#bulletin technique

[mecainfo]

Bulletin Technique JAGUAR XF

Dans cet article vous trouverez un bulletin technique consacré à la  Marque JAGUAR , Modéle XF, Version 3.0 D (AJV6D) 202 KW 275 CV 2993 Cm3 .

Ce bulletin a été spécialement conçu pour vous offrir des procédures détaillées et des instructions claires, afin de vous accompagner efficacement dans vos travaux de réparation et maintenance quotidiens

SYMPTÔMES :                                                

P22D2-77 – Vanne d’admission de la turbine du turbocompresseur bloquée en position ouverte. Impossible d’atteindre la position demandée.

P22D3-77 – Vanne d’admission de la turbine du turbocompresseur bloquée en position fermée. La position demandée ne peut pas être atteinte.

-Le véhicule présente un ou plusieurs des codes d’erreur ci-dessus.

-Codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande du moteur.

-Manque de puissance du moteur.

-Indication de performances limitées sur le tableau de bord.

CAUSES POSSIBLES:

Défaut du câblage électrique.

Défaut du système de vide.

Défaut de la vanne solénoïde du modulateur de vide.

Défaut de l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes.

NOTE : les symptômes ci-dessus sont reproduits temporairement.

PROCÉDURE DE RÉPARATION :

Effectuer la lecture des codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande du moteur à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Confirmer qu’un ou plusieurs des codes d’erreur énumérés dans le champ des symptômes de ce bulletin sont enregistrés.

Confirmer que les symptômes mentionnés dans le champ des symptômes de ce bulletin sont reproduits.

Vérifier la référence du logiciel du PCM à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic approprié.

Effectuer la procédure suivante si la référence du logiciel du PCM est 9X2Q-14C204-PD ou une lettre inférieure (PA, PB, PC) et que le code d’erreur P22D2-77 est enregistré :

Vérifier le bon état du câblage de l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes.

Installer un manomètre approprié entre la conduite d’alimentation à vide et la vanne solénoïde d’arrêt de la turbine.

Démarrer le moteur et le laisser tourner au ralenti.

Attendre 3 minutes pour que l’actionneur du turbocompresseur à aubes fixes secondaire se déclenche.

Vérifier que le vide est généré (environ 800 mbar).

Vérifier la tuyauterie si le vide n’est pas généré.

Vérifier l’état et le fonctionnement de l’électrovanne du modulateur de vide si l’état de la tuyauterie est correct.

Remplacer la vanne solénoïde du modulateur de vide si nécessaire.

Vérifier l’état et le fonctionnement de l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes pour s’assurer que le circuit de vide et le câblage électrique sont en bon état.

Remplacer l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes si nécessaire.

Effacer les codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Effectuer un réglage de la vanne d’arrêt de la turbine à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Effectuer un essai routier.

Effectuer une seconde lecture des codes d’erreur sur l’unité de commande du moteur (ECU) à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic et confirmer que les codes d’erreur mentionnés dans le champ des symptômes de ce bulletin ne sont PAS enregistrés.

Effectuer la procédure suivante si la référence du logiciel du PCM est 9X2Q-14C204-PD ou une lettre inférieure (PA, PB, PC) et que le code d’erreur P22D3-77 est enregistré :

Vérifier le câblage de la vanne solénoïde de vide du turbocompresseur secondaire et s’assurer qu’il est en bon état.

Vérifier le système de vide (tuyaux cassés, fendus, déconnectés ou mal raccordés).

Remplacer la vanne de vide du turbocompresseur secondaire (voir image 1 – A) si l’état du système de vide et l’état du câblage sont corrects.

Effacer les codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Effectuer un essai routier.

Effectuer une seconde lecture des codes d’erreur sur l’unité de commande du moteur (ECU) à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic et confirmer que les codes d’erreur mentionnés dans le champ des symptômes de ce bulletin ne sont PAS enregistrés.

Vanne solénoïde de vide du turbocompresseur secondaire ou de la tuyauterie associée. Procédure 2.

Effectuer la procédure suivante si la référence du logiciel du PCM est 9X2Q-14C204-PE ou une lettre supérieure (PF, PG, PH) et que le code d’erreur P22D2-77 est enregistré :

Vérifier le bon état du câblage de l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes.

Installer un manomètre approprié entre la conduite d’alimentation de vide et la vanne solénoïde d’arrêt de la turbine.

Démarrer le moteur et le laisser tourner au ralenti.

Attendre 3 minutes pour que l’actionneur du turbocompresseur à aubes fixes secondaire se déclenche.

Vérifier que le vide est généré (environ 800 mbar).

Vérifier la tuyauterie si le vide n’est pas généré.

Vérifier l’état et le fonctionnement de l’électrovanne du modulateur de vide si l’état de la tuyauterie est correct.

Remplacer la vanne solénoïde du modulateur de vide si nécessaire.

Vérifier l’état et le fonctionnement de l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes pour s’assurer que le circuit de vide et le câblage électrique sont en bon état.

Remplacer l’actionneur du turbocompresseur secondaire à aubes fixes si nécessaire.

Effacer les codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Effectuer un réglage de la vanne d’arrêt de la turbine à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Effectuer un essai routier.

Effectuer une seconde lecture des codes d’erreur sur l’unité de commande du moteur (ECU) à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic et confirmer que les codes d’erreur mentionnés dans le champ des symptômes de ce bulletin ne sont PAS enregistrés.

Effectuer la procédure suivante si la référence du logiciel du PCM est 9X2Q-14C204-PE ou une lettre supérieure (PF, PG, PH) et que le code d’erreur P22D3-77 est enregistré :

Vérifier le câblage de la vanne solénoïde de vide du turbocompresseur secondaire et s’assurer qu’il est en bon état.

Vérifier le système de vide (tuyaux cassés, fendus, déconnectés ou mal raccordés).

Remplacer la vanne de vide du turbocompresseur secondaire (voir image 1 – A) si l’état du système de vide et l’état du câblage sont corrects.

Effacer les codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Effectuer un essai routier.

Effectuer une seconde lecture des codes d’erreur sur l’unité de commande du moteur (ECU) à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic et confirmer que les codes d’erreur mentionnés dans le champ des symptômes de ce bulletin ne sont PAS enregistrés.

NOTE : pour une réparation correcte, il est recommandé de suivre les instructions du manuel de réparation.

Voir image 1 :

A – Vanne de vide du turbocompresseur.

Notre objectif principal est de vous offrir des informations détaillées et précises , et en cas de pannes complexes vous pouvez contacter la Hotline de Mecainfo pour une assistance à distance.

Rejoignez-nous sur : https://mecainfo.com/hotline-autodata/

[potato-frend-blog]

Different Types of Propaganda: Part 1

Hello chuckle fucks of Tumblr, it's clear to me that you no fucking clue what propaganda is or how to spot it.

So 1st is what is propaganda?

Definition of propaganda:

the spreading of ideas, information, or rumors to help or injure an institution, a cause, or a person ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one cause or to damage an opposing cause https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/propaganda

dissemination of information—facts, arguments, rumors, half-truths, or lies—to influence public opinion. It is often conveyed through mass media. https://www.britannica.com/topic/propaganda

information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread to influence people's opinions https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/propaganda

Propaganda Techniques Explained

This video does a good job of summarizing the different techniques

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sybo484veJY (you have to copy the link because the video doesn't allow playback.)

Agenda Setting:

Agenda: a secret aim or reason for doing something. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/agenda?q=Agenda)

A situation where critics perceive inexplicit political motives (or an institutional tendency to overlook underprivileged perspectives) to lie behind the choice of topics covered (e.g. in the news, current affairs, and documentaries), their relative importance (inferred from sequence and the relative amounts of space or time devoted to them), how they are presented, and what issues are backgrounded or excluded (see also selective representation). Media agendas are often set by ‘authoritative sources’ in government and industry upon which news organizations rely. The primary concern is that those in power thus call attention to issues that suit their agendas and distract attention from those that undermine them. It is usually argued that this influences or determines the terms and scope of public debate—not by telling people what to think but by telling them what to think about and controlling the salience for them of particular issues. (https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095355782)

Agenda setting means the "ability [of the news media] to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda". If a news item is covered frequently and prominently, the audience will regard the issue as more important. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#:~:text=Bandwagon%20and%20%22inevitable%2Dvictory%22,the%20road%20to%20certain%20victory)

(https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Agenda-Setting-Theory-Model_fig1_307536314)

Fear Appeal:

A psychological and rhetorical strategy in persuasive communication such as advertising that seeks to evoke a response of fear or anxiety in the audience by showing them an undesirable outcome that they can avoid by heeding the warning. This strategy is intended to increase the effectiveness of the message and it is commonly used in health and safety campaigns, such as those warning motorists not to drink and drive. (https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095812722?p=emailAWHA3YEy2eMug&d=/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095812722)

For example, fear can be used to drive votes toward a particular candidate or party—a method that relies on our natural instinct to find safety in numbers. And, a meta-analysis conducted by Albarracin and her colleagues found that messages with fear are nearly twice as effective as messages without fear (Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 141, No. 6, 2015). (https://www.apa.org/news/apa/2020/fear-motivator-elections)

(https://thevisualcommunicationguy.com/2017/09/14/the-fear-appeal-advertising/)

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible_Damage)

Appeal to Prejudice

Prejudice: an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/prejudice)

The one who makes the appeal to prejudice attempts to persuade you to act or feel in a certain way by associating his person, product or proposal with a certain one or more of your prejudices, positive or negative – a prejudice being a prejudgment wrapped in emotion and having a history. Not only does he rekindle your prejudice, he also arouses in you warm feelings toward the one (himself) who apparently shares your prejudice. And so it becomes much easier to make you believe or buy whatever he has to offer. (https://agloa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019PropGuidelinesSecD.pdf)

Using loaded or emotive terms to attach value or moral goodness to believing the proposition. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#:~:text=Bandwagon%20and%20%22inevitable%2Dvictory%22,the%20road%20to%20certain%20victory)

Der ewige Jude, a pseudo-documentary directed by Fritz Hippler and influenced by German Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels, featured scenes of Jews in Warsaw and Lodz ghettos. The film was popular in Germany and occupied Europe, with notorious sequences comparing Jews to rats carrying contagion. The film also highlighted the alien nature of East European Jews, with "stereotypical" Polish Jews transformed into "western-looking" Jews. The film's crude characterizations and gruesome footage made it a hit with audiences, demonstrating that there was no difference between Jews in East European ghettos and those in German neighborhoods.( https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/der-ewige-jude)

Inevitable Victory + Bandwagon

Inevitable: certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/inevitable?q=Inevitable) + Victory: an occasion when you win a game, competition, election, war, etc. or the fact that you have won. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/victory?q=Victory) = Certain to happen and cannot to be stopped or averted occasion when you win a game, competition, election, war, etc.

