#non-tectonic quakes

[ianmiller42]

Moonquakes!

As many will know there has recently been a fairly powerful earthquake to the East of Taiwan, and some will recall seeing a building that was about a third of the way towards falling over. Earthquakes are somewhat disturbing when you are in one, and more so sometimes when you are not in a very good place. Our news had one clip of one person in a swimming pool and the water was sloshing around…

[script-a-world]

Submitted via Google Form:

Can I have a planet with super high mountains but a lack of core activity? The lack of activity is because I want it to be somewhat of a safe paradise that doesn't have many earthquakes or the like. Surely, it will take a much longer time, but how long is too long before things will naturally erode and destroy the mountain top before they can get high enough? How about when scientists actively try to slow the erosion? Sci fi tech is very possible. There is magic as well but I doubt it'll help with anything since it's only pure mental powers - people are psychic, telepathic, etc. Even telekinesis doesn't exist because that moves physical objects.)

Tex: An active core has several benefits for the planet that encapsulates it, such as the production of a magnetic field and planetary rotation. This does come at the consequence of plate tectonics and all it entails, such as earthquakes, but most places on a planet will rarely see an earthquake of note outside of fault lines where the plates meet.

Mountains are created by plates pushing up against each other - where one side of a plate will push up, the opposite side of the plate will be pulling away from its neighbor, and the other two side (roughly) will be sliding against their neighbor plates. All three of these are some sort of seismic activity, but will appear different based on the conjunction of plate movements and where these activities are observed.

Ergo, in order to have very steep mountains, two plates must be pushing up against each other with enough strength to accomplish this - a feat bolstered by strong core activity. To divorce one from the other repudiates basic physics, though I suppose you could always handwave in the Tolkien style and have a deity or sufficiently-advanced technology plop all the rock necessary to create a mountain directly on top of the land.

I will mention that a core with little or no activity will be a very cold environment due to the lack of precipitation cycle from its planetary rotation and weak or non-existent magnetic field, if these are not artificially-created.

Wootzel: This question arrived only days after I watched a somewhat relevant sci-show video, so you’re getting that first! Enjoy. 

If your goal is to have a really safe planet, having a still core and lack of tectonic activity might actually work against you. I’d much rather live on a planet with lots of quakes and a magnetic field, rather than no quakes but no field! Solar and cosmic radiation are very dangerous, and a magnetic field is the biggest source of protection from them. 

If you want your planet to be really safe, I’d suggest employing technology to avoid the dangers of quakes, but not the quakes themselves. If this planet was settled by sapient life and none evolved there, it would probably be easy enough to say that the settling people used a few probes and their knowledge of geology to determine where the tectonic plates are, and then avoided their edges. 

Mountains and quakes both tend to happen around the edges of plates, but if you want mountain life to be possible without all that movement, you could just decide that at least some of the mountains aren’t growing anymore. The North American Appalachian mountains have been pretty tectonically inert for millions of years, and while they’re not as jagged as the still-growing Rocky mountains, they’re undeniably mountains. If you want your world’s mountains to be crazy high by Earth standards, you might start pushing the limits of believability, but that’s okay. Perhaps, if this explanation even makes it into your story, you could say that the tectonic plates used to be more numerous, and recently (recently geologically, so probably millions of years prior), some of them fused and left big, inert, safe mountains behind that just haven’t had much time to erode. 

Perhaps you could throw some neat sci-fi tech around that makes quakes a non-issue, instead. Some kind of massive structure near settlements that acts as a sort of seismic lightning rod, perhaps, and diverts or dissipates the shocks? 

Also, check out the wikipedia article on earthquake-resistant structures. Even without sci-fi tech, there are some options available that could be employed to reduce the devastation in the case of a quake. 

[beybladeninja]

(Beyblade Burst X Demon Slayer part 2)

(Based off of my Elemental Masters AU)

Boa

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Serpent Breathing, and he would know all five forms.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Molding Form. He can take the form of anything - human, demon, plant, or object - he sees; he can mimic them down to every tiny detail until it's impossible to tell the difference between the two. And if the globs of flesh he disconnects from his body touch any living or non living thing, he can affect its shape and size to his liking.

Rantaro

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Stone Breathing, and he would know all five forms.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Mountain Quake. His gigantic hands are strong enough to crush boulders on their own, but when he slams them onto the ground, he can create tremors that are violent enough to topple entire mountain ranges. If he slams his hands onto the ground in rapid succession, he can even create tremors strong enough to move tectonic plates.

Cuza

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Love Breathing (you know, because he's so lovable), and he would know all six forms.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Time Dance. If he moves his body in a specific sequence of movement and poses, he can affect the time stream around him. By completing a series of slow-moving poses, he can make those around him move slower. By completing a series of halting poses, he can make those around him freeze up altogether. By completing a series of poses and doing the poses in a backwards sequence, he can cause those around him to recreate their attacks as if they were going backwards in time. By completing a series of fast-moving poses, he can cause those around him to move faster - if only for them to bypass him completely before they reach him.

Orochi

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Sound Breathing, and he would know all five forms.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Sound Enrapture. When he sings, he can place all who listens under his control. His dreadlocks have silver bells woven into them, and he psychically move them to create background music to his hypnotic singing, which deepens the spell until it's nearly impossible to break out of it. The ringing of the bells can also induce a type of emotional trance into those who listen - frantic ringing can cause his opponent to become agitated and easily angered while slow rhythmic ringing can cause them to calm down. They also act as echo locators to help him determine where the enemy is.

Kit

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Thunder Breathing, though he would mostly use the Forms that send him high into the air.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Gravity Trap. He can psychically control the gravity around him to freeze his opponent in place, either stuck on the ground or suspended in the air. He can also focus the gravity around his opponents' limbs. He can choose to either use this ability to turn his enemy into his personal puppet - or to tear them limb from limb. Taking off his head with a sword is difficult, as he can simply use his Blood Demon Art to keep his head in place long enough for the wound to heal, thus keeping him alive. This power also gives him the ability to move around, as he doesn't have arms or legs.

