#chronostratigraphy

[mineralsrocksandfossiltalks]

WORDPLAY WEDNESDAY: STRATIGRAPHY

Stratigraphy is an important piece of vocabulary for paleontology. It is a branch of geology concerned with the relative position of strata (rock layers) and their relationship to the geologic time scale. It is primarily used for sedimentary and igneous rocks (metamorphic rocks don't tend to layer).

Nicolas Steno, a Catholic priest, established the basis for stratigraphy by introducing the Law of Superposition, the Principle of Original Horizontality, and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.

In other words, all rocks are deposited horizontally,

are laterally continuous,

and the oldest rocks are on the bottom.

There are three major branches of stratigraphy: lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy.

Lithostratigraphy looks at the variations in lithology (physical characteristics of rocks) such as vertical and lateral bedding, and reflects changes in depositional environment (river, lake, desert).

Biostratigraphy correlates rock layers using fossils. This is based off of William Smith's Principle of Faunal Succession.

wherein fossils flora and fauna succeed each other in vertical layers and can be found over wide horizontal distances.

Lastly, there is chronostratigraphy which aims to put an absolute date (an actual number) rather than a relative date on rock strata. This means we can tell you where on the geologic time scale a formation belongs as shown below.

I personally love stratigraphy. It involves a lot of rigorous outdoor adventuring including hiking, mapping, drawing, picture-taking, and sample collection. In fact, I am currently working on a stratigraphic paper for our Evil Tree Bonebed. It's taken a few years but we should be done soon! I'll share when we are finally published!

[studyhubnet]

Guide to Chronostratigraphy and the Geological Time Scale: From Chronostratigraphic Units to Modern Dating Techniques

Chronostratigraphy Introduction Lithology (Lithostratigraphy): The stratigraphic units described in the preceding lectures are rock units distinguished by: Magnetic characteristics Fossil content (Biostratigraphy) Seismic reflection characteristics To interpret Earth’s history, stratigraphic units must be related to geologic time. The ages of rock units must be known. Chronostratigraphy:…

[venicepearl]

Holker Hall is a privately owned country house located about 2 km to the southwest of the village of Cartmel in the ceremonial county of Cumbria and historic county of Lancashire, England. It is "the grandest of its date in Lancashire ...by the best architects then living in the county." The building dates from the 16th century, with alterations, additions, and rebuilding in the 18th and 19th centuries. The 19th century rebuilding was by George Webster in Jacobean Revival style and subsequent renovations were by E. G. Paley. Hubert Austin had a joint practice with Paley by the 1870s and they both rebuilt the west wing after it was destroyed by a major fire in 1871, only a decade after Paley's previous work on the structure. The fire also destroyed a number of notable artworks. Holker Hall is Paley and Austin's "most important country house commission." The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner expressed the opinion that the west wing is the "outstanding domestic work" of Paley and Austin. In 1970 the hall itself, together with its terrace wall, were designated Grade II* Listed buildings. The house stands in an estate of about 80 hectares, and is surrounded by formal gardens, parkland and woodland. Within the grounds are six structures listed at Grade II.

Since becoming a private house following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the estate has never been sold, having passed by inheritance from the Preston family to the Lowther family, and then to the Cavendish family. The house and grounds are open to the public at advertised times on payment of an admission fee.

In chronostratigraphy, the British sub-stage of the Carboniferous period, the "Holkerian" derives its name from Holker Hall.

[anexceptionallysimpletheory]

Word of the Day

chronostratigraphy

noun 

the branch of geology concerned with establishing the absolute ages of strata. 

DERIVATIVES 

chronostratigraphic adjective

[silhouettecrow]

365 Days of Writing Prompts: Day 143

Adjective: Slow

Noun: Epoch

Definitions for those who need/want them:

Slow: moving or operating, or designed to do so, only at a low speed, or not quick or fast; taking a long time to perform a specified action; lasting or taking a long time; not allowing or intended for fast travel; (of a playing field) likely to make the ball bounce or run slowly or to prevent competitors from traveling fast; (of a clock or watch) showing a time earlier than the correct time; not prompt to understand, think, or learn; uneventful and rather dull; (of business) with little activity, or slack; created or done using sustainable or traditional methods, as opposed to those of mass industry, and intended to be appreciated unhurriedly or used extensively; (of a form of art or entertainment) inviting deep contemplation or quiet reflection, and having a subtle, minimalist style; (photography) (of a film) needing long exposure; (of a lens) having a small aperture; (of a fire or oven) burning or giving off heat gently

