#Adenosine

[faofinn]

Day 20 - Breakdown

Part 1 | Part 2

@mediwhumpmay

Steve finally appeared in the basement, frowning at the sight. “Finn? What’s going on?”

The drugs had given Fao a split second of relief before the pounding of his heart was back. He whimpered, feeling again on the verge passing out, darkness tinging his vision. 

"I can't do this. He needs cardioverting. You're gonna have to do it."

“Hang on, slow down. Talk me through what’s going on.” He said, moving to check the monitoring. 

"Just look at it." Finn grumbled. "I've sedated a bit, given some pain relief, but you need to do it."

“Have you given adenosine?” Steve asked, keen to coach Finn through it rather than just completely take over.

"I've only done dc cardioversion before. There's so many risks with adenosine…" He looked to Steve, so overwhelmed.

“Okay, but it’s risk management, yeah?”

"It's Fao, Steve. I can't do this."

“Of course you can.” Steve told him. 

"Steve, I can't."

“Yes you can. Come on, we’ll do it together.”

"Please."

“Take a moment, go and sort the drugs out.”

He gave a heavy breath. "Okay. Are…are we doing adenosine?"

“Yeah, we’re going to need to.”

"I can sort it."

“Thank you, Finn.”

"Is he gonna be okay?"

“Of course he is.” Steve busied himself doing his own checks whilst Finn sorted the meds. Fao was still struggling, in and out a little not just because of the sedation. It was hard to concentrate on anything, as much as he tried to listen to what they were saying. He couldn’t remember Steve arriving. Had he been there the whole time?

"I've got the adenosine."

“Perfect. Do you know what you’re doing with it?”

"Giving it to you." He tried.

“Or you could just give it.” 

"Steve."

“Come on, give it. You know what you’re doing, we don’t have time to waste.”

He did as he was told, his hands shaking and his own chest tight. Resentment only grew as Steve continued to push him, unable to separate work from family. 

“Good. Now we just have to watch and wait, keep an eye on that monitoring.” 

The sedation Finn gave had been enough to keep Fao hazy, but not completely out of it. As the drugs went in he whined, feeling the effect of it. It was awful, the overwhelming sense that he was going to die. It felt like he was dying too, as it suddenly became more difficult to breathe. 

"You're okay, you're okay." Finn moved to hold Fao's hand, stroking through his hair. "It won't take long."

He gripped Finn’s hand, panic in his eyes. It felt wrong.

"It's gonna make you feel shit for a bit. You're okay."

He wasn’t okay, he was the opposite of okay, and nobody was helping. He struggled against the blackness at the edge of his vision, terrified if he gave into it he wasn’t going to wake up again. 

Finn’s eyes didn't move from the monitors, watching the rhythms carefully. There was a pause, snd Finn’s own heart almost stopped. Sure enough though, it kicked back in, and straight back into the tachycardia.

Steve swore from the end of the bed. "Finn, we need another dose."

Once the feeling like he was going to die had passed, there was a moment where things eased for Fao and he felt like he could breathe. But nearly as soon as it had happened, it was gone, and he groaned, gripping Finn’s hand desperately. 

"We need to go elsewhere." Finn's voice wavered. "They can do more."

Steve shook his head. “We don’t have time, Finn, and we’ve done too much already.”

"Then you do something! It's not working!"

“Finn, breathe.”

"I'm trying but nothing is working and you're not helping!"

“We just have to follow the protocol, another dose and see how that goes.” Steve told him gently. “This is all they’d do in ED.”

[squeakynoises]

i space out so hard to this song bro

[mcatmemoranda]

Adenosine is given 0.1 mg/kg for peds pts who weigh less than 50 kg with SVT. If ther first dose of 0.1 mg/kg doesn't work, then you can give 0.2 mg/kg for the second dose.

For adults, it's 6 mg, then 12 mg. In the ED, I've seen adult pts just get 12 mg the first time.

Procainamide, amiodarone, or verapamil can be used to cardiovert peds pts who are still in SVT after failing the two doses of adenosine.