Fubuki

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Water Breathing, and, being a prodigy under Shu, he would know all ten forms.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Deepest Depths. Every physical plane he comes into contact with becomes his own malleable liquid-like playground - people could be walking normally right above him while he's swimming through the earth below them as if it were water. If he swims fast and hard enough, he can affect the plane above him to the point that it acts like the sea during a storm, unmerciful and reaping upon those upon it. And if he uses it in actual water, it's ten times worse.

Yugo

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Beast Breathing to match his fiery personality, and he would know all ten forms (or fangs).

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Forest of Screams. The vines he grows from his body are formidable weapons on their own, but he can grow them well beyond his body, through the ground, and across entire forests. He can sense people from a distance through his vines and can have the vines ensnare those he senses - the vines are strong enough to crush his enemy if he so chooses. When his opponent is ensnared, he can absorb the life force of their body into his vines, effectively devouring them until they're nothing but dust. The vines are like coils of titanium - escaping them requires formidable strength.

Wakiya

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Thunder Breathing - the fastest of the Breathing Styles - and he would know all six forms.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Eternity Blitz. He can run at the speed of light; not a single being on Earth can outrun him, not even other demons. His speed makes it seem like he can teleport, or that he can pause time. He can devour an entire human in less than two seconds - and he can devour an entire town's population in less than five seconds.

Quon

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing style would be Serpent Breathing, and he would know all five forms (as well as throw in a few skateboard tricks here and there).

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Viper Strike. He has the lightning quick reflexes of a viper, and his tail is ten times as strong. The poison from his fangs has a variety of uses, depending on what he needs in the moment - it can either eat through any surface, instantly kill his prey, or turn his target into a snake, which he can then psychically control. He can deliver his poison by either biting his enemy or by spitting; he can reach 25 yards, no problem.

Naoki

As a Demon Slayer, his Breathing Style would be Water Breathing, though his favorite form would be Eleventh Form: Dead Calm.

As a demon, his Blood Demon Art would be Deadly Chill. His body can emit a cold air, and he can control how cold and how spread out the air goes. The temperature can range from simply sending a creepy chill down a person's spine to completely freezing the blood in their veins - to even freezing them solid. He can also control how fast the temperature drops; he can freeze a person in the blink of an eye, or slowly freeze them in a form of torture. The air can even go high into the atmosphere and freeze the water there, thus creating a small snowstorm.

[ratliffwaller20]

Xyrandor: The Resilient Shadow Planet

Steeped in the darkness of a cosmic abyss, Xyrandor harbors a world uniquely adapted to its nocturnal landscape. Void of any natural sunlight, this pitch-black terrain presents an eternal night where life thrives in unconventional brilliance. Enigmatic and resilient, Xyrandor's society and ecosystem depict an extraordinary tale of adaptability and innovation.

The Land

Xyrandor's landscape is characterized by jagged peaks and vast plains of basaltic rock, intertwined with networks of subterranean tunnels and chasms. These dark features stand tall and timeless, carved over millennia by unique geological forces. This stark realm, visually indistinguishable from a starless night sky, is lit only by bioluminescent flora and fauna and the faint glow of cities deep below.

An intricate web of luminous subterranean cities, interconnected by labyrinthine tunnels, forms the heart of Xyrandor's urban life. Crafted from the resilient bedrock, these cities shine like constellations beneath the surface, their light refracting off the crystalline veins of minerals embedded in the surrounding rock.

The planet's climate, dictated by geothermal energy, maintains a consistent, mild temperature, but experiences occasional tremors and quakes from the planet's active tectonic plates. Fertile pockets of phosphorescent fungi, moss, and algae thrive around geothermal vents, forming the basis of the food web.

Society & Culture

Xyrandor's society is a network of decentralized communities, bound together by shared ethics and values, primarily revolving around resilience, adaptability, and mutual cooperation. Their language, called Luminara, is a dynamic mixture of visual signals and ultrasound frequencies, designed for communication in the dark environment.

The Xyrandoran diet consists of bioluminescent fungi, subterranean tubers, and a diverse array of protein-rich, light-emitting invertebrates. Their cuisine is subtly flavored, with unique combinations of umami and sweet, and is always presented in a visually stunning, luminous display.

Fashion in Xyrandor plays with the darkness and light. Clothing often integrates bioluminescent patterns, which serve both as a personal expression and a means of visibility. More formal attire is designed to interact with the wearer's body heat, changing color and brightness in response.

Government and Economy

Xyrandor's government structure is a unique form of techno-anarchy. Autonomous regional councils, powered by sophisticated AI, take care of basic administrative duties, from resource allocation to conflict resolution. This system ensures fair distribution of Xyrandor's vast mineral resources, including luminous crystals and rare earth metals.

Xyrandor's economy is built on mutual aid and resource sharing, rather than competition. Currency is non-existent; instead, a sophisticated barter system has developed, involving the exchange of services and goods. The value of a product is determined not by its rarity, but by its utility or aesthetic appeal.

Magic & Science

The technological advances of Xyrandor are a testament to its resilience. Harnessing the geothermal energy of the planet, the cities have a virtually unlimited power supply. Bioluminescent technology is woven into the fabric of life, from public lighting to personal devices, and the ever-present glow is a defining characteristic of Xyrandor's culture.

Transportation involves high-speed magnetic trains that whisk through the extensive network of tunnels connecting the cities. Communication relies on advanced holography, using bioluminescent crystals to project messages and imagery.

While magic as a concept does not exist in Xyrandor, the native inhabitants possess heightened senses that might seem mystical to outsiders. Evolved over millennia, their enhanced perception allows them to navigate their world with ease, discerning minute changes in temperature, vibration, and bio-luminescence.

Conclusion

Xyrandor's dark allure offers a compelling testament to life's adaptability. Here, in this starless world, life shines forth in luminous defiance, casting a soft, ethereal glow upon the pitch-black canvass. A journey to Xyrandor is an exploration of resilience, an ode to life’s unyielding pursuit of existence, even in the most challenging conditions.