Epoch: a period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics; the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of someone or something; (geology) a division of time that is a subdivision of a period and is itself subdivided into ages, corresponding to a series in chronostratigraphy; (astronomy) an arbitrarily fixed date relative to which planetary or stellar measurements are expressed

[tipsycad147]

Pendle Hill

Pendle Hill is in the east of Lancashire, England, near the towns of Burnley, Nelson, Colne, Clitheroe and Padiham. Its summit is 557 metres (1,827 ft) above mean sea level. It gives its name to the Borough of Pendle. It is an isolated hill in the Pennines, separated from the South Pennines to the east, the Bowland Fells to the northwest, and the West Pennine Moors to the south. It is included in detached part of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[2]

History

The name "Pendle Hill" combines the words for hill from three different languages (as does Bredon Hill in Worcestershire). In the 13th century it was called Pennul or Penhul, apparently from the Cumbric pen and Old English hyll, both meaning "hill". The modern English "hill" was appended later, after the original meaning of Pendle had become opaque.[3]

A Bronze Age burial site has been discovered at the summit of the hill.[4][better source needed]

The hill is also famous for its links to three events which took place in the 17th century: the Pendle witch trials (1612), Richard Towneley's barometer experiment (1661), and the vision of George Fox (1652), which led to the foundation of the Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) movement.[5]

Quakers

In his autobiography, George Fox said he had a vision on Pendle Hill in 1652, during the early years of the Quakers:

As we travelled, we came near a very great hill, called Pendle Hill, and I was moved of the Lord to go up to the top of it; which I did with difficulty, it was so very steep and high. When I was come to the top, I saw the sea bordering upon Lancashire. From the top of this hill the Lord let me see in what places he had a great people to be gathered.

Pendle continues to be linked to the Quakers, who use the name for the Pendle Hill Quaker Center for Study and Contemplation near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[6]

Witches and the supernatural

The story of the Pendle witches is a notorious and well-documented example of cases brought against alleged witches in 17th-century England.[7] The hill continues to be associated with witchcraft; large numbers[citation needed] of visitors climb it every Halloween, although in recent years people have been discouraged by the authorities.

The area is popular with ghost hunters after Living channel's show Most Haunted visited it for a live investigation on Halloween 2004.[8] The show's presenter, Yvette Fielding, said it was the scariest episode they had made.

Pendle Hill and the surrounding area are the setting for 1951's classic Mist Over Pendle by Robert Neill, and also for the fourth book in Joseph Delaney's The Wardstone Chronicles, called The Spook's Battle.

"The Witchfinders", the eighth episode of the eleventh series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, takes place during the 17th-century Pendle witch trials.

To mark the 400th anniversary, local artist Philippe Handford, created a huge installation by putting '1612' on the side of Pendle Hill using 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) of horticultural fleece.[when?][9]

Geography

Topography

Pendle Hill is separated from the nearby main bulk of the Bowland Fells by the River Ribble. This isolation means that Pendle Hill is in fact the most prominent child summit of Kinder Scout, far away in the Peak District, rather than a child of Ward's Stone, the highest point in Bowland.[1]

Pendle Water, which runs through Ogden Clough, has its source on the summit plateau, heading southwest before turning back to the east as it falls into the Ogden valley. It joins the Lancashire Calder near Burnley, a few miles upstream from the confluence with Sabden Brook, which drains the southwest slopes of the hill. Mearley Brook cuts a large clough onto the northwest face, with its tributaries and those of Pendleton Brook draining this side directly into the River Ribble.[10]

Geology

The sloping plateau summit of Pendle Hill is formed from the Pendle Grit, a coarse Carboniferous age sandstone assigned to the Millstone Grit Group. It overlies a thick sequence of Carboniferous Limestone beds.[11] In chronostratigraphy, the British sub-stage of the Carboniferous period, the 'Pendleian' derives its name from Pendle Hill where an exposure in Light Clough is taken as the type locality.[12][13]

Much of the lower slopes are mantled by thick deposits of glacial till or boulder clay dating from the last Ice Age. The historic decomposition of sphagnum moss on the hill has led to it being covered in peat.

