#NeuroScience

[prokopetz]

The whole "the brain isn't fully mature until age 25" bit is actually a fairly impressive bit of psuedoscience for how incredibly stupid the way it misinterprets the data it's based on is.

Okay, so: there's a part of the human brain called the "prefrontal cortex" which is, among other things, responsible for executive function and impulse control. Like most parts of the brain, it undergoes active "rewiring" over time (i.e., pruning unused neural connections and establishing new ones), and in the case of the prefrontal cortex in particular, this rewiring sharply accelerates during puberty.

Because the pace of rewiring in the prefrontal cortex is linked to specific developmental milestones, it was hypothesised that it would slow down and eventually stop in adulthood. However, the process can't directly be observed; the only way to tell how much neural rewiring is taking place in a particular part of the brain is to compare multiple brain scans of the same individual performed over a period of time.

Thus, something called a "longitudinal study" was commissioned: the same individuals would undergo regular brain scans over a period of mayn years, beginning in early childhood, so that their prefrontal development could accurately be tracked.

The longitudinal study was originally planned to follow its subjects up to age 21. However, when the predicted cessation of prefrontal rewiring was not observed by age 21, additional funding was obtained, and the study period was extended to age 25. The predicted cessation of prefrontal development wasn't observed by age 25, either, at which point the study was terminated.

When the mainstream press got hold of these results, the conclusion that prefrontal rewiring continues at least until age 25 was reported as prefrontal development finishing at age 25. Critically, this is the exact opposite of what the study actually concluded. The study was unable to identify a stopping point for prefrontal development because no such stopping point was observed for any subject during the study period. The only significance of the age 25 is that no subjects were tracked beyond this age because the study ran out of funding!

It gets me when people try to argue against the neuroscience-proves-everybody-under-25-is-a-child talking point by claiming that it's merely an average, or that prefrontal development doesn't tell the whole story. Like, no, it's not an average – it's just bullshit. There's no evidence that the cited phenomenon exists at all. If there is an age where prefrontal rewiring levels off and stops (and it's not clear that there is), we don't know what age that is; we merely know that it must be older than 25.

[confusedlamp]

Something to note: This is a preprint, not a peer reviewed study. It doesn't mean it's necessarily wrong or inaccurate, just that it hasn't been evaluated by other neuroscientists yet. Note how there's no journal name. It is listed as a preprint on Research gate, which I looked up to confirm.

Also, from my (non-neuroscientist) understanding, the "brain connections" being referred to are *while* engaging in the essay writing. The finding isn't that LLM's caused permanent damage to peoples' brains. It's more that folks using LLM's to write don't really engage fully and use different parts of their brains while writing the essays. Also, that repeatedly relying on AI across sessions means further disengagement, whereas repeatedly writing the essay without help increases engagement. Also, LLM use messed with participants abilities to remember what they wrote. Basically, the findings suggest that if you want to actually learn anything in the long term from writing (and maintain your ability to write), don't use AI to write the essay.

Also, they did some evaluation of the essays and basically found the LLM essays weren't very good (in terms of how teachers rated them and originality; go look at the paper for more details).

They did, however, find that those who used AI to rewrite a previous essay that they had written unassisted they had the highest level of engagement.

[musingsofminerva]

мιηєяνα

musingsofminerva

[victusinveritas]

From Rebecca Solnit:

When you outsource thinking, your brain goes on vacation. "EEG analysis presented robust evidence that LLM, Search Engine and Brain-only groups had significantly different neural connectivity patterns, reflecting divergent cognitive strategies. Brain connectivity systematically scaled down with the amount of external support: the Brain‑only group exhibited the strongest, widest‑ranging networks, Search Engine group showed intermediate engagement, and LLM assistance elicited the weakest overall coupling."