[grocery-x]

How To Prepare For An Earthquake

How To Prepare For An Earthquake

Earthquakes can strike at any moment, without warning. They can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and entire communities. While we can’t prevent earthquakes from happening, we can prepare for them. In this book, we’ll explore how to prepare for an earthquake, from the supplies you need to have on hand to the steps you can take to keep yourself and your loved ones safe during and after a quake.

Chapter 1: Understanding earthquakes

Before we dive into preparedness, it’s important to understand what earthquakes are and how they occur. In this chapter, we’ll cover the basics of plate tectonics, seismic waves, and the different types of earthquakes. We’ll also discuss the factors that contribute to the intensity and impact of earthquakes.

Chapter 2: Assessing your home’s seismic safety

Your home is one of the most important places to be prepared for an earthquake. In this chapter, we’ll look at how to assess the seismic safety of your home, including evaluating the foundation, roof, and walls, and securing heavy objects and furniture. We’ll also provide tips on how to retrofit an older home to make it safer during an earthquake.

Chapter 3: Creating an emergency supply kit

In the event of an earthquake, it’s important to have a supply of essential items on hand. In this chapter, we’ll explore what to include in an emergency supply kit, such as food, water, first-aid supplies, and a radio. We’ll also discuss how to store and maintain your kit to ensure it’s always ready when you need it.

Chapter 4: Developing a family emergency plan

An earthquake can happen at any time, so it’s important to have a plan in place to ensure everyone in your family knows what to do. In this chapter, we’ll discuss how to create a family emergency plan, including designating meeting places and communicating with each other in the event of an earthquake.

Chapter 5: Preparing your workplace

In addition to preparing your home, it’s also important to be prepared at work. In this chapter, we’ll look at how to make your workplace safer in the event of an earthquake, including securing heavy objects, preparing emergency supplies, and conducting evacuation drills.

Chapter 6: Being prepared while on the road

Earthquakes can happen anywhere, including when you’re on the road. In this chapter, we’ll discuss how to stay safe while driving during an earthquake, and what to do if you’re caught in a quake while on the road.

Chapter 7: Protecting your finances

An earthquake can cause significant damage to property and disrupt financial stability. In this chapter, we’ll explore how to protect your finances during and after an earthquake, including securing your insurance coverage, creating a financial plan, and recovering from financial losses.

Chapter 8: Staying informed and getting help

In the event of an earthquake, it’s important to have access to accurate information and know how to get help. In this chapter, we’ll discuss the importance of staying informed through local news and social media, and how to access emergency services and support from government agencies and non-profit organizations.

Chapter 9: Caring for yourself and others after an earthquake

The aftermath of an earthquake can be stressful and overwhelming. In this chapter, we’ll look at how to care for yourself and others after a quake, including managing stress and trauma, dealing with emotional and psychological effects, and seeking medical care if needed.

Chapter 10: Rebuilding after an earthquake

In the final chapter, we’ll look at the process of rebuilding after an earthquake. We’ll discuss the importance of working with insurance companies, government agencies,and contractors to ensure a safe and efficient rebuilding process. We’ll also cover tips for minimizing future earthquake damage, such as retrofitting buildings, improving infrastructure, and creating stronger building codes.

Conclusion:

Preparing for an earthquake is a critical step in reducing the impact of these natural disasters. By following the tips and guidance in this book, you can ensure that you and your loved ones are ready in the event of an earthquake. Remember that while we can’t control when earthquakes happen, we can control how we prepare for them and respond when they do.

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[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Earther/Gizmodo:

The heat wave currently roasting the Pacific Northwest has made its way up to Alaska, where a 2.7 magnitude ice quake—the result of seismic activity triggered by melting glaciers—was just recorded 25 miles (40 kilometers) east of Juneau.

Temperatures climbed to as high as 92 degrees Fahrenheit (33.3 degrees Celsius) in parts of Alaska on Tuesday on what has been the hottest day so far of an already record-breaking heat wave. As the Anchorage Daily News reports, the scorching temperatures are a bizarre departure for a region that usually colloquially refers to this month as “Juneuary” for the signature cool drizzle it brings.

As temperatures rise, it’s normal for melting snow and glaciers to cause flooding. But it’s rarer that the water refreezing and expanding as ice triggers enough accumulated stress to result in seismic activity.

Known as a cryoseism—a non-tectonic seismic event—Tuesday’s event took place in the Alaska Panhandle at 5:29 a.m. and registered as 2.7-magnitude, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

[kiraofthewind]

Hello Writeblr

Hello, Tumblr. My name is Erika, or Kira. I go by either. She/her pronouns please. I’ve been worldbuilding a fantasy world for over 20 years now and writing as a hobby. I am now pursuing writing for publication and I anticipate releasing my first novel into the world late this year or sometime next year. ALL my books will take place in the world I’ve been developing, called the Pentagonal Dominion. My posts here will largely be about the worldbuilding relevant to all my books, or may be about the plot/characters of a book in particular. I currently have three books planned, but I have dozens more in my head I want to write eventually.

I call my subgenre “Rainbow Fantasy” because none of the currently-existing subgenre names really appeal to me. It embodies aspects of high, epic, dark, and queer fantasy, but leaves out some of the expectations. I will make a post about Rainbow Fantasy later.

Things you can expect in all my books:

-FANTASY

-Intense worldbuilding. I don’t skimp on this shit

-Did I say shit? Yes I did. I curse. A lot. My characters do too.

-Sex, too. My books are never full-fledged erotica, but they have erotic moments, and plenty of kinks.

-Queer characters. Cisheteronomativity was never a *thing* in the Pentagonal Dominion, so there are always LGBTQ+ characters in my world, living their best lives.

-A disturbing lack of humans. While the Pentagonal Dominion is *connected* to Terra, and there are humans who appear once in a while, for the most part, all my characters are distinctly non-human. The PD features 88 species of sapient people, some humanoid, and some most definitely not.

-Families, both biological and found/adopted. Parents who are still alive. Parents who are the heroes.

