#Acetylcholine

[biologist4ever]

How Exocytosis Works from Cell A to Cell B

When a nerve signal reaches Cell A, calcium (Ca²⁺) enters, causing vesicles with neurotransmitters to move. The vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft (the gap between cells). These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on Cell B, passing the signal along. After releasing the neurotransmitters, Cell A recycles the vesicles for future use. This process helps neurons communicate quickly and efficiently.

[humancelltournament]

Human Cell Tournament Round 2

Propaganda!

A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction—in other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles.

[lenaisagirl]

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

TSRNOSS, p 748.

[thelattechronicles]

"The Beauty Molecule" by Dr. Nicholas Perricone

Disclaimer: this is an unsponsored review of an eARC provided by NetGalley.

If you walked into a Sephora, or you’ve Googled some time in the last two decades for ways to become healthier or improve your skin, it’s probably safe to say that you have heard of Nicholas Perricone, also known as Dr. Perricone M.D.

Yes, it’s the same scientist who has devoted his life to studying optimal health and longevity, and the one-and-the-same with the skincare line (Perricone M.D. Skincare, for those of you wondering). Nicholas Perricone, M.D., has already penned several books back in the early 2000s which include (but are not limited to) "The Perricone Prescription" and "The Wrinkle Cure." With his new book slated for release in 2025, Perricone reveals in "The Beauty Molecule" the extensive length and research he has personally taken to discover new ways to become healthier.

Perricone shares with us his findings in “The Beauty Molecule” and the significance and impact of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh) or fondly dubbed the beauty molecule. In a nutshell, the more you have of this beauty molecule in your body, the better your body is able to repair your central nervous system (all things memory and cognition), as well as your parasympathetic nervous system. Both are key in your overall physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing.

All of the major points of the book ultimately boil down to one key idea: to achieve optimal health (whether that’s fantastic skin, lean muscle, improved strength, better immune system, etc.), you must ensure that inflammation in the body is treated from the inside out.

According to Perricone, inflammation is what ultimately causes signs of aging, the breakdown of muscle and overall flexibility, as well as your mental and cognitive health. For the science-illiterate readers like me out there, Perricone explains very clearly and easily in “The Beauty Molecule” what steps you can take to achieve certain changes in your body and health. Perricone not only makes specific recommendations for particular supplements and exercise movements, but explains what each of them do and what benefit they bring to you.

I am not an annotator, but my copy of this book has been digitally earmarked all over the place, and there are notably three different sections in the book that they’re particularly clustered. One is on the the importance of circadian rhythms and the everyday choices we make that hinder our circadian rhythm. The second is the detailed list of supplements he recommends, where I noted particular ones that I can incorporate as a ‘beginner’ without breaking the bank. The third are dietary recommendations and specific recommended sources of nutrition. As a reader who has tested out some (not all!) of Perricone’s suggested lifestyle and dietary changes- purely in the name of better sleep (i.e. no screens at least one hour before bed, decreased caffeine intake, more conscious movement)- I have seen a marked improvement in my sleep, particularly in the amounts of REM and deep/core sleep as recorded on my Apple Watch. This is an improvement I observed only with a few minor changes made that were very easy to do without thinking too much about it.

Above all, I appreciate Dr. Perricone’s “The Beauty Molecule” for its frank and information-benefits-all approach. Health is wealth, and should be shared as such!! I would recommend this for any health and skincare/beauty aficionados. It's also a great place to start if you're looking for a simple list of changes you can make in your life, or even a shopping list.

★★★★

J

[mremusings]

The Cognitive Commanders - Neurochemicals and Brain Functions

"The Cognitive Commanders - Neurochemicals and Brain Functions" explores the pivotal role of neurochemicals in cognitive processes. It delves into the functions of key neurotransmitters.

 “The Cognitive Commanders – Neurochemicals and Brain Functions” Welcome aboard our intellectual exploration in “The Cognitive Commanders – Neurochemicals and Brain Functions”. This journey delves into the fascinating realm of neurochemicals that serve as the architects and engineers of our cognitive processes. It’s like unlocking the secrets of a high-tech control room where learning, memory,…

[whats-in-a-sentence]

When Lubbock's measurement showed no optical activity, it was clear that the muscarine (figure 17.29) was a racemic mixture and therefore of synthetic origin.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[biologist4ever]

How Neurons Communicate: Signal Transmission at the Synapse

When a nerve signal reaches the end of a neuron, it cannot jump to the next cell directly. Instead, it triggers the opening of calcium channels, causing neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters cross the gap and bind to receptors on the next neuron, either activating or blocking a new signal.