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.08872

But also here's a fantastic essay on the subject: "Now, in the age of the internet—when the Library of Alexandria could fit on a medium-sized USB stick and the collected wisdom of humanity is available with a click—we’re engaged in a rather large, depressingly inept social experiment of downloading endless knowledge while offloading intelligence to machines. (Look around to see how it’s going). That’s why convincing students that intelligence is a skill they must cultivate through hard work—no shortcuts—has become one of the core functions of education."

https://www.forkingpaths.co/p/the-death-of-the-student-essayand

[bpod-bpod]

A Gut Feeling

The old saying goes that you can “feel it in your gut”. But did you know that neurons in your gut dedicated to feeling physical sensations are vital for digesting your food properly? Called sensory neurons, there are lots of different types that can be distinguished from each other by their shape, electrical properties and chemicals they release. Researchers now identify a new marker for a group of of these nerve cells: a protein called Cdh6. Through a barrage of tests, they revealed Cdh6 neurons demonstrate all the telltale signs of being gut sensory neurons. This includes having a particular shape called 'Dogiel type II' (pictured). Curiously, when these sensory neurons were activated in mice, they caused the gut to rhythmically move backwards in a wave-like motion. This sheds light on a new role for gut sensory neurons.

Image created using Leica Microsystems microscopy

Written by Lux Fatimathas

Image from work by Julieta Gomez-Frittelli and colleagues

Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in eLife, April 2025

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and Bluesky

[isiswolfblog]

FONTE DA FORMAÇÃO DA REALIDADE

Nesse post enorme você entender que Lei da Suposição não é mágica, mas neurociência.

As primeiras estruturas a se desenvolver no útero são o sistema nervoso, especificamente o cérebro e a medula espinhal, seguidos pelo coração e sistema circulatório. O tubo neural, que forma o cérebro e a medula espinhal, começa a se desenvolver no início do primeiro trimestre. O tecido cardíaco também começa a se desenvolver e o coração bate quando o embrião tem cerca de 7 semanas.

Antes do seu coração bater, antes dos seus pulmões se formarem, antes mesmo de você ter um rosto, seu cérebro já havia começado a se formar. Isso não é apenas poético — é ciência. Isso significa que seu corpo não começou com o coração ou a alma. Começou com o centro de controle: o cérebro. Porque sem um cérebro, nada mais funciona. Nenhum sinal é enviado. Nenhum órgão sabe o que fazer. A vida não começa sem instruções. Isso não é uma metáfora. É biologia.

Seu cérebro e medula espinhal são construídos primeiro porque controlam todo o resto. Assim que seu cérebro começa a se formar, ele envia mensagens ao seu corpo: dizendo às suas células para onde ir, como crescer e no que se tornar. Quando seu coração começa a bater por volta da 7ª semana, ele já está seguindo as ordens do seu cérebro. Então, não, seu coração não criou a vida. Seu cérebro o fez. Desde o primeiro dia, seu corpo foi feito para criar vida de dentro para fora — não para esperar que algo externo acontecesse primeiro.

Agora, pense no que isso significa para a manifestação. Seu cérebro é mais do que apenas uma parte física de você. É a ferramenta que você usa para se conectar e criar sua realidade. Ele abriga sua mente consciente (que analisa, pensa e questiona) e sua mente subconsciente (que aceita, armazena e cria com base em repetição e emoção). Tudo o que você experimenta — o que vê, ouve, sente ou imagina — é processado pelo seu cérebro. A realidade não existe apenas "lá fora". Ela só se torna real quando seu cérebro a interpreta. Isso significa que a realidade não é algo que você descobre — é algo que você constrói dentro de si.

Dentro do seu cérebro, existem cerca de 86 bilhões de neurônios. Essas são células minúsculas que funcionam como interruptores elétricos. Elas enviam sinais através de conexões chamadas sinapses. Toda vez que você pensa, lembra de algo ou cria um hábito, está ativando esses neurônios em padrões. Quanto mais você repete um pensamento, mais forte esse padrão se torna. Isso é conhecido como aprendizagem hebbiana: "neurônios que disparam juntos, se conectam juntos". É parte de um processo chamado neuroplasticidade — a capacidade do seu cérebro de se reconfigurar fisicamente com base na repetição.