-An absolute RANGE of villains. I love writing villains, and I’ll always have one, but they range from sexist terfs who use men as chairs to wholesome fathers who are just trying to create a better world for their children.

Merchants of Knowledge and Magic (MoKaM), my debut novel, in the editing phase, is about an intersex asexual dragonfly-person, Calinthe (she/her), a merchant of knowledge. As a Mind elemental, she is forbidden from using money by the tenets of her religion. Instead, she travels the planes of the Pentagonal Dominion in search of secrets and information to trade. She is accompanied by her best friend, Zakuro (she/her), a merchant of magic. As a Godblood (descendant of the Gods), Zakuro can use magic. Specifically, she can enchant objects to ‘hold’ magic so other people can enjoy the effects. The plot focuses on Calinthe’s search for her boss’s missing demonic henchman, who Calinthe believes to have been kidnapped by the Ophidians, a nation of female supremacists who enslave anyone they don’t deem to be ‘a woman.’ As an intersex person, Calinthe risks her own freedom by venturing into Ophidia, though she has Zakuro’s illusionism powers to keep her safe.

Merchants of Light and Bone (MoLaB), in the drafting phase, is about a bisexual polyamorous lion-man, Amiere (he/him), a merchant of light with a big family. He carves sculptures out of crystals that glow for about 80 years once they’ve been mined. He has a wife Liesle (she/her) and a nonbinary, transneutral husband Su (he/him), who is a merchant of bone. The plot focuses on family dynamics and grief, as the story starts the day after one of Amiere’s daughters died in a freak earthquake accident… in a world where plate tectonics doesn’t exist and earthquakes have never happened. In fact, they don’t have a word for it, and they certainly wouldn’t call it ‘earthquake’ because they recognize “Earth” as being the mysterious land of Terra. Amiere believes the quake to be an act of the Gods, punishing him for being so proud of that daughter.

Merchants of Dance and Hedonism (MoDaH) is still in the plotting phase. I may make significant changes to it between now and whenever its finished. It follows agender, body-changing Tynan (they/them), an infant who hatches at the start of their book. Tynan has Godblood parents: A Mind Godblood father, and a Death Godblood mother. From their father, they inherited the power of knowledge. The moment Tynan’s mind came into existence inside, they knew about as much as an average 15-year-old. From their mother, they inherited the power of genetic manipulation. Tynan can change their body at will into anything they can imagine. They do not have a biological sex, since my world doesn’t use sex chromosomes, but rather multiple genes that turn on or off during fetal development. Since Tynan became aware before their sex was determined, and can change their body at will, they can choose what sex they want to appear as at any time. Tynan becomes a merchant of dance, an assassin, and is sent to kill Arria, a merchant of hedonism who is on a quest to end slavery in Ophidia. She convinces Tynan to join her, instead, though she has to tread carefully, because Tynan’s mother is a one-woman army who would shatter the six planes if she knew her infant baby was hanging out with a woman who sells sex and alcohol, even as a front for abolition.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Seismicity on Mars full of surprises, in first continuous year of data The SEIS seismometer package from the Mars InSight lander has collected its first continuous Martian year of data, revealing some surprises among the more than 500 marsquakes detected so far. At the Seismological Society of America (SSA)'s 2021 Annual Meeting, Savas Ceylan of ETH Zürich discussed some of the findings from The Marsquake Service, the part of the InSight ground team that detects marsquakes and curates the planet's seismicity catalog. Marsquakes differ from earthquakes in a number of ways, Ceylan explained. To begin with, they are much smaller than earthquakes, with the largest event recorded at teleseismic distances around magnitude 3.6. SEIS is able to detect these small events because the background seismic noise on Mars can be much lower than on Earth, without the constant tremor produced by ocean waves. "For much of a Martian year, from around sunset until early hours, the Martian atmosphere becomes very quiet, so there is no local noise either," he said. "Additionally, our sensors are optimized and shielded for operating under severe Martian conditions, such as extremely low temperatures and the extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations on the red planet." Marsquakes also come in two distinct varieties: low-frequency events with seismic waves propagating at various depths in the planet's mantle, and high-frequency events with waves that appear to propagate through the crust. "In terms of how the seismic energy decays over time, the low-frequency events appear to be more like earthquakes" in which the shaking dies away relatively quickly, Ceylan said, "while the high-frequency events are resembling moonquakes" in persisting for longer periods. The vast majority of the events are high-frequency and occur at hundreds of kilometers of distance from the lander. "It is not quite clear to us how these events could be confined to only high frequency energy while they occur at such large distances," he said. "On top of that, the frequency of those events seems to vary over the Martian year, which is a pattern that we do not know at all from Earth." Only a handful of marsquakes have clear seismic phase arrivals--the order in which the different types of seismic waves arrive at a location--which allows researchers to calculate the direction and distance the waves come from. All these marsquakes originate from a sunken area of the surface called Cerberus Fossae, about 1800 kilometers away from the InSight Lander. Cerberus Fossae is one of the youngest geological structures on Mars, and may have formed from extensional faulting or subsidence due to dike emplacement. Recent studies suggest extension mechanism may be the source of the Cerberus Fossae quakes, Ceylan noted, "however, we have a long way in front of us to be able to explain the main tectonic mechanisms behind these quakes." The biggest challenge for The Marsquake Service and InSight science team has been "adapting to unexpected signals in the data from a new planet," Ceylan said. Although there were significant efforts to shield SEIS from non-seismic noise by covering it and placing it directly on the Martian surface, its data are still contaminated by weather and lander noise. "We needed to understand the noise on Mars from scratch, discover how our seismometers behave, how the atmosphere of Mars affects seismic recordings, and find alternative methods to interpret the data properly," said Ceylan. It took the Service a while to be "confident in identifying the different event types," he added, "discriminating these weak signals from the rich and varied background noise, and being able to characterize these novel signals in a systematic manner to provide a self-consistent catalog." The InSight seismicity catalog and data are released to the public via IPG Paris, IRIS, and PDS on a three month schedule, with three month data delay.

