#structured programming

[frank-olivier]

The Evolution of Programming Paradigms: Recursion’s Impact on Language Design

“Recursion, n. See Recursion.” -- Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary (1906-1911)

The roots of programming languages can be traced back to Alan Turing's groundbreaking work in the 1930s. Turing's vision of a universal computing machine, known as the Turing machine, laid the theoretical foundation for modern computing. His concept of a stack, although not explicitly named, was an integral part of his model for computation.

Turing's machine utilized an infinite tape divided into squares, with a read-write head that could move along the tape. This tape-based system exhibited stack-like behavior, where the squares represented elements of a stack, and the read-write head performed operations like pushing and popping data. Turing's work provided a theoretical framework that would later influence the design of programming languages and computer architectures.

In the 1950s, the development of high-level programming languages began to revolutionize the field of computer science. The introduction of FORTRAN (Formula Translation) in 1957 by John Backus and his team at IBM marked a significant milestone. FORTRAN was designed to simplify the programming process, allowing scientists and engineers to express mathematical formulas and algorithms more naturally.

Around the same time, Grace Hopper, a pioneering computer scientist, led the development of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language). COBOL aimed to address the needs of business applications, focusing on readability and English-like syntax. These early high-level languages introduced the concept of structured programming, where code was organized into blocks and subroutines, laying the groundwork for stack-based function calls.

As high-level languages gained popularity, the underlying computer architectures also evolved. James Hamblin's work on stack machines in the 1950s played a crucial role in the practical implementation of stacks in computer systems. Hamblin's stack machine, also known as a zero-address machine, utilized a central stack memory for storing intermediate results during computation.

Assembly language, a low-level programming language, was closely tied to the architecture of the underlying computer. It provided direct control over the machine's hardware, including the stack. Assembly language programs used stack-based instructions to manipulate data and manage subroutine calls, making it an essential tool for early computer programmers.

The development of ALGOL (Algorithmic Language) in the late 1950s and early 1960s was a significant step forward in programming language design. ALGOL was a collaborative effort by an international team, including Friedrich L. Bauer and Klaus Samelson, to create a language suitable for expressing algorithms and mathematical concepts.

Bauer and Samelson's work on ALGOL introduced the concept of recursive subroutines and the activation record stack. Recursive subroutines allowed functions to call themselves with different parameters, enabling the creation of elegant and powerful algorithms. The activation record stack, also known as the call stack, managed the execution of these recursive functions by storing information about each function call, such as local variables and return addresses.

ALGOL's structured approach to programming, combined with the activation record stack, set a new standard for language design. It influenced the development of subsequent languages like Pascal, C, and Java, which adopted stack-based function calls and structured programming paradigms.

The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the emergence of structured and object-oriented programming languages, further solidifying the role of stacks in computer science. Pascal, developed by Niklaus Wirth, built upon ALGOL's structured programming concepts and introduced more robust stack-based function calls.

The 1980s saw the rise of object-oriented programming with languages like C++ and Smalltalk. These languages introduced the concept of objects and classes, encapsulating data and behavior. The stack played a crucial role in managing object instances and method calls, ensuring proper memory allocation and deallocation.

Today, stacks continue to be an integral part of modern programming languages and paradigms. Languages like Java, Python, and C# utilize stacks implicitly for function calls and local variable management. The stack-based approach allows for efficient memory management and modular code organization.

Functional programming languages, such as Lisp and Haskell, also leverage stacks for managing function calls and recursion. These languages emphasize immutability and higher-order functions, making stacks an essential tool for implementing functional programming concepts.

Moreover, stacks are fundamental in the implementation of virtual machines and interpreters. Technologies like the Java Virtual Machine and the Python interpreter use stacks to manage the execution of bytecode or intermediate code, providing platform independence and efficient code execution.

The evolution of programming languages is deeply intertwined with the development and refinement of the stack. From Turing's theoretical foundations to the practical implementations of stack machines and the activation record stack, the stack has been a driving force in shaping the way we program computers.

How the stack got stacked (Kay Lack, September 2024)

Thursday, October 10, 2024

[python-programming-language]

Paradigmen in der Welt der Programmierung ...

www.dev-insider.de/was-ist-ein-programmierparadigma-a-864056/

Behandelte Programmierparadigmen:

strukturierte Programmierung

prozedurale Programmierung

objektorientierte Programmierung

modulare Programmierung

Post #68: DevInsider, Crissi Kraus & Stephan Augsten, Was ist ein Programmierparadigma?, 2023.