The steep slopes of its eastern and southern flanks have given rise to a series of landslips.

A panoramic image of Pendle Hill in 2012 showing the northeast slopes, known as the Big End, overlooking Black Moss Reservoirs on the edge of Barley-with-Wheatley Booth. The footpath from Barley (not pictured) to the summit can be seen ascending from left to right. (The full-size image is 10 times larger.)

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Pendle_Hill

[flavorfulstupot]

1.      We include all the maps, figures, and tables within the 2500-word count as mentioned in the marking rubric.

2.      We use several Geological and Geographical terms in the report like chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy etc and explain them in detail. We also make it a point to use capitals, wherever needed like Santos Basin, Urucutuca Formation, etc. Read more at Petroleum Engineering Tutors

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Inkayacu paracasensis

By José Carlos Cortés 

Etymology: King of the Water

First Described By: Clarke et al., 2010

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoromorpha, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostaylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Neognathae, Neoaves, Aequorlitornithes, Ardeae, Aequornithes, Austrodyptornithes, Sphenisciformes, Spheniscidae

Status: Extinct

Time and Place: Between 37.2 and 33.9 million years ago, in the Priabonian age of the Eocene of the Paleogene 

Inkayacu is known from Yumaque Point of the Otuma Formation in Ica, Peru 

Physical Description: Inkayacu was an extinct penguin, and had a lot of similar traits to other extinct penguins - though resembling modern forms, extinct ones were unique in having extremely large bill size and just large body size in general. Inkayacu was about 1.5 meters long, which is a significant jump from the biggest living penguin (the Emperor Penguin at 1.2 meters long), and Inkayacu wasn’t even the biggest penguin at the time. It had a long, pointed bill, much longer than those seen on living members of the group. And - uniquely - we know the color of Inkayacu! Unlike living penguins, which are all varying shades of black and white with some splashes of other colors elsewhere, Inkayacu was grey and brown. We only known these colors form the flippers (wings), which show grey backs of the flipper and brown fronts, but it’s reasonable to suppose this pattern would follow the patterns of living penguins, where the color of the back of the flipper extends throughout the back of the animal, and the color of the front extends to the front. Thus, we depict Inkayacu with a grey back and a brown front, but this is still a conjecture. The melanosomes are similar to modern birds, long and narrow within the feathers - living penguins actually have wider ones. Other than that, the feathers of Inkayacu are similar to modern penguins in other ways, indicating that it had the same aquatic lifestyle. As such, it was flightless.

Diet: Inkayacu, like other penguins, would have fed on a wide variety of fish and aquatic invertebrates. 

Icadyptes and Inkayacu by Apokryltaros, CC BY-SA 3.0 

Behavior: Though shaped in a lot of ways like living penguins, Inkayacu was different in a number of ways. It had fewer melanosomes in its feathers than living penguins - and these melanosomes provide rigidity in modern penguin feathers that help with deep-sea diving. Without such melanosomes, Inkayacu might not have been as well adapted to deep diving. Still, it was clearly adapted for spending its life in the sea, diving and sea-flying all over its habitat. It would have used its long beak to stab and grab food, especially slippery food that might be hard to get a grip on. Using its flippers, it could propel itself through the water. Its feet were small and not good for moving, so on land it would probably waddle. This is not an uncommon bird to find, fossil-wise, and so it stands to reason that it would have been very social like living penguins. It would have probably laid its eggs on land, and took care of its young with mated partners. Given it lived in Peru, in the Eocene, it was more adapted for warm weather than cold, and wouldn’t have ventured very far south. 