[nihilsticpanda]

10 Years Ago

Disclaimer: I do not give permission for anyone to take or post my story anywhere. Reblogging is perfectly fine, however.

Today is March 11, 2021. It is the 10-year anniversary of the earthquake and tsunami that decimated Fukushima prefecture and its surrounding areas in northeast Japan on the main island of Honshu.

I lived in a town called Shin-Kawasaki in Saiwai prefecture. It’s a place about 45 minutes by train south of Tokyo. I resided in an apartment building for students studying abroad through their universities. My room was on the fourth floor. It was my Japanese college’s spring break. I had just woken up around 3:00 p.m. after a short nap. I was at my computer turning it on.

Then it happened. I felt a small shake of the floor. Small quakes are a common occurrence in Japan, being a chain of islands where tectonic plates meet. But this shake didn’t stop. It quickly grew in its intensity. The building was wobbling like it was made of gelatin. My bookcase, which was nearly seven feet tall (roughly two meters), was rocking back and forth. I was terrified. I had never experienced an earthquake. At least, not one that registered with me as “this is an earthquake; not the train jostling or you moving around.”

I’m from the northern Midwest of America. Michigan, to be precise. We have tornadoes, lake-effect snow, flooding sometimes, and pothole-ridden roads. We don’t have earthquakes. I had no idea what to do in the situation I was in. I thought, “I need to get away from the bookcase, in case it falls over, and anything else that might fall on me.” So I ran to the entryway (called “genkan,” a slightly lowered area before stepping up to the rest of the room) of my small apartment. I cowered on the floor with my hands holding the doorframe on either side of me. I have no memory of how long I was there. It seemed like the shaking and wobbling was going on for much longer than the mere few minutes that had actually passed.

When I thought it had stopped, I tried my best to gather myself, grabbed my cell phone and wallet, and went into the hallway. Others on my floor had also gathered outside their rooms. We hurried down the grey cement stairs that spiraled up the exterior of the building and met the other residents in the small courtyard out front at the bottom. The power had gone out in the entire town. None of us knew what to do, so we waited until hunger drove us to the local convenience stores.

The stores were stripped bare of instant noodle cups, breads, snack foods, water, soft drinks, juices, and anything else that wasn’t pre-packaged or perishable. After traveling to all the Lawson’s and 7-11′s in the area, we resigned ourselves to buying whatever we could find. Our group made it back to the apartment building and hung out in the common room until, ten hours later, the power came back on. The event lasted less than a day and there wasn’t much physical damage in Shin-Kawasaki as the ripples from the epicenter of the earthquake hit the area at about magnitude 4.5.

There continued to be aftershocks for days afterwards. I kept a measuring cup of water on a shelf on my bookcase that I stared at constantly. Even the slightest hint of movement of the water and I ran to the door in anticipation of another aftershock. I couldn’t sleep and I became even more withdrawn as my depression and anxiety worsened-- things I already had problems with before studying abroad. I would watch the earthquake alert website at any opportunity. I kept my cell phone on me at all times, waiting to hear the earthquake alert that all Japanese cell phones have; a sound which brings back awful memories for me and I still hate to this day.

I didn’t really have anyone I considered a friend in the area. I didn’t have the money to go home for a visit. My dad refused to pay for a ticket when I called several times in the middle of the night sobbing, pleading, and begging to come home. My boyfriend was 14 hours behind and busy with his own college classes and part-time job. I was trapped. I began to self-medicate with alcohol. I had a falling-out with two friends; a situation that was exacerbated by my developing-alcoholism.

I had dreamed since I was 14-years-old of learning Japanese, studying abroad in Japan, and being a translator or interpreter. At 16, I taught myself hiragana, katakana, and some kanji. As a senior in high school, I took an evening class in Japanese. I listened to Japanese pop and rock music. I transliterated lyrics. I watched subtitled and non-subtitled anime. I read books and manga by Japanese authors. I went to college and majored in international studies and minored in Japanese to try to achieve my dream. I had finally found something that I was good at and loved doing. But in the last weeks of July 2011, before I left Japan forever, I gathered up all my Japanese learning books- textbooks, grammar books, dictionaries, kanji books- and threw them in the trash.

I lived through being forced to stay in Japan against my will. However, I did not come out a better person. I was a broken husk of a girl who didn’t have any direction anymore. The life as I knew it died on March 11, 2011 around 3:00 p.m., Japanese Standard Time. I died that day.

In the last five years or so I’ve been regaining the confidence and renewed interest in the things I used to love: anime, manga, J-pop and J-rock, speaking and writing and learning Japanese. But I’ll never get those years back. Those years of being debilitated by post-traumatic stress disorder and alcoholism. Those years that were robbed of me by the Fukushima earthquake.

[larkandkatydid]

So I hope this isn't a weird question. I'm doing the Read Harder challenge this year and among the prompts are "a book about climate change" and "a book about a (specific?) natural disaster." I feel like you're always recommending these smart non-fiction books about various political issues including climate change, so I was wondering if you had ideas for some good books for someone who has read a lot of articles on it and keeps up on politics generally, but hasn't read a whole book on climate.

I think my favorite recent book on climate is Rising: Dispatches from a New American Shore by Elizabeth Rush.  It’s a collection of essays and I feel like I think about them a lot.    It’s a little older but I also like Susan Casey’s The Wave, which is about climate change, horrific disasters and also surfing. 

I feel like I haven’t read that many books about a specific disaster but I really liked The Great Quake by Henry Fountain because it got me as close to actually understanding how plate tectonics work as I may ever get.   A book I haven’t read but that people seem to say great things about is The Yellow House by Sarah Broom, about Katrina and post-Katrina gentrification. 

[young-i-magazines-blog]

Being very big and large India is vulnerable to natural disasters.

In India's policy framework Disaster management occupies an important place, as most affected people by disaster poor, they are India's predominant population. A roadmap i.e. National Disaster Framework is early warning systems, disaster prevention strategy, preparedness and response, disaster mitigation, and human resource development. This roadmap has been shared by Ministries and Departments of the Government of India with all the State Governments and Union Territory Administrations. The Disaster Management Act was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28 November 2005, and by the Rajya Sabha on 12 December 2005.