[wikipediagrams]

[samuraijacksoff]

iv lately been converting minecraft screencaps into 32x32 pixels so i can cross stitch them :)

[reksink]

Thorns, Bouquet

[the-hot-zone]

recommendations for @mail-me-a-snail & honestly everyone who follows me bc y'all know i give out recommendations like candy. i think especially you may like I think love is something that happens to other people and HOW TO BE A DOG (the latter is similar to Your Faithful Servant).

[polysyndetonaddictsupportgroup]

hello hello!! your fic pez dispenser debris brings me immense joy. and i wanna know if the other nejire and tamaki will be showing up. id love to see their reactions to fucking #leku. and i’d love to hear your thoughts on them in general if you have any to spare. the big three have such a fun dynamic to me.

Tamaki will appear. I’m not fully settled on Nejire. In my mind, she moved to Kyoto not long after she graduated but keeps in very close touch (if you read the battle of Yokohama posts, she was there during that fight because she was visiting Her Boys and insisted on a Big Three Sleep Over, which is why the three of them were together when Izuku called to begin with). They have a group chat that she started blowing up when the Leku news hit. All of them are painfully, violently aware of the fact Mirio is absolutely not dating Izuku and also of the fact that Mirio’s probably close to drowning himself at the mere thought.

I do really like the idea of the Big Three having been sort of outcasts before they were the big three, and I think canon supports this reading. They were all sort of the weird kids. They were each other’s only friends. After they started rising in the ranks, they became more popular, but they all consider the others their main people.

I also like the idea that they became the Big Three because of each other.

They were friends before they were the big three. And it’s not a coincidence that the big three were all already friends. They pushed each other to grow in their skills and surpass everyone else.

The reason why they haven’t been more present in pez is actually the same reason why I didn’t have them open a hero agency together: they all need to grow separately from the others for a bit.

Like. Here’s Mirio, with two very skilled and experienced heroes at his side, waiting for Izuku to graduate so he can start his agency. Why not go into business with the friends he’s already been fighting with for years?

I see the Big Three as people who all, for one reason or another, decided that they needed to learn how to be strong on their own at the start of their career.

Take Tamaki. He’s childhood friends with Mirio. He was briefly referenced in one of the tumblr posts as one of Mirio’s staunchest advocates after he lost his Quirk. So why isn’t he heroes with Mirio?

Well, he sort of is. He’s got a mutual support agreement with him.

Time to derail into my favorite topic: the economic models underpinning fictional societies. As you can probably guess I’m great at parties.

Mutual support agreements are contractual devices that I came up with in response to the convoluted economic structure of heroics compensation I discussed a few posts ago. In that post, I discussed independent/underground v. agency models with respect to public compensation and how I think that there’s an impossibly complicated matrix that grants heroes portions of the local budget based on their statistics. Briefly, I discussed how that calculation would cause conflict with big name heroes taking credit for their sidekicks’ work because agencies would necessarily need to be counted as one entity for the purposes of public funding.

What happens when multiple agencies are involved in the same incident?

As a reminder, the reason why they need to assign credit for a bust to one individual is because agencies are funded as a whole. This is a grant system that’s meant to be more than just about paying a salary—the government is providing funds meant to go towards an office space, supplies, everything. You could not give everyone in an agency public funding separate checks under that model. Public funding is made out to the agency as a whole and it’s up to the agency as to how to use it. But if you have six people from the same agency who all register the exact same take down because they all participated—well now you’ve got the one job reported six times over for the same filing entity. That’s going to horrifically skew the funding calculation. The government’s paying for the same bust six times over and you just incentivized hero agencies to send their people all to do the same job because it pays the same to have six guys stop one criminal as it does to have six guys stop six different criminals separately.

But hey—sometimes it’s a six guy job. That would more appropriately be considered an enhancement to a job’s relative difficulty than it would be to giving credit for a takedown. After all, the same job could require “six guys” or “one All Might.” If you focus on the number of heroes an agency uses in a job than you do on how difficult that job actually is, then you’re inadvertently penalizing better heroes because Mid Tier Agency needed six guys to handle what you did on your own, but since they needed six whole guys they get paid more for the same thing that you could do solo.

But the reason for this one man credit structure is because you’re getting one check for the government per agency. But what about when heroes from different agencies team up? Big Hero is not sharing a government funding check with Even Bigger Hero, and there’s absolutely no way that every single team up is just fucking pro bono for everyone but one guy. That’d make it impossible. So the same job would have to get counted multiple times when it involved different heroic entities.