[humancelltournament]

Propaganda!

Basophils are a type of white blood cell. They are responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response, as well as in the formation of acute and chronic allergic diseases, including anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and hay fever. They also produce compounds that coordinate immune responses, including histamine and serotonin that induce inflammation, and Heparin that prevents blood clotting.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction—in other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles.

[blinkaholik1]

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[ao3feeddestiel]

Acetylcholine

read it on AO3 at https://ift.tt/jNkdEiQ by spirithorse Castiel had felt this before, tucked away where Dean couldn't see him as per their earliest agreements. Back then it hadn't mattered at all, just a very human thing that could be ignored. But to be included and have it focused on him was something else entirely. It was an entirely different kind of hunger, and he understood why angels could fall for something so sweet. Words: 15953, Chapters: 1/1, Language: English Series: Part 10 of Endosymbiosis Fandoms: Supernatural (TV 2005) Rating: Explicit Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply Categories: M/M Characters: Dean Winchester, Castiel (Supernatural) Relationships: Castiel/Dean Winchester Additional Tags: Alternate Universe - Canon Divergence, Castiel Possessing Dean Winchester, Past Dean Winchester/Other(s), Bisexual Dean Winchester, Sharing a Body, Wing Kink, Castiel's True Form (Supernatural), Angelic Grace Sex (Supernatural), Episode: s08e05 Blood Brother (Supernatural), Episode: s08e07 A Little Slice of Kevin (Supernatural), Episode: s08e11 LARP and the Real Girl (Supernatural) read it on AO3 at https://ift.tt/jNkdEiQ

[phonemantra-blog]