Types of Disaster

Fire is an exothermic chemical process of combustion, that releases heat, light and rapid oxidation of a material. Fire can cause physical damage through burning. Fire in its common form can result in the conflagration. The hazard to life and property are the negative effects of fire, it also includes, atmospheric pollution, and water contamination. The loss of fertility of the soil is due to the loss of nitrogen caused by a fire. Firefighting services are provided to extinguish or contain uncontrolled fires, in most developed areas. Firefighting apparatuses are used by trained firefighters, such as water mains and fire hydrants or A and B class foam depending on the source of the fire. Depending on the type of fire damage that occurred, suitable restoration methods and measures should be employed. The safest way to restore fire damaged property is to engage a trained, experienced and certified professional fire damage restoration specialist as they can speed up repairs, whether for individuals or institutions.

Flood may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies that submerges land. Floods may occur in rivers as the rate of flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel. Homes and businesses are often damaged if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. Analysis, engineering are important aspects of Planning for flood safety.   

Mesocyclone is a vortex of air, 2.0 kilometers (1.2 mi) to 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) in diameter (the mesoscale of meteorology), within a convective storm. Air rises and rotates around a vertical axis, usually within the same direction as low-pressure systems in both the northern and southern hemispheres. They’re most frequently cyclonic, that is, related to a localized low-pressure region within a supercell.

Toronado might be a violently rotating column of air that's connected with both the surface of the earth and heavy rain-bearing, condition of icing, lighting, hail storm, extreme wind with massive turbulence comprising the towering clouds of a cumulonimbus or, in rare cases, rock bottom of a cumulus.

Whirlwind may be a strong, well-formed, and comparatively long-lived whirlwind, starting from small (half a meter wide and a couple of meters tall) to large (more than 10 meters wide and quite 1000 meters tall).

Waterspout may be a columnar vortex forming over water that’s, in its commonest form, a non-supercell tornado over water that's connected to a cumuliform cloud. A gentle vortex over calm water or wetland made visible by rising water vapor.

Fire Whirl also colloquially referred to as a fireplace devil, fire tornado, firenado, or fire twister – may be a whirlwind induced by a fireplace and sometimes made from flame or ash.CYCLONES aren't unique to Earth. Cyclonic storms are common on Jovian planets, like the tiny Dark Spot on Neptune. It's about one third the diameters of the good Dark Spot and received the nickname "Wizard's Eye" because it's like an eye fixed. Mars has also exhibited cyclonic storms. Jovian storms just like the Great Red Spot are usually mistakenly named as giant hurricanes or cyclonic storms. However, this is often inaccurate, because the Great Red Spot is, in fact, the inverse phenomenon, an anticyclone.

Tsunami is a series of waves, generated by the displacement of water with periods ranging from minutes to hours. Very High wave heights of tens of meters can be generated. The destructive power of a Tsunami can be huge, and they can affect entire ocean basins, the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas. Among the natural disasters in human history, the Tsunami in Indian Ocean tsunami in the year 2004 was the deadliest. In the 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean, 230,000 people were killed or went missing. Tilly Smith was in Thailand, having learned about tsunamis in school, told her parents that a tsunami might be imminent. They warned people around them thereby saving many of lives. Tilly Smith attributed her geography teacher in school. Even if the location and magnitude of an earthquake are known, it is difficult to precisely predict a tsunami. Despite that, there are some warning signs of an approaching tsunami, and automated systems can provide warnings immediately after an earthquake in time to save lives. One of the finest systems uses bottom pressure sensors, attached to buoys, which ceaselessly inspect the pressure of the water column. In the Pacific Ocean and the adjoining land masses computers are used to assist in analyzing the tsunami risk of every earthquake that occurs in that region. Usually within minutes of the arrival time computer models can predict tsunami arrival. It is mandatory to practice emergency services for the population, local authorities, and government.Some zoologists hypothesize that some animal species have the ability to sense subsonic from an earthquake or a tsunami. Monitoring the behavior of animals could provide advance warning of earthquakes and tsunamis.

Earthquake is the shaking of the surface because of the movement of tectonic plates under the surface of the earth thereby releasing of energy in the Earth's lithosphere hence creating seismic waves. Earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground an earthquake's point of rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter from where the waves originate. They take place in the 40,000-kilometre-long, which for the most part bounds the Pacific Plate (90%, and 81% of the largest). Massive earthquakes tend to occur along the Himalayan Mountains. There is the growth of mega-cities such as Mexico City, Tokyo, and Tehran in the areas of high seismic risk; seismologists warn that a single quake may claim the lives of millions of people. Earthquake engineering foresees the impact of earthquakes on buildings and other structures. It designs structures that can minimize the risk of damage. Individuals can also take preparedness steps, and being educated about what to do when the shaking starts.Under section 6 of the Act it is responsible for laying "down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the country Plans". Under the aegis of Ministry of Home Affairs, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), performs the primary purpose of capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response disaster management coordinated response to natural or man-made disasters.

[elderlingacademic]

Review: The Broken Earth Trilogy

Author: N. K. Jemisin

Opening Line: ‘Let’s start with the end of the world, why don’t we?’

So previously I reviewed the first book in this trilogy, The Fifth Season. I recently got to reread book one and then read straight through books two and three, so it seemed to make more sense to review the whole thing as a trilogy.

The problem is, every time I sit down and try and string together some sentences, I just end up making vague gestures at my computer screen.

Friends, this trilogy is overwhelmingly, jaw-droppingly good.

It’s actually really hard to be articulate, because I just kind want to run around yelling? Or fill this whole review with keysmash. But I’ll try. I’m trying. I promise.

