what a client-server model looks like:

Here, you have 10 clients, each being a player of the game. Then, you have the server, run by Riot, the developer and maintainer of League of Legends.

Here is the imagination of Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, had to say on the matter on the required way rearchitect it:

Those who know their network models would understand this looks very much like a mesh network, or a peer-to-peer model. And, to be fair, some games might attempt it.

However, this isn't *usually* how games described using a peer-to-peer (P2P) model work. Most peer-to-peer models, like the architecture used in Space Marines, are often used for matchmaking. Once you are in a game, one of the clients also serves as the host (selecting by some algorithm, like randomly or whoever has the best hardware).

P2P is nice, because the company doesn't have to run servers for matchmaking at all during their lifespan (and sometimes a matchmaking server might be spun up to serve as a relay to help with network issues or help other clients find clients quickly). As we'll get into later, a client machine will also serve as the host machine. It is a perfectly fair and valid, although it comes with it's frustrations (mainly in the realm of network address translation (NAT) traversal, because your computer behind a router is not usually exposed to the wider Internet, though sometimes routers have universal plug-and-play (UPnP) set up, which makes NAT traversal much easier here).

If you've ever seen a message in the game "migrating host" because the host left, they likely use P2P matchmaking, but still use a client-server model. They can just migrate the game data to a new host using the data on the other clients as a seed for the data.

This is likely their setup for actual gameplay:

One of the clients now has a server on the same machine. Sometimes, this could be the game itself that would serve in singleplayer. However, most often, this is just a server that's lightweight enough for the client to connect to and they play that way (it's also really nice to develop and QA this way, because many server bugs will also be seen by the client).

Now, one of the disadvantages here is: Can all remote clients connect to the host that the server (and one of the clients) is running on? Again, NAT traversal issues usually play a role here. In the first few days of any game that uses this, and only this, there will likely be a lot of issues with connectivity.

Another disadvantage: The host won't have latency issues. This is why in the case of, for example, Among Us, the client host can see certain things happening (like someone is dead the moment they hit a button or reported a body), but remote player hosts might not.

Okay, so, maybe it's not possible to rearchitect something like League of Legends like this. It could reasonably be a lot of work. Here is another solution:

Looks very similar to the first architecture, doesn't it? It is! The difference is that the text "Riot" was changed to "not Riot".

This is how World of Warcraft and Pokemon Go private servers work.

The vast majority of games that would not run without private servers simply do not require rearchitecting to keep in a reasonably playable state when the servers shut down.

[rabbitcruiser]

Cable News Network (CNN) began broadcasting on June 1, 1980.