Bandwagon: an activity, group, movement, etc. that has become successful or fashionable and so attracts many new people. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/bandwagon)

An effort is made to influence you to act in a certain way by asserting or implying that that is what is popular or what the majority is doing (https://agloa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019PropGuidelinesSecD.pdf)

invites those not already on the bandwagon to join those already on the road to certain victory. Those already or at least partially on the bandwagon are reassured that staying aboard is their best course of action. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#:~:text=Bandwagon%20and%20%22inevitable%2Dvictory%22,the%20road%20to%20certain%20victory)

(https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/the-big-question-about-donald-trumps-rise-in-the-polls)

(https://x.com/AHA_tylersgap/status/734961473265373185/photo/1)

Beautiful People

The type of propaganda that deals with famous people or depicts attractive, happy people. This suggests if people buy a product or follow a certain ideology, they too will be happy or successful. (This is used more in advertising for products, instead of political reasons.) Usually for advertising rather than political purposes, sexual arousal may also be used. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#:~:text=Bandwagon%20and%20%22inevitable%2Dvictory%22,the%20road%20to%20certain%20victory)

depiction of attractive famous people or happy people to associate success or happiness with adherence to an idea or cause or purchase of a product. (https://www.dailywritingtips.com/50-types-of-propaganda/)

(https://quizlet.com/855901690/persuasive-techniques-flash-cards/)

Big lie

The repeated articulation of a complex of events that justify subsequent action. The descriptions of these events have elements of truth, and the "big lie" generalizations merge and eventually supplant the public's accurate perception of the underlying events. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#:~:text=Bandwagon%20and%20%22inevitable%2Dvictory%22,the%20road%20to%20certain%20victory)

A big lie (German: große Lüge) is a gross distortion or misrepresentation of the truth primarily used as a political propaganda technique. The German expression was first used by Adolf Hitler in his book Mein Kampf (1925) to describe how people could be induced to believe so colossal a lie because they would not believe that someone "could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously". Hitler claimed that the technique had been used by Jews to blame Germany's loss in World War I on German general Erich Ludendorff, who was a prominent nationalist political leader in the Weimar Republic. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_lie)

A deliberate gross distortion of the truth is used especially as a propaganda tactic. (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/big%20lie)

(https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/big-lie-looms-over-nevadas-legislative-primaries)

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler#Mein_Kampf)

Black-and-white fallacy

Presenting only two choices, with the product or idea being propagated as the better choice. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

type of cognitive distortion characterized by the tendency to see things in absolutes, with no shades of grey in between. This type of thinking can manifest in various aspects of life, from relationships to work to personal beliefs. (https://www.psychowellnesscenter.com/Blog/how-does-black-and-white-thinking-affects-your-mood-and-behavior)

only two choices are given. You are either for something or against it; there is no middle ground or shades of gray. It is used to polarize issues and negate all attempts to find a common ground. (https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/critical_thinking/103_think_logic_errors.html#:~:text=This%20technique%20is%20also%20called,to%20find%20a%20common%20ground)

"“Globalize the Intifada” is a phrase used by pro-Palestinian activists that calls for aggressive resistance against Israel and those who support Israel. The most prominent expressions of intifada have been through violence so this phrase is often understood by those saying and hearing it as encouraging violence against Israelis, Jews, and institutions supporting Israel. While the intent of the person saying this phrase may be different, the impact on the Jewish community remains the same."

(https://www.ajc.org/news/what-does-globalize-the-intifada-mean-and-how-can-it-lead-to-targeting-jews-with-violence)

See when people say "Globalize the Intifada" it implies that there are only two choices in the conflict. One, is the pro-Palestine side, that the aggressive resistance against Israel, and those who support it, and the pro-Israel side is the ones they are against. Without realizing that there is a peaceful option. ( The one I do not know because, one I am not a politician, and international politics is a mess. And two I do not know enough about the conflict to support a peaceful end where everyone is satisfied. )

Cherry picking

suppressing evidence, or the fallacy of incomplete evidence is the act of pointing to individual cases or data that seem to confirm a particular position while ignoring a significant portion of related and similar cases or data that may contradict that position. Cherry-picking may be committed intentionally or unintentionally. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_picking)

Present only evidence confirming your position, while ignoring or withholding an often more significant portion that contradicts it. (https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=29&k=cherry+picking&p=propaganda.php)

Example : “CLAIM: Four recent shootings show there has been an “incredible rise” in transgender or nonbinary mass shooters in the past few years, making the group “by far the largest group committing as a percentage of the population.” Donald Trump Jr. spread the narrative widely on Twitter, claiming the supposed “incredible rise” and later saying there was a clear trend forming. Hundreds of other social media users amplified the idea. Trump Jr. did not respond to a request for comment.” THE FACTS: While specific data on transgender and nonbinary mass shooters can be hard to isolate, available information shows that the overwhelming majority of assailants in mass shootings are cisgender males. In making the claim, social media users are citing four examples over the past five years in which the assailant in a shooting identified as trans or nonbinary: the November killing of five at a gay nightclub in Colorado Springs, Colorado; a 2019 shooting at a Denver-area school by two shooters, one of them a trans man, that left one student dead and eight wounded; a 2018 shooting at a Maryland warehouse that left four dead, including the shooter; and the shooting Monday in Nashville. The number of mass shootings committed by those identifying as trans or nonbinary — and their ratio compared to mass shootings committed by other groups — is hard to quantify. It depends on the database used, how the act is defined, and how gender identity is recorded — for example, transgender males may statistically be counted as just men. But experts agree that the most reputable information still shows a clear pattern that cisgender males are the most likely to commit such an act of mass violence.” (https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-transgender-nashville-shooting-misinformation-cd62492d066d41e820c138256570978c)

(02:15: cherry picking definition: Biden highlights only wage growth in "the bottom 40%," while not mentioning that, due to inflation, real wages actually declined for all other income groups.) (https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=29&k=cherry+picking&p=propaganda.php)

Classical conditioning

That is, if A is always present when B is present and B causes a physical reaction (e.g. disgust, pleasure), then when presented with object A in the absence of B, that same reaction will be experienced. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

The behavioral psychological method that systematically transfers feelings, thoughts, or dispositions through relationships. It pairs an object, event, or variable that elicits a particular natural or reflexive response (unconditioned stimulus) with a neutral one to the point that only the presence of the latter is required to induce the originally impulsive and event-specific response. This time, it’s no longer neutral but a conditioned stimulus. (https://www.thecable.ng/classical-conditioning-potent-political-strategy/)

(https://sites.psu.edu/intropsychf19grp7/2019/11/15/classical-conditioning-puppy-training/)

As you can see, the food products in both these ads have been depicted as mouth-watering and delicious, and are designed to cause consumers to feel hungry. (https://www.advergize.com/marketing/classical-conditioning-examples-in-psychology/#Classical_Conditioning_in_Advertising_Examples)

Ad hominem

A Latin phrase that has come to mean attacking one's opponent, as opposed to attacking their arguments. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

attacking the character or motive of the person making an argument, rather than attacking the argument itself. (https://www.propwatch.org/term_results.php?cat_id=1&id=23&k=ad+hominem)

(https://thinkingispower.com/logical-fallacies/)

(35:19: ad hominem definition: Warnock attacks the character of Walker and his allies for making allegations against his church, without addressing any of the specific allegations against his church.) (https://www.propwatch.org/term_results.php?cat_id=1&id=23&k=ad+hominem)

Ad nauseam

This uses tireless repetition of an idea. An idea, especially a simple slogan, that is repeated enough times, may begin to be taken as the truth. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

repeating something over and over again, until it forms a mental association and/or becomes perceived as truth. Based on the "mere exposure effect," is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they're familiar to them, including things they don't like. This principle for example makes people more likely to prefer listening to a song they've heard before over a new song they've never heard and to believe something they hear repeatedly, even if they know it's untrue.(https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=24&k=ad+nauseum&p=propaganda.php)

"Make America Great Again"

(https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/donald-trump-dropped-378000-make-america-great-again-hats-2015s-final-quarter-msna786506)

Appeal to authority

Appeals to authority cite prominent figures to support a position, idea, argument, or course of action. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

(also known as an appeal to false or unqualified authority) plays on people’s feelings of respect or familiarity towards a famous person to bypass critical thinking. It’s like someone is telling us “accept this because some authority said it.” (https://www.scribbr.com/fallacies/appeal-to-authority-fallacy/#:~:text=An%20appeal%20to%20authority%20)

appeal to anonymous authority - insisting something is true because an unnamed expert, study, or generalized group (like 'scientists') says it's true (https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=73&k=appeal+to+anonymous+authority&p=propaganda.php)

(09:56: appeal to anonymous authority see definition: There are "those that say" you can test too much, without identifying who those people are.) (https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=73&k=appeal+to+anonymous+authority&p=propaganda.php)

Cognitive dissonance

People desire to be consistent. Suppose a pollster finds that a certain group of people hates his candidate for senator but loves actor A. They use actor A's endorsement of their candidate to change people's minds because people cannot tolerate inconsistency. They are forced to either dislike the actor or like the candidate. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

Creates a feeling of mental stress when we encounter ideas or beliefs that conflict with our own. (https://www.propwatch.org/term_results.php?id=99&k=cognitive%20dissonance)

Psychological conflict resulting from incongruous beliefs and attitudes held simultaneously. (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cognitive%20dissonance)

Common man

The approach attempts to convince the audience that the propagandist's positions reflect the common sense of the people. It is designed to win the confidence of the audience by communicating in the common manner and style of the target audience. Propagandists use ordinary language and mannerisms (and clothe their message in face-to-face and audiovisual communications) in attempting to identify their point of view with that of the average person. A common example of this type of propaganda is a political figure, usually running for a placement, in a backyard or shop doing daily routine things. This image appeals to the common person. With the plain folk's device, the propagandist can win the confidence of persons who resent or distrust foreign-sounding, intellectual speech, words, or mannerisms. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

Establishing a connection with an audience based on being just like one of them and being able to empathize with their concerns. (https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=30&k=common+folk&p=propaganda.php)

(04:53: common folk see definition) (https://www.propwatch.org/category_results.php?cat_id=1&id=30&k=common+folk&p=propaganda.php)

(https://movieposters.ha.com/itm/movie-posters/war/world-war-ii-propaganda-us-government-printing-office-1944-navy-poster-285-x-40-i-m-proud-of-you-folks-too-jo/a/7132-86871.s)

Cult of personality

A cult of personality arises when an individual uses mass media to create an idealized and heroic public image, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. The hero personality then advocates the positions that the propagandist desires to promote. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

A situation in which a public figure (such as a political leader) is deliberately presented to the people of a country as a great person who should be admired and loved. (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cult%20of%20personality)

“Nazi propaganda often focused on glorifying Adolf Hitler as Germany’s sole savior in order to inspire a sense of personal devotion to him. Many films, books, newspapers, magazines, and other items portrayed Hitler as a strong and self-sacrificing father figure who personally embodied the character traits of the “ideal Nazi.”” (https://perspectives.ushmm.org/tag/cult-of-personality)

(Recently appointed as German chancellor, Adolf Hitler greets President Paul von Hindenburg in Potsdam, Germany, on March 21, 1933. This pose was designed to project an image of Hitler as non-threatening to the established order. This particular image is from a popular postcard. The photo also appeared widely in both the German and international press. Hitler appears in civilian dress, bowing in deference to the heavily decorated von Hindenburg. The March 5, 1933, elections had conferred legitimacy on Hitler's leadership.) (https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/making-a-leader)

(https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/30/washington-trump-and-cults-of-personality/)

Demonizing the enemy

Making individuals from the opposing nation, from a different ethnic group, or those who support the opposing viewpoint appear to be subhuman, worthless, or immoral, through suggestion or false accusations. Dehumanizing is also a term used synonymously with demonizing, the latter usually serves as an aspect of the former. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

Psychological process whereby opponents view each other as less than human and thus not deserving of moral consideration. Jews in the eyes of Nazis and Tutsis in the eyes of Hutus (in the Rwandan genocide) are but two examples. Protracted conflict strains relationships and makes it difficult for parties to recognize that they are part of a shared human community. Such conditions often lead to feelings of intense hatred and alienation among conflicting parties. The more severe the conflict, the more the psychological distance between groups will widen.