By Julio Lacerda, used with permission from Earth Archives 

Ecosystem: Inkayacu lived along the Pervuian Priabonian coast, the Western coast of South America right as the global rainforest of the Eocene was collapsing and being replaced with more varying and arid climates. This was also a time of notable climate change and effects on the ocean, leading to a small mass extinction (especially in the oceans) at this time - killing off many iconic forms, including proto-whales. The conditions of this mass extinction actually allowed the penguins to flourish, and Inkayacu was a part of that flourishing. Inkayacu lived alongside proto-whales like Cynthiacetus and Mystacodon - a toothed baleen whale. Inkayacu wasn’t the only penguin in this area, but was joined by the larger and longer-beaked Icadyptes. As for proper fish, there were ray-finned fish like Engraulis and Sardinops, and unnamed sharks. There may have also been the marine snake Pterosphenus. There were many kinds of invertebrates as well. Inkayacu would probably have had to look out for the sharks and whales, though the fish would have had to look out for it! The coast that Inkayacu would have spent its time on would probably have been more rocky than sandy, though it’s uncertain either way. 

By Ripley Cook 

Other: Inkayacu is very closely related to living penguins and is just outside the group of modern penguins and their closest relatives, so it showcases the evolution of penguins towards what we’re familiar with today. It’s interesting to note that short beaks seem to be characteristic of the modern crown group of penguins, and that long beaks were found in penguins even as close to the crown group as Inkayacu.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources under the Cut 

Acosta Hospitaleche, C., and M. Stucchi. 2005. Nuevos restos terciarios de Spheniscidae (Aves, sphenisciformes) procedentes de la Costa del Peru. Revista española de paleontología 20(1):1-5

Clarke, J.A.; Ksepka, D.T.; Stucchi, M.; Urbina, M.; Giannini, N.; Bertelli, S.; Narváez, Y.; Boyd, C.A. (2007). "Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between biogeography, diversity, and Cenozoic climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (28): 11545–11550.

Clarke, J. A., D. T. Ksepka, R. Salas-Gismondi, A. J. Altamirano, M. D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba, J. Vinther, T. J. DeVries, and P. Baby. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and color of penguin feathers. Science 330

Hoffstetter, R. 1958. Un serpent marin du genre Pterosphenus (Pt. Sheppardi nov. sp.) dans L’Éocène supérieur de L’Équateur (Amérique de Sud). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 6:45-50

Hooker, J.J.; Collinson, M.E.; Sille, N.P. (2004). "Eocene-Oligocene mammalian faunal turnover in the Hampshire Basin, UK: calibration to the global time scale and the major cooling event". Journal of the Geological Society. 161 (2): 161–172.

Ivany, Linda C.; Patterson, William P.; Lohmann, Kyger C. (2000). "Cooler winters as a possible cause of mass extinctions at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary". Nature. 407 (6806): 887–890.

Köhler, M; Moyà-Solà, S (December 1999). "A finding of oligocene primates on the European continent". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (25): 14664–7.

Li, Y. X.; Jiao, W. J.; Liu, Z. H.; Jin, J. H.; Wang, D. H.; He, Y. X.; Quan, C. (2016-02-11). "Terrestrial responses of low-latitude Asia to the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition revealed by integrated chronostratigraphy". Clim. Past. 12 (2): 255–272.

Marocco, R., and C. d.e. Muizon. 1988. Los vertebrados del Neogeno de La Costa Sur del Perú: Ambiente sedimentario y condiciones de fosilización. Bulletin de l'Institut Frances d'Etudes Andines 17(2):105-117

Martinez-Cacers, M., and C. de Muizon. 2011. A toothed mysticete from the Middle Eocene to Lower Oligocene of the Pisco Basin, Peru: new data on the origin and feeding evolution of Mysticeti. Sixth Triennial Conference on Secondary Adaptation of Tetrapods to Life in Water 56-57

Molina, Eustoquio; Gonzalvo, Concepción; Ortiz, Silvia; Cruz, Luis E. (2006-02-28). "Foraminiferal turnover across the Eocene–Oligocene transition at Fuente Caldera, southern Spain: No cause–effect relationship between meteorite impacts and extinctions". Marine Micropaleontology. 58 (4): 270–286.  

Shackleton, N. J. (1986-10-01). "Boundaries and Events in the Paleogene Paleogene stable isotope events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 57 (1): 91–102.

Vinther, J., D. E. G. Briggs, R. O. Prum, V. Saranathan. 2008. The colour of fossil feathers. Biology Letters 4 (5): 522 - 525.

Zachos, James C.; Quinn, Terrence M.; Salamy, Karen A. (1996-06-01). "High-resolution (104 years) deep-sea foraminiferal stable isotope records of the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition". Paleoceanography. 11 (3): 251–266.