The story is set on a continent (country? Landmass of some kind?) called the Stillness. This is an extremely sarcastic name, because Stillness has a vast amount of tectonic trouble. Low-level quakes are pretty common. And every so often, their world enters what they refer to as a Fifth Season: basically a near-apocalyptic event. Sometimes volcanic, sometimes an earthquake or a tidal wave, sometimes a combination, sometimes all of the above. Humans retreat during these times and survive as best they can until the fifth season ends, then (mostly) rebuild civilisation from scratch.

One thing seems to survive down the ages, and that’s a deep hatred of Orogenes. These people have the ability to detect and control tectonic activity (a simplified explanation, but it’ll do). So they’re deeply necessary but also treated with very little trust.

In the middle of all of this we have Essun, and Damaya, and Syenite. Damaya is a young girl discovered to be an Orogene, on her way to the Fulcrum where Orogenes are trained to both use their ability and obey without question. Syenite is an adult working for the Fulcrum, finding out that the world is not quite what she thought it was. And Essun… Essun is living out her own private apocalypse in the middle of a very real one.

That’s about as much as I can explain without getting too detailed or two spoilery. But a list of other things found in this trilogy: stunningly good writing; complex but well-revealed world-building; a trans secondary character; multiple non-straight relationships; a polyamorous three; people made of stone; a surprising but brilliant use of perspective; a wealth of well-written female characters. Jemisin keeps a precise balance between an intensely personal story and one at a scale almost beyond description. Not to mention that she manages to write about a brutal world where characters go through some awful things without ever making her reader miserable – I never felt worn-down by the story, just absolutely enraptured.

Please read this trilogy, folks. I need more people to talk to about it!

One of the best fantasy series of all time. 5/5.

You might enjoy this book if you enjoyed: The Realm of the Elderlings (Robin Hobb), Strange the Dreamer (Laini Taylor), The Black Prism (Brent Weeks).

Check out the rest of my reviews here!

[eagle-eyez]

Earthquakes have been wreaking havoc in Haiti since at least the 18th century when the city of Port-au-Prince was destroyed twice in 19 years. Saturday's powerful quake killed hundreds and injured thousands more. Eleven years earlier a temblor killed tens of thousands of people, if not hundreds of thousands.

Haiti sits near the intersection of two tectonic plates that make up the Earth's crust.

Earthquakes can occur when those plates move against each other and create friction. Haiti is also densely populated. Plus, many of its buildings are designed to withstand hurricanes — not earthquakes. Those buildings can survive strong winds but are vulnerable to collapse when the ground shakes.

What makes Haiti prone to earthquakes?

The Earth's crust is made up of tectonic plates that move. And Haiti sits near the intersection of two of them — the North American plate and the Caribbean plate.

Multiple fault lines between those plates cut through or near the island of Hispaniola, which Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic. What's worse, not all of those fault lines behave the same way.

"Hispaniola sits in a place where plates transition from smashing together to sliding past one another," said Rich Briggs, a research geologist at the US Geological Survey's Geologic Hazards Science Center.

"It's like a rock stuck in the track of a sliding glass door," he said. "It just does not want to move smoothly because it's got so many different forces on it."

What caused the most recent quake?

Saturday's magnitude 7.2 earthquake likely occurred along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone, which cuts across Haiti's southwestern Tiburon Peninsula, according to the USGS.

It's the same fault zone along which the devastating 2010 earthquake occurred. And it's likely the source of three other big earthquakes in Haiti between 1751 and 1860, two of which destroyed Port-au-Prince.

Earthquakes are the result of the tectonic plates slowly moving against each other and creating friction over time, said Gavin Hayes, senior science adviser for earthquake and geologic hazards at USGS.

"That friction builds up and builds up and eventually the strain that's stored there overcomes the friction," Hayes said. "And that's when the fault moves suddenly. That's what an earthquake is."

Why can earthquakes in Haiti be so devastating?

It's a combination of factors that include a seismically active area, a high population density of 11 million people and buildings that are often designed to withstand hurricanes — not earthquakes. Typical concrete and cinder block buildings can survive strong winds but are vulnerable to damage or collapse when the ground shakes. Poor building practices can also play a role.

The preliminary toll of the 7.2 magnitude quake that struck southwestern Haiti rose Monday to 1,419 dead and more than 6,900 injured, according to the country's civil protection agency.

The powerful quake, which struck early Saturday, also destroyed more than 37,000 homes, officials said.

The 2010 quake hit closer to densely populated Port-au-Prince and caused widespread destruction. Haiti's government put the death toll at more than 300,000, while a report commissioned by the US government placed it between 46,000 and 85,000.

"I think it's important to recognize that there's no such thing as a natural disaster," said Wendy Bohon, a geologist with Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. "What you have is a natural hazard that overlaps with a vulnerable system."

What does the future hold?

Geologists say they cannot predict the next earthquake.

"But we do know that earthquakes like this can cause similar-sized earthquakes on the next portion of the fault," said Hayes of USGS. "And it's quite a significant hazard in places that don't have the construction practices to withstand the shaking."

Construction of more earthquake-resistant buildings remains a challenge in Haiti, which is the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere.

Before Saturday's quake, Haiti was still recovering from the 2010 earthquake as well as Hurricane Matthew in 2016. Its president was assassinated last month, sending the country into political chaos.

And while there have been some success stories of Haitians building more earthquake-resistant structures, the country has lacked a centralized effort to do so, said Mark Schuller, a professor of anthropology and nonprofit and NGO studies at Northern Illinois University.

Haiti's government has become increasingly weak, while non-governmental organizations focus on their own compartmentalized projects.

"There is technical knowledge in Haiti. There are trained architects. There are city planners. That's not the problem," Schuller said. "The problem is a lack of funding for coordination and lack of political will from donors (to organizations providing aid)."