“During the protracted conflict, feelings of anger, fear, and distrust shape the way that the parties perceive each other. Adversarial attitudes and perceptions develop and parties begin to attribute negative traits to their opponent. They may come to view the opponent as an evil enemy, deficient in moral virtue, or as a dangerous, warlike monster. Such images can stem from a desire for group identity and a need to contrast the distinctive attributes and virtues of one's own group with the vices of the "outside" group…Enemy images are usually black and white. The negative actions of one's opponent are thought to reflect their fundamental evil nature, traits, or motives. One's own faults, as well as the values and motivations behind the actions of one's opponent, are usually discounted, denied, or ignored. It becomes difficult to empathize or see where one's opponent is coming from.”

“Once certain groups are stigmatized as evil, morally inferior, and not fully human, the persecution of those groups becomes more psychologically acceptable. Restraints against aggression and violence begin to disappear. Not surprisingly, dehumanization increases the likelihood of violence and may cause a conflict to escalate out of control. Once a violence break over has occurred, it may seem even more acceptable for people to do things that they would have regarded as morally unthinkable before.Parties may come to believe that destruction of the other side is necessary, and pursue an overwhelming victory that will cause one's opponent to simply disappear. This sort of into-the-sea framing can cause lasting damage to relationships between the conflicting parties, making it more difficult to solve their underlying problems and leading to the loss of more innocent lives."(https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/dehumanization)

“In Virginia, for example, we are witnessing the most anti-LGBT legislative session in the state’s history. So far, 9 anti-gay and anti-trans bills have been introduced. Some of the bills reveal a fixation with determining the “anatomical sex” of students to ensure that trans students are expelled from communal bathrooms. One goes so far as to impose a $50 civil penalty on any student who uses the “wrong” bathroom. Others seek to prevent trans people from updating their Virginia birth records to match their gender and limit nondiscrimination protections based on sex to people whose gender matches the gender assigned to them at birth.” (https://www.aclu.org/news/lgbtq-rights/legislators-across-country-set-their-sights-transgender-people)

(https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/defining-antisemitism-talking-about-israeli-policy-by-using-classical-antisemitic-tropes)

(https://www.tumblr.com/the-library-alcove/search/zionism)

(https://en.abna24.com/story/1410340)

Demoralization

Propaganda towards an adversary to erode fighting spirit, and encourage surrender or defection. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques#Specific_techniques)

Propaganda in wartime must seek to demoralize enemy morale. A primary objective of propaganda aimed at enemy nations is to break down their will to fight. It seeks to lower the enemy’s will to resist and it does this in several ways. One is to picture the military successes on the propagandist’s side. Another is to picture the armed might and economic power that the enemy has to face. Yet another is to picture the moral superiority of the cause against which the enemy is fighting. It is part of a nation’s strategic plan to intimidate enemy leaders, to separate them from their people, and to break down resistance by producing evidence that the mass of the enemy people have been deceived and misled. (https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-2-what-is-propaganda-(1944)/war-propaganda)

(https://x.com/Cluffalo/status/1790011284471083192)

[easternmind]

- Lessons in Japanese Game Design #3 -

Aside from what is easily one of the most stylish presentations in a videogame from the 1990s, one of Front Mission 3′s truly remarkable features consists of an in-game internet browser running within a simulated operating system. Expanding on the concept first rehearsed by Squaresoft in the second entry of the series, this massive component of the game can be accessed during breaks between missions, offering the player access to a number of pages for government entities, enterprises or other institutions. Access to additional websites is permitted as the game progresses.

This inventive solution offers unparalleled insight into the fictional universe of the game, in that it paints a very granular image of a futuristic society, its economy, geopolitical environment and zeitgeist. The information contained in these pages comes in the form of of bulletin boards, institutional updates, press releases, top secret data volumes, or the occasionally amusing curiosity. The user interface itself permits some degree of customisation, such as the option to disable the startup animation - itself a gorgeous visual relic that one hardly tires of watching - or changing the wallpaper pattern. Certain websites will also provide the option to download content, including images which can be set as said wallpaper. Other resources require secure access via the insertion of a password. Moreover, the player will have access to an email inbox to both read and send messages as may be relevant to advance onto the next stage.

Make-believe computer front-ends in video games were no novelty by the year 1999. Several sci-fi adventure, role-playing or action games allowed access to often very believable GUIs for the purpose of, for instance, retrieving precious clues or, say, disabling security locks. Aside from Front Mission 2, Final Fantasy VIII fans will likely remember the exciting Balamb Garden Network terminal. Kowloon's Gate's unforgettable Kownloonet terminals gave access to an email inbox, an all-important database and various other quotidian curiosities that helped fleshing out its mystic sci-fi narrative. The Japanese were privileged to have a complete version of Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere with access to an in-game encyclopedia the player could browse, as well as additional story elements told through email exchanges between the characters. 

That same year, the western Tactical RPG sensation from the West, Jagged Alliance 2, dabbled in this idea. Only three short years later, CyberConnect2′s singular .hack series was designed around the idea of a MMORPG that plays offline, allowing for countless interactions with non-playable characters which simulate messaging formats of the era. Other notable examples include the 2chan boards in Steins;Gate or, inescapably, the passionate love letter to web 1.0 that is Hypnospace Outlaw.

Generally, all of the aforementioned titles are either entirely dedicated on a similar concept, or merely resorted to it as a secondary, amusing distraction. Front Mission 3 pioneered the use of this device as a storytelling technique. No other game of the time, at least to my knowledge, had dedicated so much of its resources to producing a credible replica of design and functionality of the internet as it once existed.

[johannestevans]

Also on my Patreon.

A close reading is what we call an in-depth analysis of a piece of text, which might be in the case of fiction a short story, or for novels and novellas might be a portion or an extract from the text.

A “text” can refer to virtually anything — this piece is going to focus on reading and interpreting written fiction, particularly short stories and extracts from novels, but a “text” can be anything: a photograph or a painting, an essay or an article, a television show or a film, a videogame, a news bulletin, a play, etc.

Your skills in interpreting meaning of a text will be transferable, but different forms of media might require learning different forms of language and communication — text is text in different languages, of course, but paintings and still images employ visual language; film and television will employ similar visual language, but might also rely on the movement of cameras, music, actors’ subtle choices, etc; videogames will use forms of environmental storytelling to build a larger meaning in the text, such as codices or in-game books, etc.

As a writer, these skills can be vital to building on your own skills in the craft — we often talk about how writers should read to build up their skills, but reading passively only brings you part of the way there. Reading actively and analysing the techniques used by your favourite authors and used in your favourite texts will better allow you to learn from them, and to incorporate those techniques and effects into your own work.

This guide is not about how to write an essay or how to write up and present your close reading of a given text — essays and any other form of meta-writing are a response to a text, and occur in conversation with them: the text has communicated something to you, you’ve read and considered that communication, and then you’re presenting that interpretation to be read and responded to by others. This guide is merely on how to perform your close or in-depth reading of the text, mining it for evidence to use in one of those essays or conversations later on, or simply to allow you to recognise details you wouldn’t with a more cursory reading of it.

Texts can be read and interpreted in a variety of ways, and every person’s reading and interpretation of a text will be unique to them, affected by their own background and perspective — they bring their own unique skills, their own skill sets or areas of knowledge and expertise, their own preferences, biases, even their own emotional state at the time they read the text for the first and subsequent times.

A lot of people are taught how to approach a close reading at school — this might be in Language and Literature classes, in History and Geography, in Classics or other Humanities; it might be as part of a debate module or class. With that said, because a lot of class sizes are pretty big and because a lot of classes are pretty focused on exam and test results these days, with little individual focus, I know a lot of people don’t feel they internalised skills like these as much as they wish they did, or don’t feel confident in them.

Or they feel comfortable in their skills despite what they were taught in their classes, and because they’ve learned to do this intuitively, they feel comfortable in one medium, but not applying their skills to others.

Performing a close reading, or multiple close readings, is foundational to beginning an essay or presentation on a text, sure, but your ability to explore and interpret meanings in a text is valuable in far more situations than that.

Your skills in reading a text might elevate your enjoyment of them, allowing you to see further details or implications; they might aid your ability to draw parallels between comparative texts, and see those connections.

When you see these details and become used to them, you can recognise foreshadowing when it’s first introduced, and sometimes that means you’ll see plot twists or certain beats in a character arc coming — other times, it means you’ll expect certain things to happen, but then be more surprised when those expectations or tropes are subverted.

You might also recognise certain biases or implications in the text that you weren’t cognizant of on your first or cursory readings — you might notice specific pieces of language, notice and keep track of broader patterns, see parallels, et cetera.

It’s important to note that like… Regardless of whether you follow a guide like this or some other guide, simply by existing and going through life, you will gain new skills, you will gain new experiences, you will read and be impacted by new pieces of media, and you will take those experiences with you.

A favourite bit of mine in Transylvania 6–5000 (1985) is when Jack (Jeff Goldblum) chokes out Gil (Ed Begley Jnr) in a very homoerotic fashion while they argue about whether Gil loves Jack or not —

Very gay. You don’t need a comparative to read a gay undertone in this clip, right? The physical intimacy between Goldblum and Begley Jnr, the pushing him away then pulling him close again, the (barely) plausible deniability of it, etc.