[nugothrhythms]

"Adenosine" by Italian-turned-British Southern gothic rock band Nomotion off of 2019 album Funeral Parade of Lover

[urayuli]

the madman held his head to the moon

his breath hot on its chin

palms pressed to its cheek

a heart pressed to a heart

[uncrossedrhyme]

Nicotine & Acetylcholine in Mood, Memory, Performance, & the Post-Viral Syndromes [PREVIEW]

The following is a preview of a Patreon-exclusive newsletter Click the icon below to support Become Something New for the cost of just one cup of coffee per month for access to this and upcoming Patreon-only content. ☕📖🧠💪 Patreon [THE FOLLOWING IS A PREVIEW OF A FULL 11-PAGE NEWSLETTER] Choline is a vitamin-like essential nutrient and methyl donor involved in a wide variety of bodily…

[totalphysiologycom]

Coronary Circulation |Human Physiology | Myocardial Ischemia| Infarction

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[whats-in-a-sentence]

The names of the nucleosides, which correspond to each of the bases, are compiled in table 25.1.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[mremusings]

The Cognitive Commanders - Neurochemicals and Brain Functions

"The Cognitive Commanders - Neurochemicals and Brain Functions" explores the pivotal role of neurochemicals in cognitive processes. It delves into the functions of key neurotransmitters.

 “The Cognitive Commanders – Neurochemicals and Brain Functions” Welcome aboard our intellectual exploration in “The Cognitive Commanders – Neurochemicals and Brain Functions”. This journey delves into the fascinating realm of neurochemicals that serve as the architects and engineers of our cognitive processes. It’s like unlocking the secrets of a high-tech control room where learning, memory,…

[nutrivibeinsights]

How to sleep well and how to stay awake longer when awake

Our capacity for concentration, alertness, and emotional stability is reset by sleep. Consequently, it is of utmost significance.

When we are awake, what we do affects how quickly we fall asleep, whether we stay asleep or not, and how we feel when we get up the next day. Therefore, obtaining a truly good night's sleep every night is crucial.

Our neurological system and body produce more adenosine the more time we spend being awake. It induces something like a sleep urge or a hunger. Adenosine keeps progressively increasing the longer we have been awake, which is why we feel drowsy.

Adenosine is similar to caffeine. Caffeine suppresses the receptor for sleepiness when it is consumed because it binds to the adenosine receptor. Adenosine will attach to that one receptor once the caffeine wears off, causing a crash and increased fatigue (tiredness).

While caffeine can be beneficial for some people, it can also pose health risks for others. Dopamine is a neuromodulator that caffeine enhances. Dopamine is related to the neuromodulator epinephrine, which is produced from dopamine, and it tends to make us feel pleasant, driven, and energetic.

Adenosine, which is produced naturally, is what causes sleepiness. Caffeine blocks the receptor that gives us energy and raises dopamine, preventing adenosine from having its effect of making us feel drowsy. We feel more hungry when adenosine levels are high, and we don't feel hungry when adenosine levels are low.

There is a second force, known as the circadian force, that controls when we are asleep and are awake. However, light has the most influence over when we desire to sleep and wake up.

A molecule called hormone is released from one organ in the body and travels to other parts of the body, including the neurological system, where it works on other organs.

Due to the presence of the hormone cortisol in the adrenal glands, we wake up in the morning. We feel awake because of a pulse of epinephrine (adrenaline) coming from our adrenal glands and our brain. It has a tendency to alert the body's entire system. This pulse should only happen throughout the day, not in the night.

The morning is when that cortisol pulse starts to increase in intensity. Additionally, a clock is set in our bodies and nervous systems that determines when a different hormone called melatonin, which make us feel sleepy, will be released from a specific region of the brain, the pineal gland, roughly 12 to 14 hours later. There are therefore two signals: a wakefulness signal that starts the timer for the second signal, sleepy signal, and two signals altogether.

Additionally, melatonin delays the start of puberty. Melatonin releases chronically in newborns, suppressing the other brain chemicals. We tend to exit puberty about the time that we start producing melatonin at night.

One thing to bear in mind is that melatonin only aids in sleep onset; it has no effect on sleep maintenance.

Cortisol and melatonin are constantly in rhythm with one another. When that cortisol will start to rise depends on a certain factor affecting our nerve system.