Zhang, R.; Kravchinsky, V.A.; Yue, L. (2012). "Link between Global Cooling and Mammalian Transformation across the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary in the Continental Interior of Asia]". International Journal of Earth Sciences. 101 (8): 2193–2200.

[geolmt]

Priabonian, late Eocene chronostratigraphy, depositional environment, and paleosol-trace fossil associations, Pipestone Springs, southwest Montana, USA

Priabonian, late Eocene chronostratigraphy, depositional environment, and paleosol-trace fossil associations, Pipestone Springs, southwest Montana, USA

Ischyromys articulated skeleton from late Eocene strata, Pipestone locality, southwest Montana. Finally – the work done by myself and my co-authors, Don Lofgren, Steve Hasiotis, and Bill McIntosh, is published in the new issue of Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (1): 5–20. Our work combines chronostratigraphy with depositional environment interpretations and paleosol-trace fossil associations for…

[jeanbaltsubsta-blog]

How do geologist use relative dating in their work

Chapter 6 Rocks and Fossils Flashcards They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation, and a new setting for the observations of structural geology.  For example, the famous White Cliffs of Dover are on the coast of southeastern England.  Nicolaus steno to determine the principle of a given us understand the relative dating worksheet answer questions we use the past.  What if they are on different continents? Advances in seismology, computer modeling, and mineralogy and crystallography at high temperatures and pressures give insights into the internal composition and structure of the Earth.  The clay has large amount of the element iridium.

Geology Online Subchapter They occur where older rock layers eroded away completely before new rock layers were deposited.  It gets much, much worse for other worlds.  That's why geologic time is usually diagramed in tall columnar diagrams like this.  Relative ages are not numbers.  These foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix.  That something else is impact craters.

How do index fossils determine the age of rocks? A similar situation with igneous rocks occurs when xenoliths are found.  They may cover very broad areas, especially if they formed at the bottom of ancient seas.  Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates.  For example, sulfur smells like rotten eggs.  Gaps in the geologic record, called unconformities, are common where deposition stopped and erosion removed the previously deposited material.  Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.

Fossils,Dating Rocks & Geologic Time Flashcards Rock layers with the same index fossils must have formed at about the same time.  Broadhead, relative-age time periods are two of relative ages of uniformitarianism - absolute geologic events.  Here is a graphic showing the chronostratigraphy for the Moon -- our story for how the Moon changed over geologic time, put in graphic form.  The other way we use craters to age-date surfaces is simply to count the craters.  Long before I understood what any of it meant, I'd daydream in science class, staring at this chart, sounding out the names, wondering what those black-and-white bars meant, wondering what the colors meant, wondering why the divisions were so uneven, knowing it represented some kind of deep, meaningful, systematic organization of scientific knowledge, and hoping I'd have it all figured out one day.  Figure is a different kind of the geologic time scale.  This includes the study of sediment and soils, including studies in geomorphology, sedimentology, and paleoclimatology.

How do geologists use the principles of relative dating to learn about the past In the science of geology, there are two main ways we use to describe how old a thing is or how long ago an event took place.  Subsequent layers would follow the same pattern.  Learning target - processes that occur in order the many useful for various principles.  This law follows two basic assumptions: 1 the beds were originally deposited near horizontal, and 2 the beds were not overturned after their deposition.  Maine Connections Lesson Plans Webquests Videos Games Additional Resources.  As the environment changes, living creatures adapt.

Glad You Asked: How Do Geologists Know How Old a Rock Is? While the oldest known rocks on Earth are about 3.  Links to age dating in petroleum exploration.  Scientists have also made improvements to the standard radiometric measurements.  Trilobites are older than Ammonites.  The principle of original horizontality states that the deposition of sediments occurs as essentially horizontal beds.

Chapter 6 Rocks and Fossils Flashcards Law of Superposition In a sequence of rock strata, the oldest layer will lie below or underneath the youngest.  Index For This Page: I wish this page was unnecessary.  Responsible stewardship of Utah's geologic and energy resources.  Image demonstrating a common use of the principle of lateral continuity Principle of Cross-Cutting tells us that the light colored granite must be older than the darker basalt dike intruding the granite.  If an impact event was large enough, its effects were global in reach.  Most often, the events that we are age-dating on planets are related to impacts or volcanism.  Before the Phanerozoic, life was microscopic.