The fact that you were teamed up instead of solo would go into the relative value calculation of each independent job. You get the full pot if you’re solo, but if you’re sharing the load, you’re sharing the credit. But at the same time, how much credit you get would also have to be determined on a case by case basis. Like. A hero that evacuated three civilians contributed to a fight, but they in no way should get equal credit and compensation to All Might, who fought the entire villain team solo.

So say Big Hero Agency and Bigger Hero Agency are doing a team up for the good of Japan. Big Hero Agency initiated the investigation, did most of the legwork, and invited Bigger Hero Agency onto the job. However, when it came to actually fighting, Bigger Hero Agency absolutely carried the day. Big Hero Agency would have been dust if Bigger Hero Agency hadn’t been there.

Who deserves more credit and compensation?

There is probably some kind of governmental dispute/appeal board to settle disputes about compensation, but like. As someone who does government work. The government’s absolute favorite thing to say is “we are not babysitting you, fucking figure it out like big boys.” They’ll have a way to resolve disputes, but they will also heavily incentivize voluntary agreement amongst the parties.

Planned team ups probably have legal working shit out ahead of time. Spontaneous team ups or heroes stealing each other’s fights a la Mount Lady and Kamui Woods in the pilot are probably the biggest headaches.

But what about heroes that are always teaming up? They’re your go to. Your homeboy. The daredevil to your Spider-Man. You don’t file your paperwork together, but you’re still always fighting side by side. Are you renegotiating who gets credit for what in every single little fight?

Fuck no. That’s a huge pain in the ass. Enter the mutual support agreement. It’s a contract that has a bunch of clauses meant to help streamline deciding who gets credit for what and resolve disputes before they happen.

You wouldn’t just want this for compensation purposes. Say Big Hero commits the hero equivalent of police brutality. Now he’s being sued. He’s apparently not that big of a hero as the name implies, because he’s got no fucking money. You want more money for your client, so you need a deeper pocket to pull from. At the time of the incident, he was working with Bigger Hero Agency. They’re not the same agency, but it was Bigger Heroes bust, and they work together all the time. Big Hero is basically one of Bigger Heroes employees hidden behind a different corporate structure. Should Bigger Hero be liable for Big Hero?

That’s a big fucking court case that can be headed off at the pass by the fact that Bigger Hero put indemnification and liability clauses in its mutual support agreement. There’s a lot of issues that would arise from the practice of heroics that you’d want to govern ahead of time with a contract. So you sign a mutual support agreement.

But the silly little fake tumblr post also said they weren’t popular and mostly agencies like Idaten used them. So why is that?

Frankly, because it’s not very worth agencies while to team up with other agencies on the regular. The system doesn’t incentivize it.

If you have all of your own sidekicks on a job, you can steal credit from them. The same is not true for heroes from other agencies. You get more public funding if you staff a job with all people from your agency instead of having part of the credit go to other agencies. And you get to stand in front of the cameras and say “Big Hero Has Saved The City Again” instead of having to say “Thank You To Our Dear Friends From Bigger Hero Agency Who Carried This Team.”

Idaten is the exception because, well. It doesn’t care. Idaten’s priority is cultivating the necessary talent and teamwork needed to get the job done. It doesn’t care if it has to go outside of the agency for that. Fuck, Tensei’s canonically willing to reach out to vigilantes. Its genuine focus is saving people, so it goes against the grain of what the system incentivizes.

Mirio and Tamaki have a mutual support agreement. They’re out working together so much that Fat Gum’s agency approved an overall disliked mechanism to facilitate their team ups. They are heroes together—so why aren’t they in an agency together?

I think Tamaki wanted to spend his first year in heroics forcing himself out of his comfort zone so he’d improve. Fat Gum will force him in front of the cameras. He’s focusing on learning how to communicate effectively with the public and with the media, and Fat Gum has the sort of resources and infrastructure where Tamaki can devote the time to learning that and improving. If he was in an agency with Mirio, he’d use Mirio as a crutch to hide from something he genuinely wants to improve in. Fat Gum forces him to grow.

Mirio himself sort of had to go independent. For one, he and Izuku decided to start their agency not too long after Mirio got his license. It was before Mirio debuted. Izuku had just finished his first year. No one knew who either of them were, and they had no clue just how famous they’d both become before Izuku graduated.