As soon as we open our eyes in the morning, light enters. We have retinal ganglion cells in our eyes, known as brain neurons, that detect a certain sort of light and interact with the superchiasmatic nucleus, a clock that is located directly over the roof of our mouth and that connects to basically every cell and organ in our body.

Our body's internal clock (neurons) reacts to the specific type and quantity of light that comes from sunlight.

There will be extremely wide-ranging and detrimental impacts on cardiovascular health, dementia, metabolic effects, learning, depression, and many other things if cortisol and melatonin do not function effectively as needed.

Many anxiety and depression problems could also be brought on by a late cortisol level increase.

We should go outside and spend some time in the sun to set the circadian clock so that there is plenty of blue and yellow light hitting the retina early in the day. Artificial blue lights will work best for setting this mechanism if there are heavier dark clouds. Additionally, as blue light suppresses melatonin throughout the day, we should wear blue light blocking eyewear at night.

Sunlight prevents the pineal gland from releasing melatonin. darkness allows the pineal to release melatonin. So, we should get up, go outside and get that sunlight for at least 5 to 10 minutes on a regular basis.

We don't need to see or perceive the sun for this mechanism to function; rather, it is a subconscious process by which certain neurons, known as melanopsinganglion cells, set our central clocks by becoming activated by a specific wavelength of light that is present in the atmosphere.

Therefore, it is essential to view light in the morning, ideally sunlight, in order to create good sleep-wake rhythms and enable us to sleep well at night.

The timing of food intake, timing of exercise, and numerous pharmaceuticals and substances that one might ingest are the other factors besides light, but the light is the sole direct input to the clock.

Another structure, the intergeniculate leaflet, is located a few millimeters distant in the brain and is important in controlling the clock output during that are known as non-photic, non-light type impacts, such as exercises, feeding, and other similar activities.

According to a study, watching sunlight around the time of sunset mitigates some of the negative effects of light by delaying the release of melatonin later that evening.

Our retina and those cells become more sensitive to light the longer we have been awake.

Between 11 pm and 4 am, roughly, light enters the eyes and decreases the release of dopamine, which can impede learning and have a variety of other negative effects.

Controlling our nighttime light exposure behavior and avoiding excessive or strong light exposure in the middle of the night is one method we can support our mechanisms for good mood, mental health, learning focus, metabolism, etc.

Since most of these cells are located in the bottom half of our retina, they are observing the area around us that is visible from above. Therefore, we ought to maintain the light source nearby, either on the ground or a desk. The optimum lighting will be low-level, dim lighting because it won't excite neurons, which would change the circadian rhythm. Candlelight, campfires, and fireplaces are acceptable, and the environment can also have low lighting.

The overall amount of time spent sleeping and the time when we feel drowsy are both advanced if we switch on the lights before waking up. We want to go to bed earlier every night because of that.

Many people take afternoon naps to rest their bodies, which can be beneficial to some people but detrimental to others.

Instead of taking a nap, we can practice yog nidra, which enables us to intentionally put our body and mind into a deep state of relaxation. Depending on the practice, we may or may not fall asleep. This is carried out for periods of 10 to 30 or even 60 minutes.

It includes pausing for 10 to 30 minutes while listening to a script, and it has to do with specific breathing patterns that can significantly aid people in learning to relax in order to go asleep. It's a method of self-training that enable us to get our nerve systems to shift from the state of heightened alertness to the condition of heightened relaxation that we desire.

Dopamine and other neuromodulators can reset themselves through yoga nidra and meditation, which enhances our sleep.

[drpedi07]

Adenosine Drug

Medical information for Adenosine on Pediatric Oncall including Mechanism, Indication, Contraindications, Dosing, Adverse Effect, Interaction, Renal Dose, Hepatic Dose.

[thereforepizza]

The time has come for me to exact revenge on the exhaustion of my poor, often mistreated adenosine receptors. The lumpy, neglected nerve cluster in my otherwise hollow skull hole shall be grateful. Now I will accept, with my deepest regards and humility, the seven hour nap.