NAMZARIC: Unlocking the Potential of Combination Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. The impact of AD extends beyond the individuals diagnosed, affecting their families and society as a whole. [caption id="attachment_60185" align="aligncenter" width="741"] NAMZARIC[/caption] One promising approach in the field of Alzheimer's research is combination therapy, which involves using multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action to target various aspects of the disease. NAMZARIC is a leading combination therapy that offers new hope for managing AD. NAMZARIC is a unique combination of two active ingredients, memantine and donepezil. Memantine works by regulating glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory, while donepezil inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, another neurotransmitter essential for cognitive function. By combining the benefits of memantine and donepezil, NAMZARIC provides a comprehensive treatment approach that addresses both the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. This article explores the potential of NAMZARIC in improving the quality of life for AD patients and their caregivers. Understanding Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease is a complex condition with multiple underlying causes, including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. These abnormal protein deposits disrupt communication between brain cells, leading to cognitive impairment and memory loss. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms of AD can vary from mild to severe, affecting daily functioning, independence, and overall quality of life. Current treatment options for AD focus on managing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the disease, but they have limitations. Combination therapy offers a promising approach by targeting multiple aspects of the disease simultaneously. By utilizing different mechanisms of action, combination therapy can potentially enhance treatment outcomes and provide more comprehensive symptom management. Introducing NAMZARIC NAMZARIC is a combination therapy specifically designed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It combines two active ingredients, memantine, and donepezil, to provide a synergistic effect in managing the symptoms of AD. Memantine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that helps regulate the activity of glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. By modulating glutamate, memantine helps improve cognitive function and reduce the progression of cognitive decline in AD patients. Donepezil, on the other hand, is a cholinesterase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for cognitive processes such as attention, learning, and memory. By increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, donepezil helps improve cognitive function and delay the decline in memory and thinking skills. When combined, memantine and donepezil work synergistically to provide comprehensive treatment for AD. Memantine targets the glutamate pathway, while donepezil focuses on the acetylcholine pathway, resulting in improved cognitive function and overall patient outcomes. Efficacy and Clinical Studies Several clinical trials and studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NAMZARIC in treating Alzheimer's disease. These studies have shown significant improvements in cognitive function, memory, and daily living activities in patients receiving NAMZARIC compared to those on placebo or monotherapy. For example, a randomized controlled trial involving AD patients showed that NAMZARIC led to statistically significant improvements in cognitive function, as measured by standardized tests such as the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Additionally, patients treated with NAMZARIC exhibited better performance in activities of daily living, such as managing finances and completing household tasks. Long-term studies have also demonstrated the sustained benefits of NAMZARIC. In a 52-week study, patients receiving NAMZARIC showed continued improvements in cognitive function and daily living activities compared to those receiving placebo or monotherapy. These findings highlight the long-term efficacy of NAMZARIC in managing the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, NAMZARIC has shown a favorable safety profile in clinical trials. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache, but these are generally mild and transient. Serious adverse events are rare, and the benefits of NAMZARIC outweigh the potential risks for most patients. Comparing NAMZARIC to other AD treatments, it offers distinct advantages. While monotherapy with memantine or donepezil can provide some benefits, the combination of both drugs in NAMZARIC offers a more comprehensive approach to symptom management. By targeting multiple pathways involved in the disease, NAMZARIC has the potential to provide greater cognitive improvement and slow down the progression of AD compared to monotherapy alone. NAMZARIC: Enhancing Quality of Life In addition to improving cognitive function, NAMZARIC has a positive impact on the overall quality of life for AD patients and their caregivers. The combination therapy not only addresses cognitive symptoms but also targets behavioral and psychological aspects of the disease. Patients taking NAMZARIC have reported improvements in daily functioning, independence, and social interactions. They experience enhanced clarity of thought, improved memory, and better ability to engage in activities they enjoy. These improvements contribute to a higher quality of life, allowing patients to maintain their autonomy and participate in meaningful activities. Caregivers also benefit from NAMZARIC's effects. The reduction in behavioral symptoms, such as agitation and aggression, can alleviate the burden on caregivers and improve their overall well-being. With NAMZARIC, caregivers can experience a more manageable caregiving journey and maintain a better quality of life for themselves. FAQ's What is the recommended dosage of NAMZARIC? The recommended starting dose of NAMZARIC is 7 mg/10 mg (memantine/donepezil) once daily, taken at bedtime. The dosage can be increased gradually based on the patient's tolerance and response, as guided by their healthcare provider. Are there any potential side effects of NAMZARIC? Common side effects of NAMZARIC include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. These side effects are generally mild and transient. It is important to discuss any concerns or side effects with a healthcare provider. Can NAMZARIC be used in combination with other AD medications? NAMZARIC should not be used in combination with other cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine-containing products. It is essential to inform the healthcare provider about all medications being taken to avoid potential drug interactions. How long does it take to see the effects of NAMZARIC? The effects of NAMZARIC may vary among individuals. Some patients may experience improvements in cognitive function and daily living activities within a few weeks, while others may require more time. It is important to continue taking NAMZARIC as prescribed and consult with a healthcare provider for any concerns. Is NAMZARIC suitable for all stages of Alzheimer's disease? NAMZARIC is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It may not be appropriate for individuals in the early stages of the disease. A healthcare provider can assess the stage of Alzheimer's and determine the most suitable treatment option. Can NAMZARIC slow down the progression of AD? NAMZARIC has been shown to slow down the progression of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. While it cannot cure or reverse the disease, it can help manage symptoms and potentially delay the worsening of cognitive function. Is NAMZARIC covered by insurance? The coverage of NAMZARIC by insurance may vary depending on the specific insurance plan. It is advisable to check with the insurance provider or consult a healthcare provider to determine the coverage and potential financial assistance options. What should I do if I miss a dose of NAMZARIC? If a dose of NAMZARIC is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if it is close to the time for the next scheduled dose, the missed dose should be skipped. It is important not to take a double dose to make up for the missed one. Following the prescribed dosing schedule is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. Are there any dietary restrictions while taking NAMZARIC? There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with taking NAMZARIC. However, it is always advisable to follow a balanced and healthy diet to support overall brain health and well-being. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian for personalized dietary recommendations. Can NAMZARIC be used in patients with other medical conditions? Before starting NAMZARIC, it is important to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions and medications being taken. This includes conditions such as heart problems, liver or kidney disease, seizures, and urinary problems. The healthcare provider will assess the individual's medical history and determine the suitability of NAMZARIC as a treatment option. Conclusion: NAMZARIC, a combination therapy consisting of memantine and donepezil, holds great promise in the management of Alzheimer's disease. By targeting multiple aspects of the disease, NAMZARIC offers a comprehensive approach to symptom management and improved quality of life for AD patients and their caregivers. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of NAMZARIC, showcasing its ability to improve cognitive function, memory, and daily living activities. The combination therapy offers distinct advantages over monotherapy, providing a synergistic effect and potentially slowing down the progression of the disease. Individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers are encouraged to explore NAMZARIC as a potential treatment option. With its ability to address both cognitive and behavioral symptoms, NAMZARIC has the potential to enhance the overall well-being and independence of AD patients, offering new hope in the fight against this devastating disease.

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Science Notebooks of S. Sunkavally, p 697.

[biomedanimalcare]

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