It had been years since I watched Fiddler on the Roof (1971), not since I was a kid, and I laughed my head off when I got to Tevye and Golde’s Do you love me? because I realised in retrospect that Jack was quoting it in this scene — and not just quoting the scene, but quoting and putting himself in Golde’s position, not Tevye’s!

And that’s just a silly example, but there are so many things that might wholly change your interpretation of and your perception of a text — a conversation you have in a bar, a Simpsons episode that parodies it, someone’s joke or TikTok, a personal relationship or experience you’ve had that’s similar to the text, etc.

When you read the same book at fifteen, at twenty, at thirty, it can feel like you’re reading a wholly different text, because you’ll be a very different person. You’ll see different details, notice different things, and you’ll be responding as you read not only to the text itself, but to your own recollections of and past relationships with that same text.

You might hold multiple, conflicting opinions about that text, for example — and to do that is honestly a good sign, because if you can have one dominant opinion but see the way(s) someone else might interpret that text while you read it, you’ll have a better ability to understand and respond to other people’s responses to the text in conversation, and get why their perspective is so different to yours.

A reading isn’t just something we do alone in the dark, and that’s then discussed in a lecture hall or a class room, or some other academic setting. These skills are vital for academia, yes, but apart from being useful to any author who wishes to work on and improve their own craft, they’re used in everyday situations too.

When people have arguments in pubs or on Twitter about whether Die Hard is a Christmas movie, they are arguing about their interpretations and readings of the text, and whether the text therefore meets the genre conventions of a Christmas movie.

---

Super excited about this guide! This is a 10k deep-dive into doing close readings of texts - I'm actually working on other pieces to go with this one, and the next one is going to be about doing close readings of television and film, which I know is even less covered in schools than close reading text!

Please comment and share and let me know what you think, especially if it's helpful! <3

[snepril]

We interrupt your regularly scheduled program of "otherkin lesbian drooling over girl tummy / weird TF content" to bring you this special bulletin:

As someone who regularly struggles with severe anxiety / panic attacks, I find that a big part of the battle is just getting the physiological panic under control. My therapist actually gave me some really useful techniques to help control an anxiety attack, and I wanted to share them here in case they help anyone else. None of them are perfect solutions that work 100% of the time, but taken together they've helped me stop several episodes before they got out of control.

1. Eat something sour - Warheads candies work best for this. It's frankly scary how effective this is, and I recommend anyone struggling with anxiety keep a bag of medical Warheads on hand.

2. Put an ice pack on the back of your neck. This seems to work on a similar mechanism as #1, and can help convince your body the danger has passed.

3. Go for a walk. Even a short 15 minute walk outside can help burn off restless energy. If you have access to somewhere with plenty of nature, that's even better.

4. Take a hot bath or shower. I'm a big fan of lavender bubble baths

5. Practice regular breathing exercises. Breathing in and out regularly while focusing on your breathing can help get the rest of your body under control. It isn't easy, and you will get distracted, but that's okay - the longer you keep at it, the more it helps.

Like I said before, none of these are guaranteed solutions or magic fixes, and working with a skilled therapist who understands your needs is always a good idea if it's an option, but these have all helped me manage and control the worst of my anxiety issues. The first two are also extremely easy to do, and work way better than they sound like they should!

[skyflyinginaction]

Clamp Art Style Analysis: Part 2: Series styles and Compare and Contrast

Series Styles

Over the years the Clamp art style changes constantly depending on the series, and the art direction always changes depending on the work and magazine. Clamp’s art style always changes to suit the genre of the magazine the work is running in.  When I researched I noticed when I look at their earlier works and recently it's in that their art style changed over the years  I saw that the art of these series improved due to different works' sterilization and the hiatus this is seen in a few series that I am going to talk about.  I am not going to go over all of their works just choose these series and discuss them in this segment, I am going to be heavily biased and choose this series to talk about the art style, lines, and materials used while drawing the series 

X1999

I don’t know the art style with x as I did with the other series since there wasn’t much to talk about in the interviews.

Mostly I think this is the beginning of Clamp’s early years when the art style looked this way. The art style Clamps early years as artists. The one in charge of X's art direction is Nekoi, Nekoi is in charge of the art direction of x with Igarashi assisting, The art in X changed with the art shifted to Nekoi’s delicate style.  

The art of X changed expeditiously compared to how the art looked in the first chapter,

The art at the beginning of X had thick ink lines and more dramatic shading in the early volumes and is more or less gone. X is drawn in a more ornate style characteristic of shoujo manga, noting that x is a series intended for a female audience.  X takes on a shojo style bolder and more intense art for drawing X there is a heavy use of screen tone. While drawing X, they used straight lines they drew with Thick lines in the beginning, X had a lot of colored backgrounds in the illustrations, and manga X is one of the series in that they had trouble applying screentone. 

If you compare x it has changed a lot due to Clamp working on other series though mostly it's because it ran the longest in the magazine. X was sterilized during Wish, Card Captor Sakura, Chobits, Magic Knight Rayearth,Suki, Legal Drug, Legend of Chun Hyang and Angelic Layer. 

When it came to creating for x it was the original character profile, Clamp drew all the aspects they wanted to include in the final character in a bulletin-type chart they drew it like a New Year's greeting card.

Unlike with other sterilization, they didn’t decide on the materials they would be using so X doesn’t have any specific material for drawings. Nekoi and Mokona did a lot of experimenting with materials in x. Clamp used many different materials and a variety of techniques when drawing X the colors in x they painted with a lot of new materials and a lot of contrasting colors. There was a lot of experimenting with materials with x. You can see it in the illustrations. 

The materials that are used for x are color screentone. Colortone is a type of colored screentone called overlay, their usual color ink, gash, and pastel products X has many different kinds of illustration paper used for coloring from wrapping paper and cardboard to tea wrappers.  

I am going to go over the materials they used in their color illustrations from 1992-1996 and 1997-2004

1992-1997

Paper: Kent Block, BB Kent, BB Kent rough surface, Kent paper, sand textured paper, Shinden shi paper, Feather Waltz, Arches,  parchment paper, manuscript paper, Watson paper, wood free paper  

Lines: Holbein Color Ink (Special black), Photocopied pencil lines, Pigma Graphic pen, Pigma Graphic ink pen, color pencil, pencil, Holbein Color Ink (sepia), poster color, color pencil, Winsor and Newton Drawing Ink (nut brown), Dr. Ph. Martins Sepia Ink

Color: Dr. Ph. Martain’s Color Ink, Acrylic, airbrush, modeling paste, gouache, color tone, poster color, Liquitex, Acrylic gouache, color tone, white out, Copic markers, Lumocolor Ink pen, Lumocolor

1998-2003

Paper: Watson paper,  BB Kent, copy paper, Sheet of paper with a light brown color, hotel stationery paper, 

Lines: Pigma Graphic ink pen, India ink, Ballpoint pen, Sepia black ink, 

Color: Lumocolor ink pen, modeling paste  Lumocolor, sepia, copic marker, airbrush, poster, Acrylic gouache, airbrush, color ink,  Liquitex,  Dr. Ph. Martains Color Ink,  Gold brown Ink, Poster color, color ink,

If you looked at the materials and techniques in the comments used for drawing the illustrations of x they 

put a lot of work in the color illustrations for x. The materials used in the illustration change the impression.

For the illustrations, There were a few comments about it, A 2002 comment that Fuuma's head looks a little big; this is a drawing habit they had while working on Chobits at the time.

When it came to illustrations sepia ink was used for outlines of characters with pale color profiles since the lines stand out too much in black in illustrations sepia ink was used for characters with pale color profiles. Hinoto, Kakyou, and Kotori have Saphia outlines. Yuto is the only exception. He has a light color profile but looks good with crisp outlines so he is drawn with black ink.  When Clamp drew Kotori they always made sure to draw her with a very faint and soft touch when it came to drawing her in illustrations they used Sephia instead of black for her lines.

X is a shoujo manga that ran in Asuka for some time. It has a lot of action scenes that attracted male readers, Asuka gave the team the freedom to create what they saw fit.  

There is a difference in colors between the first and subsequent printings as seen in the volumes of X. The volumes up to 4 were a lot tidier but on volume 5. Clamp started to get busier and messier. 

Everything in X is written by script, even the details of the collapsing and the destruction of the buildings look like the destruction of the buildings is written from the script from Ohkawa. The backgrounds and destruction of the city were mentioned by Ohkawa. While Clamp is drawing the destruction of the buildings they have reference photos taken beforehand which Igarashi finds tiring and painful. 

In Kamui’s character design, Kamui has Tsuri-me-type eyes like Ashura from RG Veda Clamp considered Kamui's hairstyle and uniform average. 

The character that Clamp had a hard time drawing appearance-wise is Kotori,  Kotori was the character that Clamp found trouble with drawing. When Ohkawa looked at the manuscript copy of chapter one Ohkawa was a little shocked at the drawing of Kotori even considered her like udon. Mokona did her in pencil in the rough draft, Kotori looked soft and sort of limp when she added a pen she looked thicker by thinning down the lines her body became less solid making her float around she became lighter and more impermanent so they used the tip of the pens instead when inking her.

Another one of the difficulties that came with drawing X was drawing all the characters from the dragons of heaven and the dragons of the earth in one picture in the same illustration. They are parts of the character that give you trouble that you confuse with others but individually they are easy. 

Clover 

Clover has a different sense of atmosphere and techniques. The art in Clover has a feeling of decadence or nostalgia, the wing design looks like older Mecha Ohkawa was influenced by the movie “1984” she made Mokona watch it to recapture its mood. The buildings in Clover reference old movies made to resemble German and European countries. They also used European photographs as references, like photos of German factories.  

Ohkawa made modifications to Clovers' art style since it ran in a magazine for young girls the intended audience for Clovers was older so the art style is made to look prettier since it's for girls.  

Mokona is in charge of the art in Clover even the story paneling was planned out by her Both Mokona and Ohkawa planned the panels in the manga Clover. The distinctive layouts and layouts of the panels are created with music videos and movies in mind. The panels in Clover look like frames from a movie. Ohkawa had a hand in it with half having to plan the width of each panel. It wasn't easy and took more time. Clamp found the layout the most challenging and most fun they had in the series, for Clover has dialogue or scenes with big spaces between sentences. Clamp used thinner frames to look pretty.  

The art material they used is gayoushi paper which is used to emphasize the bounciness of Sue's hair. Gayoushi paper is a type of cartridge paper in Japanese. They used drawing paper for clover the drawing paper here is contrasted with other, more common media. Clamp used different paper for clover which is cartridge paper or gayoshi paper for drawing the manga but the screentone kept slipping off and was annoying to Clamp. They used the copy machine to give Clover a picture book blurred look they had a hard time getting it right and tried many times.