In case that made no sense, here’s a scientific explanation of how the human body gets tired and how caffeine affects it:

[mcatmemoranda]

I just saw a pt get shocked for SVT. His HR was in the 180s and the attending ordered adenosine 12 mg. I remember learning that it’s 6 mg first. But the attending said there are new studies that show you should just give 12 mg. Anyway, he got 12 mg x2 and was still in the 180s. So he got 10 mg of etomidate for sedation and then got shocked (synchronized 125 joules). Then his HR was 105. It was so cool to see. I feel like I don’t get enough of that and I get nervous in the ED. ACLS is the bread and butter and I want to ensure I know how to do it safely. I should just practice going through ACLS algorithms on my own.

[thejackofalltrades42069]

More stuff about sleep.

Quick update about blog.

It’s been a bit complicated to find time and energy to write posts recently. It’s likely I’ll be writing less posts. I'll also be reviewing some older posts related to stuff I’m learning, and I’ll update and re-share those older posts. Also, just as an FYI, I’m writing all the posts myself, I’m not using any AI to write anything.

Intro.

Recently I listened to a 3-hour podcast about sleep, an interview with Matthew Walker (English scientist and professor of neuroscience and psychology) and learned some new stuff I thought I should share here.

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General info about sleep.

For a general description about what sleep is for humans:

We sleep in many 90-minute cycles that start over again at night. During the first part of the night these cycles involve a deeper sleep or "non-REM sleep", and as the night progresses, the cycles involve more "REM" sleep which is sleep where we dream a lot more.

Non-REM sleep and REM sleep are necessary to rest and to recover different parts of our body and our mind. This is perhaps the best reason why we should try to get at least about 7 hours of sleep at night, because if you don’t sleep enough, you probably are skipping a lot of REM sleep that helps recover different things from non-REM sleep, and the hours that you lose from sleep are hours that you’re never going to recover. Sleeping less than what we need leads to stress, to a weaker immune system, to shortening your lifespan, etc.  

We all need to sleep between 7 to 9 hours at night. Some people have difficulty getting high quality sleep (because for example, they’re stressed) and they compensate by remaining for longer in bed, for this reason, and because some people simply need more sleep to recover, it’s completely fine to sleep 9 hours at night. In some cases, some people could be staying for longer in bed, perhaps for 10 hours, but that doesn’t mean they��re getting 10 hours of sleep, most of the time that means they have sleep issues.

So, never feel bad for taking the time to sleep, it’s a completely necessary thing we all need to do to feel well.

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Interesting and useful info.

-It’s completely fine to wake up in the middle of the night to pee or for whatever reason, as long as it’s not too many times, and as long as we can get back to bed and sleep within a range under 20 minutes, if you stay up for longer than 20 minutes or so after waking up, perhaps there’s an issue like stress or perhaps you’re looking at bright lights in the middle of the night.

-Naps are completely fine if you can sleep well at night, a short 15-30-minute nap can help feel a lot better and to be productive for the rest of the day. A nap that’s over 30 minutes perhaps is not so ideal, but if you’re taking a longer nap, it’s probably a better idea to take a 90-minute nap to have a full sleep cycle, because if you set an alarm for 60 minutes for example, your sleep will be interrupted and you won’t feel very well after waking up, so try to get short or long naps.

--Note that taking long naps could be interfering with getting a good night sleep, and it’s best is to get all your sleep at night. Even short naps could interfere with your night's sleep, so watch this carefully, sometimes simply laying down for 15-20 minutes with your eyes shut can help recover a lot of energy without the need to take a nap.

-Melatonin is a hormone that’s naturally produced that helps tell the body it’s time to sleep, the less light there is, the more melatonin we will have circulating in our bodies, this is the reason we should not be seeing any kind of light before sleeping, not the TV, not the cellphone screen, not any lightbulb or anything. When we see light, the melatonin in our body disappears, we need darkness for our body to start producing it all over again.

--Many people take melatonin as a sleeping aid, with the studies available and the information we know right now, it’s only recommended to take very small doses of melatonin for elderly people who don’t produce enough melatonin, this can help them get a better sleep. For younger people, they can easily produce the melatonin needed by simply not looking at lights at night.

--The likely negative consequences of drinking melatonin are unknown, melatonin is a hormone, it shouldn’t be treated lightly, the doses that are in many pills can be a lot higher from what an elderly person needs, this means that many people taking melatonin are consuming huge doses they don't need and that could be bad for health.

