#Norepinephrine

[arkhams-intern]

Dr. Crane:

Me:

Dr. Crane:

Me:

Dr. Crane: ???

Me: How the fuck did you make a gas cause people to go into PSH

[snailscientificsuppositions]

ADHD — The Rundown

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by executive dysfunction and emotional dysregulation.

Executive dysfunction: impaired cognitive control over goal-oriented behavior. It often presents as difficulty defining goals, initiating tasks, suppressing impulses, regulating attention, using working memory, and multitasking.

Emotional dysregulation: difficulty managing emotions, resulting in intense or sustained emotional reactions

Impacts

ADHD has effects on personal, social, academic, and professional life. Problems with impulse control can lead to addiction and social conflicts, and executive dysfunction as a whole causes problems maintaining schoolwork and professional obligations.

Over ¼ of people living in detention centers meet criteria for ADHD, while ADHD is only present in around 4% of adults in the general population.

ADHD is also associated with a lower life expectancy (by about 13 years).

Around 40% of Americans with ADHD were smokers in 2008 as compared to 20% of the general population in 2009, which is comparable to other psychiatric disorders.

ADHD is also associated with a greater risk for suicidal ideation, behavior, and attempts. Roughly ¼ of suicidal children under 12 have ADHD, and ADHD adolescents are more likely to also have issues with anxiety, major depressive episodes, chronic depression (dysthemia), and addiction. On it's own, ADHD is associated with 1.5× the amount of suicidal ideation in the general population, while ADHD alongside comorbid conditions has 4–12× the amount.

Causes

ADHD is associated with various structural differences in the brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC is responsible for executive functioning, and it is very sensitive to neurochemical imbalances. ADHD is strongly believed to result from lowered dopamine and norepinephrine activity, weakening the PFC and resulting in executive dysfunction. Some studies have also shown that children with ADHD have reduced grey matter in the prefrontal cortex, although I was not able to access this book due to the paywall.

Treatment

The most common and effective treatments for ADHD are stimulant medications, of which there are many types. Some of the most common options involve methylphenidate (branded as Ritalin or Concerta), and amphetamines (used in Adderall, Mydayis, Dexedrine, and Vyvanse).

Methylphenidate acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), meaning it slows the reabsorption of those neurochemicals. Amphetamines work by increasing catecholamine activity. Catecholamines are a group of neurotransmitters often associated with the fight or flight response, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline. Catecholamines are associated not only with anxiety, restlessness, and fear, but also with focus, awareness, wakefulness, and reflexes, as well as a variety of physical effects.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

It turns out that the common soil bacterium M. vaccae acts like an antidepressant, boosting the levels of happy hormones, serotonin and norepinephrine, in humans and mammals. It also reduces stress.

"Soil: The incredible story of what keeps the earth, and us, healthy" - Matthew Evans

[er-cryptid]

[teachersource]

Julius Axelrod was born on May 30, 1912. An American biochemist, he won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler, for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters, a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and, as was later discovered, dopamine. This laid the groundwork for the antidepressants we have today. Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle.

[antiopesayingthings]

This tracks.

[infinitemonkeytheory]

People with ADHD have lower levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex. This leads to difficulty in sustaining cognitive functions such as attention, impulse control and motivation.

Studies show that people with ADHD have more dopamine transporters in the brain. Think of transporters as vacuums that suck dopamine back up into the neuron, making it less available. 

As a result, there is less activation by dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and the mesolimbic pathway, the area that processes rewards and motivation. Less dopamine can drive people to seek out stimulating rewards such as technology, food or drugs.

[mremusings]

The Cognitive Commanders - Neurochemicals and Brain Functions

"The Cognitive Commanders - Neurochemicals and Brain Functions" explores the pivotal role of neurochemicals in cognitive processes. It delves into the functions of key neurotransmitters.

 “The Cognitive Commanders – Neurochemicals and Brain Functions” Welcome aboard our intellectual exploration in “The Cognitive Commanders – Neurochemicals and Brain Functions”. This journey delves into the fascinating realm of neurochemicals that serve as the architects and engineers of our cognitive processes. It’s like unlocking the secrets of a high-tech control room where learning, memory,…

[harmeet-saggi]

How Can Fitness Boost Mental Health?

Exercise has a profound effect on our brain function and mental health. Regular aerobic exercise can boost mood, improve thinking skills, and protect the brain against age-related decline. Exercise releases endorphins, which are hormones that have mood-boosting effects. The feel-good effects of endorphins are so strong that they can actually block pain signals from the brain. Exercise also increases levels of norepinephrine, which is a hormone that helps to control stress.

[havingadreamof]

TLC

Sadness– wondering whether sharing hugs with you would be as effective as the medication I'm going to go refill today.

I know this sounds trivial while in truth it's one of the crucial questions for humankind. Not about me specifically, about hugs. No, have to correct that: about belonging, about connection, about building a healthy self in relationship with close ones.

[health78694]

Can being Constantly Unhappy Be a sign of Depression?

Title: Consistent Despondency as an Expected Indication of Discouragement

Presentation

Despondency is a complex emotional wellness condition that influences a large number of individuals around the world. While misery is a characteristic piece of the human experience, a determined and inescapable feeling of despondency might possibly be demonstrative of sadness. This exposition expects to investigate the connection between consistent despondency and melancholy, digging into the side effects, causes, and potential intercessions related to this crippling psychological well-being problem.

I. Figuring out Misery:

Discouragement is a state of mind problem described by constant sensations of misery, vacancy, and a deficiency of interest or joy in everyday exercises. It influences an individual's considerations, sentiments, conduct, and general prosperity. While it is typical to encounter transitory sensations of misery in light of life-altering situations, the key qualification lies in the ongoing and unavoidable nature of despondency in people with melancholy.

II. Perceiving the Side effects

Consistent misery is only one of the numerous side effects that can appear in people with melancholy. Other normal signs incorporate diligent sensations of uselessness, sadness, and responsibility, as well as changes in hunger, rest examples, and energy levels. People with wretchedness may likewise encounter trouble concentrating, deciding, and taking part in exercises they once appreciated. These side effects on the whole add to a reduced personal satisfaction and a disabled capacity to work in day-to-day existence.

Read More:

[fourleggedguru]

5 Ways to Stay Mentally Strong During Uncertain Times

Everyone goes through times of uncertainty, and during those times, it’s essential to take care of your mental health. It’s easier said than done, of course, and feeling overwhelmed and anxious is a natural response. But there are strategies you can use to stay mentally strong during difficult times. If you’re among those feeling the […]

[kamalinsights]

Global Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Market Analysis and Forecast by 2027

The global Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) market research report is a well synchronized synopsis highlighting some of the most significant, real time research analysis that enable quick and efficient business discretion. The report is a quick reference point to make comply with reader understanding of the volatile market situations that collectively steer enormous growth opportunities in the global Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) market.

[chaobacsi]

Epinephrine là gì? Định nghĩ về tác dụng của nó

Epinephrine là gì? Định nghĩ về tác dụng của nó

Bất kỳ ai bị dị ứng nghiêm trọng hãy mang theo ống tiêm tự động epinephrine. Hormone cần thiết để duy trì một hệ thống tim mạch khỏe mạnh – nó làm cho tim đập mạnh hơn và chuyển máu đến các mô trong thời gian căng thẳng. (more…)