Card Captor Sakura

For the art style of Card Captor Sakura, Clamp wanted to create something really cute.  

It focuses on the cute factor so the lines and use of ink are to give it a soft and cute feel Card Captor Sakura uses thin, curved lines the manga Mokona the one who makes the lines thin in Sakura and doesn’t use a lot of ink making the pages light and to make it look soft feel. It is a shoujo manga with a magical girl genre so it would make sense that the series would look soft. Card Captor Sakura uses color ink for the illustrations the color ink is used to create a clear image. For materials Card Captor Sakura and clear card Arc used copic markers and modeling paste in the illustrations. 

For designing the Clow cards, the design of borders of the cards was created first. Mokona filled in the illustrations, and the rest determined the card name and functions in the story. Clamp didn’t have problems with designing characters but the expressions changed from the plan. 

Chobits 

The materials of Chobits are based on Ohkawas decisions for materials. Clamp uses ball pens for drawing. They used ball pens since they wanted something drawn by pencil. The illustrations for Chobits have Clamp use acrylic gouache and more gouache.  

In Chobit's art style the character has shorter arms and legs and the shoulders aren't wide. the character designs for chobits for Chi, Chi’s design is the most detailed one.

Legal Drug

Legal Drug came after Suki, Clamp was into underground crime dramas so the manga has serious and dark tones. The series went on a hiatus so the art style changed compared to when it was first run making the art style similar to XXXHolic. 

Clamp used digital computer equipment for Legal Drug, Legal Drug is the first series that Clamp drew colored digital for the first time. Clamp drew all the CG color illustrations for Legal Drug. They wanted to use CG as a tool so they learned how to use CG from Katsuya, Okazaki Takeshi, and Takashi Yamazaki. Clamp struggled using the computer for the first time they ran into problems like the power ran out of the computer before saving. 

Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle

The drawing methods changed with Tsubasa and XXXHolic, two series that worked in tandem; this goes with the drawing style of both series since the art style has been changing. Both scripts of XXXHolic and Tsubasa have a lot of difficulty, Tsubasa was supposed to be for a younger audience which caused it to increase complexity but it gave the team complete creative freedom. Clamp didn’t want to make the pacing too complicated due to being about a young man's journey. 

Tsubasa had thicker lines and simple page layouts, Clamp used a marker with thick lines that could be drawn while printing on rough paper since the frames did not work well the fine lines looked blurred Clamp had a problem making the lines too thin, and didn’t have the impact they needed to stand out the lines need to be bold and popped out since it's a weekly manga series said readers tend to forget. The thick lines in Tsubasa are to make the art be seen in the magazine printings since thin lines are too delicate and will make scenes hard to see in the printing of the magazine

Since Tsubasa is running a weekly magazine the thickness of the lines affects the visibility of the magazine printing.

Tsubasa started the trend of drawing thin vertical borders and thick horizontal ones, the difference between the panel borders Clamp separating the panel in the layouts to link it to XXXHolic.  

The art style of Tsubasa was based on a suggestion from the editor The editor asked the group to make the drawing style attractive to readers of Shonen magazine Tsubasa is a shone manga drawn to fit that genre Clamp already had design decided and materials prepared.  

For materials they are seen using when drawing, Tsubasa is a monograph mechanical pencil used for pencil drafting in their manga. The Clamp uses a marker with which thick lines can be drawn to make it pop out on rough paper in printing the ink markers they use to fill in the large spaces. Clamps have Copic markers for colored illustration in Tsubasa. 

Ohkawa directs the art style of Tsubasa, she tells the members to draw the male characters with vigor and take more care of the female characters. Mokona is the artist who crafts the characters and storyboards she draws most of the characters in Tsubasa, female characters have soft fluffy hair and look like they are drawn with soft touches, and male characters are drawn with a rougher touch. Ashura wasn’t easy to draw since they have a feminine beauty and it wasn’t easy to draw those with loose eyelashes. They decided not to draw lower lashes which made the faces stiff, evident with Emeraude they changed her hair and put curls in her hair to make her more graceful. They used their normal style to get the readers to pick up the story. When accustomed to the new style they thought of slowly returning to their art style during the country of Oto.

The script of Tsubasa takes 5 hours, the storyboard 10, and the drawing for the manuscript takes two days for 20 pages. If not going well, it could take three days.  

XXXHolic 

The drawing methods changed with Tsubasa and XXXHolic Two series worked in tandem compared to the two series XXXHolic was the series that Clamp found was easy to draw. 

The characters of XXXHolic are drawn to be very tall and have long limbs; they are thinner and longer in the drawing. It makes characters more expressive in the manga. XXXHolic and Tsubasa have similar proportions for characters The reason is that they cross over Tsubasa is linked to XXXHolic the proportions of the characters are similar to be meant to cross over to Tsubasa.

The materials for XXXHolic they use for drawing are felt tip pens since human characters are drawn by 2 people if they used a regular pen the brushstroke strengths would be uneven Clamp members have strong drawing pressure so having the same pen can even it out. Clamp decided not to use screen tones for xxHolic, XXXHolic is drawn without screen tone to give more of an impression of occultism. 

They used mechanical pencils for the drafting stage when drawing in xxxHolic and inking markers to fill in large spaces.

There are a lot of Japanese and Chinese in XXXHolic The style Clamp uses for XXXHolic is similar to traditional Japanese Ukiyo-e paintings, a Ukiyo-e art style that dictates longer proportions for the characters. The character looks tall and lean. xxHolic looks more like a wood block painting and has Japanese prints and Alphonse Mucha with an art nouveau in it. The female characters in XXXHolic are drawn by Mokona and the male characters are drawn by Nekoi who are also Yokai and spirits that aren't in human shape and animals.  

The covers and color pages are drawn by Nekoi and Mokona together, the base colors of the covers are never white, gold, or silver then color printed over it.

The storyboard for XXXHolic takes 6 to 8 hours done by Saturday.

Kobato

Kobato's art style is similar to Card Captor Sakura’s. The lines used in Kobato are similar to the lines in Card Captor Sakura, and the lines in the manga are thin, like a shoujo manga. The colors of the illustration are pale with a touch of watercolor. 

Kobato was made into a brighter series since Tsubasa was heading into a dark development, Kobato's story is loose and not too dark and is meant to be more relaxing.  

Comparing and Contrasting the panels of these series 

X/1999 & Clover 

Clover and X are two old shoujo manga done by Clamp though Clover was drawn during the run of X 

making X the longest-running series. Each of the members of Clamp is in charge of the art direction of the manga

with Nekoi in charge of the art direction of x and Mokona in charge of the art direction for Clover.

The lines that are used to ink and the line thickness in the two series are different along with the amount of pen pressure seen in the manga. The members of Clamp have strong drawing pressure. You can see it in the way they drew the lines in the ink and the line weight in the ink in the manga. You can tell the amount of pen pressure used in both the manga series is a testament to how strong the drawing pressure is. 

For the line thickness for both series, the lines in X have straight bold thicker lines. The lines in Clover are thin and along with the panels the lines have thin frames.

X uses a heavy amount of screen tone whereas Clover doesn’t use too much screen tone.  

They use a different sort of paper for clover that is gayoushi paper which is used to emphasize the bounciness of Sue’s hair.

These are two styles. The art style for Clover is made to look pretty since it's for girls and drawn with an air of decadence to give people old-fashioned feelings when they read it. The style of Clover stands out due to how it's drawn. The frames of Clover are supposed to look more like a movie. The art style of X went through huge changes due to a long year run so its art style changed to be more defined and detailed.

Both manga series have different art styles to suit the atmosphere of the manga  X used a heavy atmosphere where Clover has some sort of emptiness that the characters in the manga face to symbolize how bleak their situation is though someone pointed out that a large amount of negative space for clover is drawn to emphasize for the characters loneliness. The atmosphere of X gives a more foreboding sort of feel since it's near the end of the world.

Tsubasa and Card Captor Sakura

These two manga series went through two second series there is major art development compared to how it was first runned here to properly focus on the current art style.

When you put the two together they are radically different.

The art styles for the two series are created to fit the genre with Card Captor Sakura being a shoujo manga and Tsubasa being a shonen manga.

For the lines of the series, Card Captor Sakura is thin curved lines and doesn’t use a lot of ink The lines in Tsubasa are bolder and thicker with simple page line art.

The materials used when drawing Tsubasa for which thick lines can be drawn is a marker with thick lines as stated before the impre.ssion of the series can change depending on the materials used this is true for Tsubasa and Card Captor Sakura

The characters in Tsubasa are drawn differently by different artists the female characters have soft fluffy hair drawn with soft delicate touches and the male characters are drawn with a rougher touch to emphasize masculinity. 

The eyes of both series are different. The eyes in both series have different textures in the irises with the upper eyes in Card Captor Sakura being thin and dark. The eyes of Tsubasa are angular and thick there are no lashes in the eyes of Tsubasa

Sakura and Syaoran

If you need to compare the series the styles would be seen best in the designs of the two characters of Sakura and Syaoran. Looking at them together the impressions of these two characters do change depending on the art style of the series they are drawn in. Sakura and Syaoran are drawn differently in Tsubasa than they were in Card Captor Sakura Even though Sakura and Syaoran are drawn the same there are a few differences that set them apart seen in the hair and eyes. 

The designs of Sakura and Syaoran are re-used in Tsubasa in designs. I would notice a lot of small details in their designs that make them different and stand out as their hairstyles and eyes differed when you put the two of them together. The new designs of the characters convey the impression of their characters.

There a different impressions of the two characters when you look at the art style how they are drawn with thin lines and how they are drawn with thick lines the impression of the two characters are There different when looking at the different art style and how differences there are in their designs

In the Card Captor Sakura Syaoran looked more like a boy fitting since he is in elementary school so he's drawn to be much younger. The syaoran in Tsubasa gives an image of a young man between boyhood and manhood Tsubasa’s syaoran design highlights maturity in contrast to Card Captor Sakura Syaoran. The height is obvious in the designs drawn with the Tsubasa design. 

If I compare the two Syaoran together their expressions are different, Card Captor’s Syaoran looked dour and moody 

whereas Tsubasa’s Syaoran spots a determined, serious look. Card Captor’s Syaoran looks like a little kid while Tsubasa’s Syaoran looks like a bright honest, sincere young man. The only difference between the designs of syaorans would be their expressions conveying their overall look and personality in their design. Syaoran is designed based on a shonen protagonist it answered with what would happen if Card Captor Syaoran is the shounen protagonist with Tsubasa Syaoran as the answer. 