--We can summarize this by saying: melatonin is a big business with unknown risks, so be careful, if you ever take any, take the smallest possible dosage and watch carefully how you feel, it's likely it's not even helping you sleep.

-Regarding sleep aids such as drinking an infusion of, or even pills for the following plants and such, there's zero evidence that they actually help sleep: valerian root, chamomille, lavender, other infusions, etc.

--There are however things that haven't been studied enough, like eating tart cherries or eating kiwi with the skin at night. These are 2 examples of remedies people use to get a better sleep, perhaps it's just a palcebo effect such as drinking a chamomille tea, perhaps it stimulates something that helps sleep. Placebos can have a big impact psychologically, so if you believe any natural remedy is helping, as long as it can't cause any damage, it's fine to keep taking it.

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What to avoid.

-Don’t drink coffee 8-10 hours before sleeping, and don’t drink huge amounts of caffeine even if it’s early in the morning. Try not to drink coffee right after waking up, if you can only feel energetic and well with caffeine, it’s likely you’re not getting enough sleep and that you’re just creating a vicious cycle of too much caffeine and then not enough sleep or not having a good quality sleep.

--Big note here. As the day progresses, we produce more and more of something called “adenosine”, the more adenosine that we have circulating in our body, the more we feel the need to sleep (there’s a term scientists use here, “sleep pressure”), when we drink caffeine, the caffeine kicks out the adenosine from its parking spot or receptor in our brain, and thus, we feel like we don’t need sleep, but the adenosine remains circulating in our body and as the caffeine wears off, adenosine will take its place back again, and since there will be more adenosine circulating, we will feel a greater need to sleep (some people call this "caffeine crash").

If we don’t sleep enough, we’ll have adenosine circulating in our bodies, and if caffeine is the only way to feel energetic, then it’s highly likely you’re not sleeping enough.

--Also note, some people drink coffee before sleeping and they “sleep just fine”, this would not be the case at all, when anyone drinks coffee before sleeping, the quality of their sleep is much poorer than it could be, the adenosine explanation should help understand why, having caffeine in the system is awful for sleep, it blocks things from working the way they usually should.

-Drinking alcohol greatly decreases the quality of your sleep, having alcohol in the system interrupts the 90-minute sleep cycles. If you drink any alcohol, it’s best not to drink it too late at night and not a lot. Just 1 cup will mess with your sleep.

-Consuming cannabis (smoking or eating it) is not ideal to do regularly because even if your sleep feels deeper and better, the THC in cannabis will mess up with your REM sleep, you won’t have the same amounts of REM sleep and your recovery won’t be the same.

--Taking a good dose of CBD can help sleep as far as we know, but it's important not to use it too often because then you'll depend on it.

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Some tips for sleeping better.

-Regarding melatonin, before sleeping you can do a few things with a very dim light, such as, reading from a book or an electronic reader with a dim light, listening to a podcast, meditating, etc., as long as you’re not looking at any light directly (and not having bright lights nearby), you'll keep producing melatonin.

-Take sunlight in the morning, it’s extremely important that your eyes are exposed to sunlight early in the day if you want to sleep well, just being near an open window will help a lot. Letting some sunlight hit your skin is also good and helpful for sleep.

-Exercise helps a lot to sleep better, especially cardio, this can mean taking a 30-minute walk, no need to do tons of exercise daily.

-Have a routine before sleep. Sleeping is not a switch we just turn on or off, we need to ease into sleeping. What I do for example, at 9:30 pm I stop doing whatever I’m doing, prepare some oatmeal or whatever for the next day, then I meditate for 15 minutes or so, then I can get a much better night sleep.

-Try to sleep at the same hour every day, this will help a lot regulate your sleep.

-Don’t have any clocks that you can see at night, don’t look at your cellphone for any reason right before sleep or during the night.

-If one day you sleep less, don’t try to compensate by taking a long nap later that day, don’t try to drink a lot of coffee to feel better, that will negatively affect your sleep for the next night.

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Conclusion.

Sleeping well and enough is essential, don’t let tendencies or work get in the way of your sleep, not getting the necessary sleep isn’t only detrimental in the short term, it will decrease your lifespan.