They both figured they’d be a couple of nobody heroes with a dinky little agency right out the gate of Izuku’s graduation and were sort of genuinely excited at the prospect. They’d just be heroes together, which is all they wanted. They’d figured no one would give a shit about them until well after they started their agency and started working and that Izuku would have 0 offers to work elsewhere because he wasn’t even going to apply to agencies. So Mirio decided he’d stay independent until Izuku graduated so he wouldn’t be tied up in an agency contracts and they could just start fresh.

The other reason is that most agencies wouldn’t touch Mirio with a ten foot pole because he was Quirkless, and even with the ones that would, he suspected they’d sideline or coddle him because he was Quirkless. Being independent meant he could do whatever the hell he pleased. So he bought the Mirio Mom Van and, for a brief, glorious moment, convinced All Might to supervise their bullshit so he could start going on jobs with Izuku (students have to be supervised by heroes with a teaching license, which he wouldn’t be eligible for for the first three years of his career, except in exigent circumstances. He couldn’t have Izuku as an intern himself but All Might sure could). For a few beautiful weeks it was just Mirio, Izuku, and fucking All Might in the Mirio Mom Van going on stakeouts, all wearing the world’s stupidest mustaches. The UA internship program revoked permission for this arrangement not long after it started formally out of concerns for the legality of this arrangement since All Might was no longer an active duty hero, informally because All Might, Izuku, and Mirio is the stupidest and most reckless combination fucking imaginable and they are killing Aizawa from the stress they are killing him. So now Mirio works alone while he waits for Izuku to be fully licensed.

Nejire I kind of see as someone who moved away from her hometown right out of the gate of graduation but visited home very frequently, which is why she moved to Kyoto after graduation but was having a fucking sleepover at Mirio’s place when Yokohama happened. She takes the bullet train back at least once a month and spends the weekend bumming on Mirio or Tamaki’s couch. I think she wanted to see who she was away from home and there’d never be a better time to do it. I also think she’ll move back so that way she can work more fully with Her Boys one day, but wanted to push herself out of the familiar first.

All of the trio’s reasons for not working together quite yet are mutable, to be clear. Tamaki just wanted the experience early in his career or he knew he’d never learn the public relation skills he wanted to get. Nejire also just wanted the experience somewhere else before she put down real roots somewhere and is liable to move back to be with her friends and family. And Mirio’s on the verge of opening his own agency, so he doesn’t have to worry about getting sidelined by his boss anymore or getting tied up in a bad contract.

[wynandcore]

Okay I wanna show my favorite piece of Uprising concept art, it’s been in the back of my mind ever since I saw it

Look at that.

[lonestarflight]

Mobile Service Structure moved from its parksite to LC-39B and mate to Skylab II (SA-206).

Date: November 16, 1972

NASA ID: KSC-73PC-0019

[caesarsaladinn]

I finally visited the barn at which I'll actually be employed (the second location of the one I currently help out at) and it's very nice. both the barn itself and the land it sits on... 300 acres of vineyards and trails and I get to ride on them for free, whenever I want >:)

[theborzoiarebackintown]

This is Swift! He’s going to be heading out to Oregon in a few months to show the west coast what’s what!!!!

[ava-dreel-thinks]

Thinking about that poll that was like “were you a gifted kid?” And specified like, AP classes and stuff. But in my school system, the GT (gifted/talented) program was SPECIFICALLY for neurodivergent kids who didn’t need accommodations in the traditional special Ed way (up to a certain point), but in a more stimulation way or for teaching in a less traditional way. Most of the GT kids were on the spectrum (me!), had ADHD, were bipolar, one had Tourette’s, it was honestly a big mixed bag but we all had some kind of something going on. Our school was very big on saying you are NOT smarter than, more special than, more talented than, etc etc the other kids. You are in a SPECIAL EDUCATION CLASS because you need DIFFERENT TEACHING STYLES to learn at an appropriate pace. So our methods were more creative or else we wouldn’t be engaged with the work, our classes were smaller to give more individualized attention, our tests were formatted differently to accommodate different things, etc. like. It was all there to accommodate kids who were neurodivergent. So seeing a post like, specifying AP classes, which to me are understood as college level courses for anyone smart/hard working enough to take, not just GT kids was so bizarre because like. Anyone can take those?

Anyway tumblrinas who were in gifted programs were you in it because you were smart or because you were neurodivergent? (Or both!) did your school make a distinction? Were you raised with a superiority complex (I’ve heard this is common) or told you were in special ed? Did you have to take a test or be recommended for the program? I’m so curious!

[orb-the-watchman]

this is REALLY wonky but this has been stuck in my brain for weeks and I had to get it out

[xenomorphicdna]

Map boi is back with more map

This time it's the ★exterior★

It's not as nice looking as the interior, (which you can find → here btw) but i think it's bigger as a region.