For Syaoran’s hair: Syaoran’s hair is a crew cut with the end shaved. Both Syaorans have the same hairstyle drawn differently from the series. In Card Captor Sakura there are a lot of lines and details in the hair of Syaoran’s with his bangs being thin lines.  Tsubasa’s Syaoran hair is simplified and doesn’t have too many lines his hair and bangs are drawn simply and look blocky and rough he is drawn with rough edges as seen with his hair that emphasizes masculinity.

For Sakura's hair, both the Card CAptor and Tsubasa have short hair. She does have the same short hairstyle; there are a few noticeable differences. Card Captor Sakura’s hair looked straighter in the art, Tsubasa’s Sakura hair has soft fluffy hair and looks bouncy and floofy. her hair moves in different directions to emphasize the bounciness aspect and there are a lot of strands in Sakura's hair. 

Card Captor’s sakura is designed based on one of Clamps nieces and Despite them being designed as normal girls, they have this cuteness to them that makes them appealing with Tsubasa sakura designs being reused but still have an image of cuteness like with card captor’s sakura still retains her cheerful and lively personality as she had in Card Captor Sakura.

Card Captor Sakura and Kobato

The two of them are both shoujo mangas but have different audiences with Card Captor Sakura created for a younger audience and Kobato for an older audience in mind.

The two series have different tones Kobato is focused on drama and is more serious but light and loose. Card Captor Sakura is a lighter series than Kobato but is drawn with a soft cute-like feel in mind with Kobato being a focus of reality and the supernatrual in the manga. 

The amount of lines when inking at Kobato has a similar style to Card Captor Sakura with the series both using thin lines The lines in Kobato are thin and shojo manga like Card Captor Sakura use curved thin lines and don’t have a lot of of of ink. There are different textures in eyes when inked, Kobato has a lot of lashes in her eyes Sakura has a few lashes 

Card Captor Sakura and Chobits

Card Captor Sakura is a shojo manga intended for a younger audience in mind, Chobits is an ecchi manga drawn for an older male audience in mind the art style is appealing to a male audience. 

Though the genre of the two series has different art styles they are both drawn with the same thin lines the series are drawn with the use of thin lines and both look soft. Card captor Sakura Doesn’t use a lot of ink and has thin curved lines.

The difference is the materials that are used for the series Chobits uses different materials from Card captor Sakura, for materials for Chobits Clamp use ballpoint pens to make it look to be drawn by pencil The thickness in the eyes of Chobits have a thin line drawn, the ballpoint pen has something to do with it changing the thickness in the eyes.

Tsubasa and xxxHolic

Tsubasa and xxxHolic are both manga series that are drawn in tandem so it wouldn’t be a surprise they have a similar art style. Holic and Tsubasa have similar proportions for the characters this is supposed to show they are both linked. The characters in Holic are drawn tall and have long limbs which are thinner and longer in the manga.

Holic is styled as more of a woodblock painting. Holic art style resembles Japanese ukiyo-e paintings with ukiyo-e longer proportions. Holic is drawn without screentone to give more of an occult feeling.  

Clamp uses different materials for the two series, Holic has members draw the characters they use felt tip pens to match Clamps' strong drawing style and use an inking marker to fill large spaces. For Tsubasa the materials they use are a marker with thick lines they used a marker with thick lines to make it pop. Since Tsubasa is more action-oriented since it is a shounen the art needs to pop.

Comparing the thickness of the lines in the series, I would say that Holic has thin lines to contrast with Tsubasa's thick bold lines The eyes of Holic look like there drawn using thin lines and the eyes of Tsubasa have heavy lines in them.

Prev/Next

[cyberpunkonline]

Anyone who grew up in the 1990s and was part of the Internet as it grew will recognise one or all of these and probably have been involved in all of them.

The 1990s witnessed the emergence of several distinct subcultures, each with its own digital presence on the early internet. These subcultures embraced various aspects of technology, shaping their identities and interactions online. Let's explore some of the prominent subcultures of the 1990s and their relationship with technology:

Cyberpunk: The cyberpunk subculture was heavily influenced by science fiction and dystopian themes. It embraced the idea of a high-tech, low-life society. Online forums and early internet communities provided cyberpunks with platforms to discuss cybernetics, virtual reality, hacking, and the impact of technology on society. While the subculture itself did not die out, its influence gradually merged with broader science fiction and hacker communities.

Rave and Electronic Music: The rave subculture gained significant popularity during the 1990s, with a focus on electronic music, dance, and a sense of unity. The internet allowed ravers to share information about upcoming events, DJs, and music releases. Online message boards and chat rooms facilitated the exchange of mixtapes and the creation of virtual communities centered around the rave scene. As the decade progressed, the rave subculture evolved and diversified, giving rise to various electronic music genres and festival culture.

Grunge: The grunge subculture emerged from the alternative rock scene, characterized by a rejection of mainstream culture and an embrace of a DIY ethos. While the early internet played a relatively minor role in the grunge movement, alternative music websites and forums provided spaces for fans to discuss bands, share bootlegs, and connect with like-minded individuals. The grunge subculture waned in the late 1990s following the death of prominent musicians and a shift in popular music trends.

Goth: The goth subculture found a strong presence on the early internet, where it thrived in online communities and bulletin boards. Goths used technology to connect with others who shared an interest in dark aesthetics, music, literature, and fashion. The internet allowed goths to transcend geographical boundaries and form international networks, fostering a sense of belonging. While the goth subculture did not entirely die out, its prominence and visibility diminished in the 2000s.

Skater and Surfer: Skater and surfer subcultures, while distinct, often overlapped and shared similar attitudes and interests. While these subcultures were more rooted in physical activities, the early internet provided a means for skaters and surfers to connect and share videos, photos, and tips. Online skateboarding and surfing communities allowed enthusiasts to discuss techniques, equipment, and upcoming events. These subcultures continue to thrive today, both online and offline.

It's important to note that subcultures are dynamic, and their influence often transcends specific time periods. While some subcultures experienced a decline in visibility, their influence can still be seen in subsequent cultural movements and niche communities. Additionally, as the digital landscape evolved, new subcultures emerged, creating spaces for individuals who may have felt culturally displaced after the decline of previous movements

[calicheer-cove]

90s Community College Art Class au!

Billy needs to make a little extra money, he sees a flyer posted on the town’s bulletin board. A community college is looking for adults to be life models, no previous experience needed. The professor, an older woman dressed like the 1960s never went away, lets him know what to expect for the semester. He needs to arrive before the students and he’s also free to pick a costume and/or prop.

He slyly asks her if he can be nude, to which the professor answers, “That won’t be until later on in the semester, Mr. Hargrove.”

“Well I figured that as a model, I can… present my best work,” he remarks, his smirk still evident.

The experienced educator continues, “Billy, art isn’t just about nudity. It’s about learning the fundamentals. Observing form and lines, understanding perspective, and studying anatomy and structure.” She hands him the syllabus, “Please make sure to look over the syllabus, I expect you to be prepared for each session.”

That was the last thing that he expected someone like her to say. He figured that she would talk about being free and creative. Either way, he’s got the job and he’ll be compensated for his time.

Billy comes in early, dressed in a nice button up shirt, blue jeans, and combat boots; hair beautifully quaffed. He checks out the incredible work that past students have created. So many different methods, medias, and techniques. The most he can do is create a stick figure and a cartoon skull with a pen. Billy steps into the classroom and the professor shows him around. As the students come in, his heart sinks when he sees a familiar face.

Chrissy Cunningham is well prepared with her supplies. She’s traded in her pastels for comfy overalls and a plaid shirt. Her bangs are long gone, her dyed blonde hair sits along her shoulders. She’s wearing dark platforms with painted on shapes along the sides. She gulps when their eyes meet, quickly finding her seat. Billy isn’t shy about showing his body, but seeing Chrissy (someone that he had a crush on but refused to admit) makes him feel self conscious. Meanwhile Chrissy (who had a crush on him and refused to admit) is going to see him throughout the semester and in different states of undress.

[urfavsho]

Hacketts Quarry summer love

Fluff

Rylan

2.2k words

Okay so i totally got this idea from this post!

I think it would be fun to try and challenge myself to write some bits and pieces i think would have happened to their relationship over the two month period!! So here i am..attempting that idea. It’s kinda in the form of multiple one-shots? However, it’s been a long time since i’ve written so if its horrible, i apologize profusely <3

Day One of Camp

Starting P.O.V: dylan

Dylans been on a cramped mini-van with the other counselors for about an hour or two now, Hes yet to learn all of their names yet, but two of the counselors stuck out to him. Ryan and Kaitlyn. They had a sort of enticing energy to them, the vibe where you could spend hours talking about how mysterious and interesting the two seemed; Kaitlyn had a very loud, spunky, and no cares given personality to her, whilst Ryan was a loner and rather vague dude.

Dylan looked around inside the mini-van as he soon realized that they were close to Hacketts Quarry, unplugging his headphones and turning the phone off to look out the windows at the scenery presenting itself before himself. The soft orange shimmer of the sun was beautifully illuminating the agricultural landscape, it was comforting to see the squirrels run across the bushes every now and than, to see all of the animals in the vast forest of Hacketts.

“ Wow..this is perfect!! ” a semi-loud voice yanked Dylan out of his daydreaming as he began to look around himself. Abigail, or Abi for short, was the one who broke the loud silence in the car; she grabbed her sketchbook out of her bag and started drawing away. Dylan decided to inch closer towards her and watch her etch away on the paper “ You know..you’re like..uh..Picasso! “ He said out loud, Dylan was trying to start a conversation, but with the snort and weird look she gave him..it’s a 50/50 chance on whether or not it was effective.

“ Alright counselors! We are here at THE Hacketts Quarry! “ Mr. Hs’ voice boomed and the van soon slowed to a stop infront of the lodge. Dylan waited his turn as everyone soon piled out of the van, the last one out before Dylan was Ryan. The pairs hands slightly grazed one another as they got out of the van, a rush of electricity bolted up Dylan’s body and he felt a hot blush rise to his face. This was the first time when Dylan could remember a deeper attraction developing on Ryan.

Week 2 of camp

Starting P.O.V: Ryan

It’s been about two weeks since Ryan has been at camp. As Ryan begun to teach the younger kids and campers about sailing techniques. However, today was different, he had to do some of the scheduling plans with Dylan. The loner woke up early today, around 6:15 am, and got ready. The duo decided to meet up in the library today, however, it was mainly Dylan who coordinated the meetup, Ryan had expected an outdoor area so he was grateful Dylan had chosen a calm area. After a few minutes of walking around the camp, Ryan soon made it to the library and saw Dylan waiting for him. Dylan had a flower-style hairpin in his hair to hold his bangs back, a bunch of notebooks scattered around the table ,and some apple juice boxes. It was a sight to see.