Here’s another post I wrote mostly about stress and sleeping I recently updated, it also contains more suggestions and things to avoid for getting a better sleep:

[qualityherb]

Benefits And Side Effects Of Cordyceps Mycelia Powder

Benefits And Side Effects Of Cordyceps Mycelia Powder

Cordyceps Mycelia Powder also named Fermentation Cordyceps Cs-4 powder.

The Cordyceps is a fungi genus, including around 600 species. Mycelium is fungi that replace the host tissues when the cordyceps fungus attacks the host. On the other hand, the mushroom sprouted by mycelium are edible and provide various health benefits. These species of cordyceps have been described in different countries, including Japan, China, Bhutan, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam.

People looking for herbs that provide various health benefits may consider using cordyceps mycelia powder. Cordyceps mycelia is one of the herbs from a mushroom found mainly in China. Moreover, no proven studies show that Cordyceps can cure any disorder or health-related issue. However, it does not mean you cannot use Cordyceps for other health benefits such as performance boost.

Benefits of Using Cordyceps Mycelia Powder

Cordyceps mycelia are used in traditional Chinese medicine and are recognized as an essential herb in china. Using Cordyceps mycelium, people can take various health benefits such as improving the immune system, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This shows how beneficial this herb could be for the human body as these many benefits are not generally available in one herb. It’s also considered a rich source of protein and improves the immune system.

Furthermore, it can offer health benefits such as:

l  Performance Boost

The Cordyceps increased amount of oxygen intake results in improved blood flow. Increased oxygen intake has shown a significant impact on the performance or health of a person. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that various researchers did multiple tests on different people. The result showed that oxygen intake increases by taking cordyceps mycelia powder, but no proof exists to support the performance boost.

l  Anti-inflammatory

Inflammation is considered to be an essential part that helps our body in the healing process. However, chronic inflammation can impact your body, and it helps when the inflammation tissues sit too long at an injured place in the body. The anti-inflammatory property of cordyceps mycelia is said by many people to get relief from these types of situations.

l  Anti-Tumor and Anti Aging

Older people who face fatigue in their daily life use Cordyceps mycelia powder to boost their strength and reduce fatigue. Many kinds of research show that anti-aging could be possible because of the antioxidants available in the cordyceps. The anti-tumor is one of the most effective benefits that is considered to be found in Cordyceps mycelia. In addition, many say that the cordyceps can slow down the tumor cells from growing and work for cancer cells. While the studies were conducted, the researcher found the death of breast cancer cells due to the Cordyceps extract.

Side Effects And Preventive Measures For Cordyceps Mycelia Powder

A widespread type of symptom is found in using cordyceps mycelia powder. The cordyceps side effects include problems such as diarrhea, nausea, stomach ache, dry mouth, etc. These are various minor issues that can be cured by regular medication. However, these symptoms are found in people who consume too much dosage of Cordyceps mycelia. In addition, various other things should be taken care of before taking any cordyceps supplement.

l  Avoid If You Have Diabetes

People who have diabetes and have to take diabetic medication should avoid using cordyceps. In addition, taking cordyceps with diabetic medicines could increase the blood pressure in a person’s body, causing high blood pressure.

l  Avoid If Allergic To Yeast And Mold

The use of cordyceps is safe but causes trouble to specific people. The cordyceps can leave a metallic taste after a long service; however, people who are allergic to mold or yeast car more likely to be allergic to cordyceps.

l  Stop Taking Cordyceps Before a Surgery

You should stop taking cordyceps if you have any surgery. Moreover, you must avoid the herbs two weeks before the surgery. This is generally a preventive measure to stay safe from excessive bleeding. The lack of research is why you should not give these herbs to children.

The Specification of Cordyceps Mycelia Powder

Polysaccharides 20%,30%, 40%,50% UV

Cordyceptic Acid 3%,7% HPLC

Cordycepin 3%,4% by HPLC

Adenosine 0.28% Cordycepic acid (Mannitols) 8%

Adenosine, Cordycepin, Cordyceps, Cordyceps Mycelia Powder, Cordyceptic Acid, Mannitols, Polysaccharides

[ryusagibun]

Commission for a friend of my character Amp with a certain kind of hair style he really likes.