I will be making at least one more, and it will be of Two Birds' can because it's got lots of rot bits and that sounds like fun to design.

Pearl dialogue and some rambles below the cut↓

I know I said dialogue but fr look at this

THE DIFFERENCE in canvas size here

Pearl dialogue for both of the two regions

Bright Pink pearl dialogue when read by Veil Of Dreams:" What is it Mouse? Oh a pearl, alright I'll have a look. Ah this one is one of mine, it contains various notes regarding Four Blue Flames when he was still being constructed. It was actually a personal request of mine to have him built, his technology is better than mine in practically every way and he makes for a great research partner. I admire his work ethic, but I do wish he took breaks. After our creators' Ascension he's only become more wrapped up in the Great Problem, I worry for him. ... There is nothing more on this pearl that would interest you, you can have it back, I do not need it."

Bright Pink pearl dialogue when read by Four Blue Flames: "Hello Mouse, a pearl? Let's have a look. Hm, where did you find this? It's encrypted so I cannot read it to you, but I can guess that it was written by one of us. Unfortunately, I am of no use to you, but if you like pink then the pearl would make for a great decoration. Or alternatively, you can trade it to the scavengers. Of course, they will ruin the pearl like they do with the rest but if you are in need of explosives the scavengers excel in their creation. Now if you do not mind, allow me to get on with my work."

Deep Red pearl dialogue when read by Veil Of Dreams: "Rodent, you've got a pearl, allow me to read it for you. Oh, this one holds digital copies of several pieces of literature, I was missing many of these from my memory banks. I have them saved now, but I do not like the implications of this. Please Mouse, take the pearl and bring it to the library in the Capital."

Deep Red pearl dialogue when read by Four Blue Flames: "Oh a pearl, let's see what it says. This one is filled with all sorts of religious literature, it's rather old, from the Green hegemonic linguistic dynasty. It contains texts for meditation and prayers and various forms of religious guidance. I actually did not have this archived, so I appreciate your fondness of treasure hunting, you are a great help. I think this one would fit nicely in the Capital's library, please, bring it to Veil Of Dreams and he will guide you from there."

[webthreecorp]

Mastering Linked Lists: Beginner's Guide

Hey Tumblr friends 👋

After learning about Arrays, it's time to level up! Today we’re diving into Linked Lists — another fundamental building block of coding! 🧱✨

So... What is a Linked List? 🤔

Imagine a treasure hunt 🗺️:

You find a clue ➡️ it points you to the next clue ➡️ and so on.

That's how a Linked List works!

🔗 Each element (Node) holds data and a pointer to the next Node.

It looks something like this: [data | next] -> [data | next] -> [data | next] -> NULL

Why Use a Linked List? 🌈

✅ Dynamic size (no need to pre-define size like arrays!) ✅ Easy insertions and deletions ✨ ✅ Great for building stacks, queues, and graphs later!

❌ Slower to access elements (you can't jump straight to an item like arrays).

Basic Structure of a Linked List Node 🛠️

data -> stores the actual value

next -> points to the next node

📚 CRUD Operations on Linked Lists

Let’s build simple CRUD functions for a singly linked list in C++! (🚀 CRUD = Create, Read, Update, Delete)

Create (Insert Nodes)

Read (Display the list)

Update (Change a Node’s Value)

Delete (Remove a Node)

🌟 Final Thoughts

🔗 Linked Lists may look tricky at first, but once you master them, you’ll be ready to understand more powerful structures like Stacks, Queues, and even Graphs! 🚀

🌱 Mini Challenge:

Build your own linked list of your favorite songs 🎶

Practice inserting, updating, and deleting songs!

If you loved this explainer, give a follow and let's keep leveling up together! 💬✨ Happy coding, coder fam! 💻🌈 For more resources and help join our discord server

[granulesofsand]

Apparently you can't be successfully programmed unless it started in infancy and lasted 8-10 years and your parents were involved?

🗝️🏷️ RAMCOA programming

I don’t find that to be true, but some perps (and survivors) have a set definition of what it means for programming to be successful. Our group programmed through to 13 starting in utero, but didn’t consider programming ‘failed’ until the system was unsalvageable or dead. They would start later if they got a kid later, and the kids I saw were either generationally involved or didn’t have parents (or both). If you(&) had a different experience, that���s plausible and valid. Different perps are trying to get different results, so ‘success’ depends on the people involved.