“ Yo Dylan, ” Ryan said as he approached him, the tall boy smiled and leaned back in his chair. “ Wassup, big guy! ” Dylan responded with a cheerful grin, Ryan rolled his eyes and sat down next to him before grabbing his own schedule book out along with pens and other various items “ ..So we’re scheduling out this week’s sailing plans right? ” Ryan asked as he soon trailed off and admired Dylan’s colorful organization of notes, they were color-coded, sticker coded in a way, and everything had little bulletin points underneath to explain something further; the organization wasn’t just for schedules, but it also was for improvement ideas for certain areas of camp, activities for the kids, gift bags to be made at the end of the summer, and even every counselor/campers birthday so he remembered. Ryan was sure there was more to be found within the countless books, but- “ Ryan! ”

Oh. Right. Ryan snapped back into focus and looked at Dylan “ Yes? ” Dylan rolled his eyes and laughed, his hands came up to slightly cover his smile. It was the sweetest smile Ryan had ever seen. “ Okay, so the reason you are here with me today is so we can get that messy brain of yours under control ! ” As Dylan continued explained why Ryan needed to be organized, Ryan felt himself getting lost more and more in the taller boys big, beautiful brown eyes, he had light freckles dusting his cheeks. Ryan had never noticed that til today. Their knees slowly grew closer and closer over the time they spent as the pair made sure to schedule the “sailing” plans.

Week 4 of Camp

P.O.V: Dylan and Ryan

Two weeks after their last encounter, Mr.H had announced to Dylan to promote the swim party happening tomorrow. Of course, Dylan broadcasted the exciting event during the daily morning announcements, he explained all of the details and fun activities happening at the party. The campers were eager for the next day to come, they couldn’t wait and kept pestering Dylan about what food was going to be at the party if they could do a bonfire afterward, and even asked if they could roast marshmallows! Ryan soon picked up on the consistent questioning from the ecstatic kids, he quickly stepped in to try and ease the pressure from Dylan.

“ Hey, if you monsters don’t stop asking about the party I might have to cancel it. So head out to the lodge for lunch. “ Ryan quickly remarked in a teasing tone, instant whines and groans came from the campers as they scurried off into the lodge. Dylan stared at Ryan for a second before he reached and gently patted the boys shoulder, a bright smile resting on the taller boy’s face. “ Haha..thanks for the help!! Those kids can be SO persistent. “ Dylan thanked Ryan and began to retract his hand before running a few fingers in his own hair. “ They just can’t resist Dylan. “ Ryan glanced up at Dylan slightly and let out a short chuckle, he shook his head and walked away.

“ Yup. “As dylan watched Ryan walk away he felt a quick increase in the patter of his heart, did he really just make THE Ryan Ezrahler laugh and smile? He must dreaming!! Dylan laughed to himself and patted his hands against the sides of his legs, he felt a heat rising to his cheeks as he indulged more and more into the thought of Ryan. “ Dylan! “ Kaitlyns loud voice awoke Dylan out of his thoughts and he cleared his throat before looking over at her. “ Oh! Uhm, yes? “ Dylan said as he saw Kaitlyn shake her head before she started to tell Dylan that he needed to come into the lodge and eat.

Week 6 of camp

Starting P.O.V : Ryan

The morning was easy and slow enough, Ryan didn’t have any “classes” starting til around 11:30 so he decided to take it easy and listen to his new podcast obsession, Bizarre Yet Bonafide. As Ryan started his walk around the camp he came across Dylan’s small group of counselors (around 8 kids) Ryan wondered what they were doing out and about on the rocky road trail, the nature walks weren’t planned for another two days.

Deciding to end his pointless wondering, Ryan walked up to the group and stood off to the side as he listened to Dylan ramble on about how the group was going to surprise Abi with the sticks, rocks, and leaves for some sort of art activity. Listening to the taller boy talk with so much passion was a new perspective for Ryan, most of the time Dylan could be perceived as a quick, witty, smart-ass so seeing him take a more appreciative approach to something was a completely unexpected experience to witness. Eventually, Dylan realized Ryan standing off to the side of the group and stammered mid-sentence. “ And that’s why- oh! Uh, hi Ryan “ The words came out as a jam before Ryan interrupted him. “ I was just wondering what you were doing, but after 5 minutes of you talking. I think i got my answer “ Ryan’s words came out rude, but his tone was rather sweet in a way. “Oh yeah, that makes sense..” Dylan diverted his eyes away from Ryan’s and scratched the back of his neck in embarrassment.

“ Well if you want to join us you can? “ Dylan’s suggestion of joining the group surprised Ryan, he stood for a moment before shrugging and walking up closer to Dylan and the group. “ Sure, why the hell not? “ The words spoken by Ryan made the youngsters gasp and make various Ooos, Ahhs, and giggles, Dylan himself joined in on the teasing and he gently nudged Ryan. “ That goes against camp policy sir, watch the tongue! “

The teasing normally would have been slightly annoying to Ryan, but he didn’t feel any discomfort from the comments, just more of a warm fuzzy feeling. The group, now with a new member, finished their scavenger hunt for the gift to Abi and headed their way to the Art Cabin. Ryan and Dylan unlocked the door, made sure everyone made it in and they started to put together the gift basket of various leaves, rocks, sticks, and flowers. Once finished, Ryan took a step back with the kids and smiled softly “ Nice. “ he said quietly before turning around and giving all the kids high-fives for their hard work “ Go to the cafeteria, I’ll get you guys some juice boxes for your hard work “ Ryans offer made the kids smile and cheer in excitement as they piled out of the room and headed over to the cafeteria. Sighing in relief, Ryan turned to face Dylan and leaned against one of the desks slightly. “ We did awesome huh? “ Dylan asked Ryan with a shit-eating grin, Ryan tilted his head slightly and nodded in agreement. “ Yup. “

And that’s it!! I could write way more, but i feel like i’ve already gotten sort of ooc for these two. I enjoyed writing it a lot, there’s so much fluff opportunities for these two dorks so i love mixing the pot and making some!! Hope you enjoyed and leave any tips or criticisms in the comments <3

[mecainfo]

Bulletin Technique HYUNDAI TUCSON (JM)

Veuillez trouver dans cet article un bulletin technique spécifique à la Marque HYUNDAI Modéle TUCSON (JM) , Version 2.0 (G4GC) 104 KW 141 CV 1975 Cm3 .

Ce bulletin a été spécialement conçu pour vous offrir des procédures détaillées et des instructions claires, afin de vous accompagner efficacement dans vos travaux de maintenance et de résolution des problèmes.

SYMPTÔMES

P0011 – Position A de l’arbre à cames. Synchronisation avancée ou hors plage. Défaut du système.

P0021 – Capteur de position de l’arbre à ca- mes. Performance avancée (Banc 2).

-Le véhicule présente un ou plusieurs des codes d’erreur ci-dessus.

-Codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande du moteur.

-Voyant indicateur de dysfonctionnement du moteur (MIL) allumé.

-Ralenti instable.

-Mauvaise accélération.

-Perte de puissance.

-Mauvaise combustion.

-Difficulté à démarrer le moteur.

CAUSES POSSIBLES:

-Défaut de la vanne de distribution variable.

NOTE : ce bulletin d’information ne s’applique qu’aux véhicules équipés d’un système de contrôle de la distribution variable.

NOTE : les codes d’erreur énumérés peuvent être accompagnés d’autres codes d’erreur liés à la distribution variable.

Procédure de réparation :

Effectuer la lecture des codes d’erreur enregistrés dans l’unité de commande du moteur à l’aide de l’outil de diagnostic.

Confirmer que les codes d’erreur relatifs à la vanne de distribution variable sont enregistrés.

Confirmer que les symptômes mentionnés dans le champ de symptômes de ce bulletin sont reproduits .

Vérifier l’état de la vanne de distribution variable et de la connexion (rouille sur les contacts).

Vérifier l’état du câblage de la vanne de distribution variable, le réparer si nécessaire.

Vérifier que la vanne de distribution variable est alimentée par une pression d’huile correcte et qu’elle n’est pas obstruée.

Débrancher la vanne de distribution variable.

•  Vérifier la résistance entre les deux broches du connecteur à une température ambiante de 20 °C:

–Siemens : résistance entre 6,8 et 8 Ohm.

–Denso : résistance entre 6,9 et 7,9 Ohm.

–Delphi : résistance entre 6,7 et 7,7 Ohm.

Remplacer la vanne de distribution variable si les valeurs ne sont pas correctes.

Démonter la vanne de distribution variable si les valeurs sont correctes.

Vérifier que la valve de distribution variable n’est pas endommagée mécaniquement ou qu’il n’y a pas de copeaux métalliques, la nettoyer avec de l’air comprimé ou la remplacer si nécessaire. (Voir image 1 ) .

Voir image :

Notre objectif est de vous fournir un guide complet et fiable, et n’hésitez pas à contacter la Hotline de Mecainfo afin de trouver des solutions à vos pannes les plus complexes .

Pour plus d’informations , visitez notre site : https://mecainfo.com/

[mr-froggio]

1/6 days before hoa quiz!

my study technique while studying history is basically like telling a story, from the beginning to the present time. since everything is history is connected to each other, its rlly easier that way.

anw, i badly need a copy of textbook of this book, but its not available online T_T, so I'll stick to bulletin points of powerpoint.

I have 3 references as I study, 1) my notebook during lecture, 2) tablet for the ppt, 3) photo from the whiteboard, its kinda lot bcos i need to make i understand everything, and i won't fail! (100 points, 50 items).

Energy is vital as we study, thankful for my mom for the cookies and ofc water bottle! water is the key.

gl to everyone!

[maximumwobblerbanditdonut]

Joaquin Phoenix takes the crown. Watch the new trailer for #Napoleon, from acclaimed director Ridley Scott.

Now, a new historical drama is on screens. Napoleon tackles the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte from a humble soldier and swift, ruthless climb to the Emperor of France. Directed by Ridley Scott, the film centres on his rise to power, a look at the military commander's origins until he became emperor, is viewed through the prism of his addictive and volatile relationship with his one true love, Josephine de Beauharnais, who later became Napoleon’s influential wife.

Napoleon was well-trained in military affairs and developed brilliant skills as a strategist. The Grande Armée was the main military component of the French Imperial Army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte.

In 1800 Napoleon permanently organised the army, and he invented the corps system (corps d'armée) that is still used today. These were sub-divisions of the main army, with independence in the larger strategic picture. They had their supply chain and were each commanded by one of Napoleon's vaunted Marshalls. Each corps had its' own infantry regiments, its' cavalry squadrons, organic artillery and, this was unheard of before Napoleon.

The classic Napoleonic manoeuvre technique was the so-called “manoeuvre sur les derrieres”. In its ideal form, one corps, having made contact with the enemy, would conduct a feint to the enemy's front, while the main force would fall on the enemy's rear.