With inputs from AFP and AP

source https://www.firstpost.com/world/why-the-caribbean-country-of-haiti-is-prone-to-devastating-earthquakes-9891321.html

[everopentabs]

Known as a cryoseism—a non-tectonic seismic event—Tuesday’s event took place in the Alaska Panhandle at 5:29 a.m. and registered as 2.7-magnitude, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

https://gizmodo.com/the-heat-wave-just-caused-an-ice-quake-in-alaska-1847199329

[tastydregs]

The Heat Wave Just Caused an Ice Quake in Alaska

Photo: Joe Raedle / Staff (Getty Images)

The heat wave currently roasting the Pacific Northwest has made its way up to Alaska, where a 2.7 magnitude ice quake — the result of seismic activity triggered by melting glaciers — was just recorded 25 miles east of Juneau.

Temperatures climbed to as high as 92 degrees in parts of Alaska on Tuesday on what has been the hottest day so far of an already record-breaking heat wave. As the Anchorage Daily News reports, the scorching temperatures are a bizarre departure for a region that usually colloquially refers to this month as “Juneuary” for the signature cool drizzle it brings.

As temperatures rise, its normal for melting snow and glaciers to cause flooding, but rarer that the water refreezing and expanding as ice triggers enough accumulated stress to result in seismic activity.

Known as a cryoseism — a non-tectonic seismic event — Tuesday’s event took place in the Alaska Panhandle at 5:29 a.m. on June 28 and registered as 2.7-magnitude, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

G/O Media may get a commission

Scientists have long linked the melting of glaciers to incidences of earthquakes, particularly given that the land that the glaciers are situated on tends to shift around according to their relative weight, which naturally lessens as they melt. As the glaciers spring upwards, the land that they sit upon rises, creating faults that can lead to an increase in the frequency and intensity of earthquakes.

The ice quake in Alaska was recorded at a depth of about four miles, and was distinct from a separate undersea earthquake — a 4.0-magnitude temblor— that occurred off the coast of Oregon at 10:03 a.m. on June 29 at a depth of eight miles.

While an ice quake out in the middle of the ocean might not seem like the biggest deal in the world, some of the other side effects of the heat have been having a ruinous effect on the Pacific Northwest’s landscape.

As Gizmodo has previously reported, power cables are melting, districts have been forced to shutter schools and the asphalt will literally burn you if you touch it. Ground temperatures in parts of Washington state reached as high as 145 degrees Fahrenheit on Tuesday — conditions that pose not only a threat to public health but also to critical infrastructure, with roadways buckling under the staggering heat. The insane heat is also stressing the power grid, as people rush to cool down their homes with air conditioning units.

With climate change here to stay, it’s all but inevitable that these types of stresses will continue to plague areas of the world much better accustomed to cooler temperatures. Infrastructure development will need to adapt in order to better accommodate the extreme weather patterns that are set to become our new normal — or maybe the ice quakes will swallow us all. Whatever comes first.

[grocery-x]

How To Prepare For An Earthquake

How To Prepare For An Earthquake

Earthquakes can strike at any moment, without warning. They can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and entire communities. While we can’t prevent earthquakes from happening, we can prepare for them. In this book, we’ll explore how to prepare for an earthquake, from the supplies you need to have on hand to the steps you can take to keep yourself and your loved ones safe during and after a quake.

Chapter 1: Understanding earthquakes

Before we dive into preparedness, it’s important to understand what earthquakes are and how they occur. In this chapter, we’ll cover the basics of plate tectonics, seismic waves, and the different types of earthquakes. We’ll also discuss the factors that contribute to the intensity and impact of earthquakes.

Chapter 2: Assessing your home’s seismic safety

Your home is one of the most important places to be prepared for an earthquake. In this chapter, we’ll look at how to assess the seismic safety of your home, including evaluating the foundation, roof, and walls, and securing heavy objects and furniture. We’ll also provide tips on how to retrofit an older home to make it safer during an earthquake.

Chapter 3: Creating an emergency supply kit

In the event of an earthquake, it’s important to have a supply of essential items on hand. In this chapter, we’ll explore what to include in an emergency supply kit, such as food, water, first-aid supplies, and a radio. We’ll also discuss how to store and maintain your kit to ensure it’s always ready when you need it.

Chapter 4: Developing a family emergency plan

An earthquake can happen at any time, so it’s important to have a plan in place to ensure everyone in your family knows what to do. In this chapter, we’ll discuss how to create a family emergency plan, including designating meeting places and communicating with each other in the event of an earthquake.

Chapter 5: Preparing your workplace

In addition to preparing your home, it’s also important to be prepared at work. In this chapter, we’ll look at how to make your workplace safer in the event of an earthquake, including securing heavy objects, preparing emergency supplies, and conducting evacuation drills.

Chapter 6: Being prepared while on the road

Earthquakes can happen anywhere, including when you’re on the road. In this chapter, we’ll discuss how to stay safe while driving during an earthquake, and what to do if you’re caught in a quake while on the road.

Chapter 7: Protecting your finances

An earthquake can cause significant damage to property and disrupt financial stability. In this chapter, we’ll explore how to protect your finances during and after an earthquake, including securing your insurance coverage, creating a financial plan, and recovering from financial losses.

Chapter 8: Staying informed and getting help

In the event of an earthquake, it’s important to have access to accurate information and know how to get help. In this chapter, we’ll discuss the importance of staying informed through local news and social media, and how to access emergency services and support from government agencies and non-profit organizations.

Chapter 9: Caring for yourself and others after an earthquake

The aftermath of an earthquake can be stressful and overwhelming. In this chapter, we’ll look at how to care for yourself and others after a quake, including managing stress and trauma, dealing with emotional and psychological effects, and seeking medical care if needed.

Chapter 10: Rebuilding after an earthquake

In the final chapter, we’ll look at the process of rebuilding after an earthquake. We’ll discuss the importance of working with insurance companies, government agencies,and contractors to ensure a safe and efficient rebuilding process. We’ll also cover tips for minimizing future earthquake damage, such as retrofitting buildings, improving infrastructure, and creating stronger building codes.

Conclusion:

Preparing for an earthquake is a critical step in reducing the impact of these natural disasters. By following the tips and guidance in this book, you can ensure that you and your loved ones are ready in the event of an earthquake. Remember that while we can’t control when earthquakes happen, we can control how we prepare for them and respond when they do.

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