Relative Dating (Steno's Laws) : How Geologists Tell Time : Teacher Resources : University of Vermont At its simplest, surfaces with more craters have been exposed to space for longer, so are older, than surfaces with fewer craters.  These include the formation of the major mountains or the extinction of the dinosaurs.  Using Index Fossils Index fossils are commonly used to match rock layers in different places.  Values: The generation and dissemination of geologic information.  The brown splotch denotes ebbing and flowing of mare volcanism.  There are lots of ways to guesstimate ages, and geologists.  When I write for magazines, my editors always ask me to put absolute numbers on the dates of past events.

[studio-polimaterico-blu]

Storia della terra - Cronostratigrafia - Chronostratigraphy

Storia della terra – Cronostratigrafia – Chronostratigraphy

Storia della terra – Cronostratigrafia – Chronostratigraphy

La Terra, dalla sua origine risalente a circa 4,6 miliardi di anni fa sino a oggi, passando attraverso l’epoca in cui è comparsa la vita (circa 3,5 miliardi di anni fa) ha subito continue modificazioni. Per stabilire l’età della Terra e ricostruirne la storia, gli scienziati si sono avvalsi di speciali documenti: le rocce e i fossili,…

[gradeaproducer]

The system: a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole, in particular. a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network. PHYSIOLOGY: a set of organs in the body with a common structure or function. "the digestive system" the human or animal body as a whole. "you need to get the cholesterol out of your system" COMPUTING: a group of related hardware units or programs or both, especially when dedicated to a single application. GEOLOGY: (in chronostratigraphy) a major range of strata that corresponds to a period in time, subdivided into series. ASTRONOMY: a group of celestial objects connected by their mutual attractive forces, especially moving in orbits about a center. #inshot #Upgrade #flush420 #gramslam #mechanimorph #bartendaz #GingerbreadA #knowledge #DrGrade #bballer #producerlife #FreddyVSJason #GradeAOwnThat #hiphopisgreen #fallseason #bartendaz #sun #DBlock #hot #cool #fashion #mindup #smile #like4like #instamood #incredible #amazing #style #loveislove #nocrop

[eurekamag--com]

Sequence chronostratigraphy and petroleum system of the Cretaceous megasequences, Kuwait

http://dlvr.it/N36cnJ

[trainingcenterindonesia]

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY FOR NON - GEOLOGIST

TRAINING PETROLEUM GEOLOGY FOR NON – GEOLOGIST About this training courseParticipants will acquire an understanding of the geological principles employed to find, develop and produce oil and gas reservoirs, the type of data required to build a model of the subsurface, and the different methods used to display information. The value and limitations of different data sources will be discussed.…

[mucholderthen]

THE ULTIMATE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART

Ray Troll is a world-renowned Alaska-based artist, specializing in fish and paleontology art.  This is from his Pancakes and Geology: Cruisin’ the Fossil Freeway.

 I drew this image for the Cruisin’ the Fossil Freeway book and exhibit I did with Dr. Kirk Johnson. ... I truly believe that everyone should know the geologic ages of our planet. They should be taught in kindergarten right alongside the ABCs as far as I’m concerned. I’m dead serious about this folks. And hey… they’re surprisingly easy to memorize and having this t-shirt in your wardrobe will make it even easier.

Website:  Troll Art  

[geolmt]

LATE EOCENE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT, AND PALEOSOL-TRACE FOSSIL ASSOCIATIONS, PIPESTONE SPRINGS, SOUTHWEST MONTANA

LATE EOCENE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT, AND PALEOSOL-TRACE FOSSIL ASSOCIATIONS, PIPESTONE SPRINGS, SOUTHWEST MONTANA #GSA2020 #earthsciences #geology

I just received notice from the Geological Society of America (GSA) that our abstract is now accepted for the GSA 2020 annual meeting. I was very much looking forward to going to Montreal for the meeting, but like much else, it will now be virtual. Our presentation is scheduled for the session titled “D23. Recent Advances in Understanding Environmental Changes and Their Effects on Sedimentation“,…