Napoleon reorganised French education and sponsored the Napoleonic Code, a model of later civil law codes. His driving passion, however, was to expand French dominion through military conquest. Napoleon's degree of embellishment in his public relations bulletins in the wake of his victories was designed to contribute to his legend.

Napoleon is exclusively in cinemas November 22. See it in Premium Large Formats, Screen X, 70mm and IMAX.

Can't wait to go see this film 🍿

#Napoleon #JoaquinPhoenix #RidleyScott #militarycommander #JosephinedeBeauharnais #EmperorofFrance #soldier #historicaldrama #Marshalls #corpsd'armée #army #war

[explainlearning]

Study Group Start-Up Proven Techniques for Success

The weight of textbooks, looming deadlines, and the ever-present pressure to perform can leave even the most dedicated student feeling overwhelmed. But fear not! There’s a powerful weapon in your academic arsenal – the Study Group.

A well-functioning study group can be a game-changer, offering a supportive environment for collaborative learning, enhanced comprehension, and a much-needed boost in motivation. However, starting a study group and maintaining its effectiveness requires planning and strategic execution. This guide equips you with the knowledge and tools to launch a best study group experience that propels you and your peers towards academic success.

Building the Foundation: The Right Group Matters

The first step in establishing a successful study group lies in assembling the right team. Here’s what to consider:

Shared Goals and Objectives: Are you all struggling with the same challenging course? Or are you looking for a broader support system encompassing multiple subjects? A clear understanding of the group’s purpose ensures everyone is aligned and focused on achieving common goals.

Complementary Learning Styles: Do you learn best visually, through hands-on activities, or by listening to explanations? A diverse group with varied learning styles fosters a richer learning environment, allowing everyone to benefit from different perspectives and approaches.

Commitment and Focus: Seek out individuals who share your dedication to academic success. A group with focused and responsible members is more likely to remain productive and achieve positive outcomes.

Finding Your Tribe: Strategies for Assembling Your Group

Once you have a clear vision for your study group, explore various avenues to find compatible peers:

Classmates and Friends: Connect with classmates in your courses and inquire if they’re interested in forming a study group.

University Resources: Many universities offer student support services that facilitate study group formation. Check with your academic advisor, student success center, or department bulletin boards.

Online Platforms: Utilize online platforms like Facebook groups or dedicated study group matching services to connect with students sharing similar academic needs.

Subject-Specific Clubs or Organizations: Joining subject-specific clubs or organizations can connect you with passionate peers, fostering potential study group connections.

Setting Up for Success: Essential Groundwork

With your group assembled, it’s time to establish the framework for a thriving study experience:

Establish Clear Goals: Outline the objectives for each study session, whether it’s preparing for an exam, reviewing specific topics, or tackling practice problems together. Setting clear goals ensures focused discussions and efficient use of time.

Schedule and Location: Determine a consistent time and location that works for everyone in the group. Consider finding a quiet study space like a library, empty classroom, or dedicated study area at someone’s home to minimize distractions.

Communication Expectations: Discuss preferred communication methods for outside of study sessions. This could involve email chains, group chats, or online platforms like Explain Learning which offer dedicated communication functionalities for study groups.

Structure and Strategies: Making Your Group Sessions Count

Now, let’s delve into the heart of a successful study group – your actual sessions! Here’s how to structure them for maximum effectiveness:

Create an Agenda: Develop a flexible agenda outlining the topics you’ll cover, allowing everyone to come prepared with questions or specific areas needing clarification. This ensures everyone arrives focused and ready to contribute.

Rotate Roles: Consider assigning roles like discussion leader, note-taker, or timekeeper to maintain engagement and shared responsibility. This can also offer valuable leadership experience and strengthen communication skills.

Embrace Active Learning: Move beyond passive textbook discussions. Incorporate active learning techniques like practice problems, brainstorming sessions, explaining concepts to each other, or utilizing Explain Learning’s interactive learning materials to solidify understanding.

Maintaining Momentum: Keys to a Long-Lasting Group

Building a study group is just the first step. Here’s how to cultivate a supportive and cohesive group over the long term:

Celebrate Successes: Acknowledge and celebrate individual and collective achievements. This fosters a positive learning environment and motivates everyone to keep pushing forward.

Open Communication and Respect: Encourage honest feedback and open communication within the group. Respect diverse perspectives and learning styles to maintain a positive dynamic.

Address Challenges Proactively: Don’t shy away from addressing challenges. If someone falls behind or struggles with the material, offer constructive support and work together to find solutions.

Explain Learning: Your Partner in Effective Group Study

Explain Learning understands the transformative power of group learning and offers a wealth of resources to empower your study group and maximize its effectiveness:

Comprehensive Video Explanations: Our platform features in-depth video explanations for a wide range of subjects. Utilize these resources before or during study sessions to clarify concepts, enhance understanding, and provide a springboard for group discussions.

Interactive Practice Problems: Reinforce learning through a vast library of interactive practice problems aligned with various curricula. Working through these problems together as a group allows you to identify areas requiring additional focus, test comprehension, and solidify knowledge retention.

Flashcards and Learning Games: Gamified learning can make studying more engaging, especially for a group setting. Utilize Explain Learning’s flashcard creator and interactive learning games to transform rote memorization into an enjoyable and collaborative experience.

Shared Whiteboards and Notes: Our online whiteboards facilitate real-time collaboration, allowing your group to brainstorm ideas, visually represent complex concepts, and capture key takeaways during study sessions.

Dedicated Communication Tools: Explain Learning offers communication functionalities perfect for study groups. Chat with your group members, share resources, and stay connected outside of study sessions, fostering a supportive learning community.

Conclusion: Building a Thriving Learning Community Together

A successful study group is more than just a collection of students gathered around a table. It’s a group study community built on shared goals, mutual support, and a commitment to learning from each other. By following the strategies outlined in this guide and utilizing the resources offered by Explain Learning, you can transform your study group into a powerful tool for academic achievement and personal growth.

Remember:

Focus on active learning and collaborative problem-solving.

Embrace diverse perspectives and learning styles.

Maintain open communication and respect within the group.

Celebrate successes and address challenges together.

With dedication and the right tools, your study group can become an invaluable asset on your academic journey. Sign up for Explain Learning today and unlock a world of resources designed to empower your group learning experience!

Together, let’s turn your study group start-up into a resounding success!

Know more https://explainlearning.com/blog/study-group-start-up-techniques-success/

[dufferpuffer]

One of my favourite headcanons is that Sirius Black was a fan of Muggles. He hated pureblood ideology so much that he went the opposite way "Whats so special about being a pureblood wizard, mother!? Half-bloods are just as good - MUGGLEBORNS are just as good... hell, even MUGGLES seem to be doing alright for themselves!" He liked Muggle cooking - he had a book on it even. (Knowledge that came in handy when he was fresh out of Azkaban without a wand) He liked survivalist techniques, he was magically untraceable with his non-magical knowledge mixed with his dog body. He would challenge himself to go days without using his wand, just for fun. He had many, many chats with Arthur Weasley on how muggle technology had changed while he was in prison. Tours through Arthur's shed where they played with bits and bobs late into the night, driving Molly mad. One of the first things Remus and Sirius bonded over as teenagers was Remus showing him muggle music, them both getting into Queen and Bowie, Sirius becoming obsessed with Deep Purple and Black Sabbath... He didn't hear any music for 12 years. Then when he got out... one of the first things they bonded over again was Remus showing him his cassette tape collection, even giving Sirius his walkman. "Wow... Muggles have really worked out how to make music compact, huh?" (wait till he hears about compact discs) Trapped in his big lonely house, mostly by himself... he got a COMPUTER. Did he know how to use it properly? Absolutely fucking not - at first... But then he was connecting to bulletin boards. Then he was playing DOOM. Then he was showing anyone who would look the funky little things he was programming in BASIC. "It's alot like casting a complex charm, really-!" ... And so, in any AU I can imagine where Sirius survives, or becomes a teacher to keep an eye on Harry... I imagine him as a Muggle Studies teacher. Perhaps the first, or one of only a few, Purebloods to take the position.

[ataribbs]

When design and story telling come together in Atascii. Atari has a unique graphic technique using Atascii and motion in its data processing. These stories are presented in a Social Community bulletin board system, BBS. The original social network online accessible by telnet

[s12023artnum]

La révolution numérique de l'art: des bienfaits incontestables

Dans un monde où la technologie et l'art se conjuguent de plus en plus, la reproduction de l'art numérique est devenue une pratique répandue et admirée. Grâce à l'utilisation d'outils numériques tels que les logiciels de retouche d'images et de création graphique, cette forme d'art permet une reproduction simple et précise, ouvrant ainsi la voie à de nombreuses possibilités. Cependant la question de son populisme tant à être étudier.

La reproduction de l'art numérique présente des avantages considérables. Tout d'abord, elle engendre une accessibilité accrue à l'art. Les artistes peuvent désormais partager leurs créations avec le monde entier en seulement quelques clics. Cette démocratisation offre ainsi une visibilité plus importante aux artistes, tout en leur permettant d'atteindre un public beaucoup plus large.

De plus, la reproduction de l'art numérique facilite la préservation des œuvres. Grâce à la multitude de formats numériques disponibles, l'art numérique peut être conservé à long terme, contrairement aux œuvres sur papier ou sur toile qui risquent de se détériorer avec le temps. Cette préservation assure que les générations futures puissent également profiter et étudier ces créations artistiques, contribuant ainsi à la documentation et à l'appréciation du patrimoine culturel.

Enfin, la reproduction de l'art numérique encourage la créativité et l'innovation. En permettant aux artistes de reproduire et de modifier leurs propres créations numériques, cette pratique suscite une liberté créative sans limite. Les artistes peuvent ainsi explorer de nouvelles techniques, développer de nouvelles idées et repousser les limites de l'art numérique. La reproduction numérique offre également la possibilité de fusionner différents styles artistiques, d'intégrer des éléments interactifs et de jouer avec les couleurs et les textures.

En somme, la reproduction de l'art numérique apporte de nombreux bienfaits. Elle rend l'art plus accessible, permet aux amateurs de posséder des exemplaires authentiques et à prix abordable, facilite la conservation des œuvres à long terme et stimule la créativité et l'innovation des artistes. Grâce à cette nouvelle ère de reproduction numérique, l'art est en train de se réinventer et de toucher un public plus vaste que jamais auparavant.

Sources article :

Qu'est-ce qu'une reproduction numérique? (Francoise-nielly.com)

L’œuvre d’art à l’époque de sa reproduction numérisée | Bulletin des bibliothèques de France (enssib.fr)

Le musée du Louvre rend ses collections téléchargeables (la-croix.com)

Sources photos :

https://www.cnews.fr/culture/2013-06-04/musee-du-louvre-la-joconde-devoile-enfin-son-vrai-visage-480777

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Joconde#/media/Fichier:Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_natural_color.jpg

Par Morgane Porté