Agora, aqui está como isso se relaciona com a manifestação: sua mente subconsciente é o que cria sua experiência de vida, não a mente consciente. Seu subconsciente não se importa se algo é "verdadeiro" ou não. Ele simplesmente aceita o que você repete com palavras e foco. Se você continuar dizendo: "Ainda não tenho isso", seu subconsciente aceita isso como um comando. Mas se você mentalmente vive no estado de "já tenho isso", seu subconsciente começa a construir esse resultado como sua nova realidade. Você não está esperando. Você está instalando novas instruções.

E isso não tem nada a ver com precisar de provas do mundo exterior. Você não precisa de um sinal. Você já é a prova. Pense nisso: quando você estava no útero, seu corpo seguiu instruções invisíveis do seu sistema nervoso. Seus braços e pernas se formaram em lugares específicos por causa de sinais do seu cérebro e medula espinhal. Seus órgãos se desenvolveram no ritmo certo por causa das instruções do seu tronco cerebral. Seu sistema imunológico, hormônios e metabolismo — tudo moldado pelo seu sistema nervoso antes mesmo de você nascer.

O mesmo sistema ainda está no comando de tudo.

Você não precisa esperar a vida acontecer. Você só precisa construir um novo plano interno, e seu sistema nervoso o executará. Isso é o que a manifestação realmente é — um processo biológico.

Dentro do seu cérebro, há uma parte chamada Sistema de Ativação Reticular (SAR). Ele age como um filtro. Decide quais informações permitir em sua consciência e quais ignorar. Quando você se concentra em algo mentalmente, seu SAR começa a permitir coisas que correspondem ao que você está pensando. Ele não pede permissão, apenas segue seu foco. Seus pensamentos moldam os filtros do seu cérebro, sua postura, até mesmo a tensão muscular.

Vamos nos aprofundar na ciência. Todo pensamento que você tem cria um sinal elétrico. Esse sinal também cria um campo magnético. Isso pode ser medido com ferramentas médicas como EEG (eletroencefalografia) e MEG (magnetoencefalografia). O pensamento é energia real, não é apenas imaginário. Esses pensamentos mudam suas ondas cerebrais. Seu cérebro então libera químicos como dopamina, serotonina, cortisol e acetilcolina. Suas emoções não são apenas sentimentos. São instruções químicas que reconfiguram seu sistema nervoso.

É por isso que isso importa para a manifestação: seu cérebro não sabe a diferença entre eventos reais e imaginados. Ressonâncias magnéticas mostram que, quando você imagina vividamente fazendo ou tendo algo, as mesmas áreas do cérebro são ativadas como se você realmente estivesse fazendo. Então, se você mentalmente vive no resultado final — se você o vê, sente e confia nele — seu subconsciente começa a agir como se já fosse real. E uma vez que esse estado mental se torna sua forma dominante de ser, seu mundo exterior começa a refletir essa nova verdade.

Essa é a manifestação em sua forma mais clara: não esperar, não desejar, mas comandar sua realidade de dentro para fora.

E aqui está a parte mais poderosa: seu subconsciente também afeta sua biologia. Através de uma ciência chamada epigenética, sabemos que seus pensamentos e emoções podem literalmente ligar ou desligar genes. Seu subconsciente envia sinais químicos que dizem ao seu DNA como se comportar. Isso significa que você pode mudar sua saúde, seu corpo e sua vida, apenas mudando o que você vive mentalmente. Não através da lógica. Mas através de repetição focada e crença emocional profunda. Esse é o poder do seu mundo interior.

E sim — você absolutamente pode manifestar uma pessoa específica. Mesmo que ela não saiba que você existe. Por quê? Porque seu campo de energia não é bloqueado por distância ou tempo. Você não está forçando ninguém. Você está se transformando em uma versão da vida onde essa pessoa já está com você. E quando seu subconsciente aceita isso como realidade, a outra pessoa começa a sentir essa mudança — muitas vezes sem saber por quê. As pessoas respondem ao seu estado interno, não às suas palavras. Você não precisa se livrar de terceiros. Você não precisa perseguir ninguém. Você só precisa se tornar a versão de você que já foi escolhida.

A maioria das pessoas erra nisso porque acha que a manifestação deveria ser lógica. Mas não é. Sua mente consciente quer razões, passos e prazos, mas ela não é a criadora. É apenas a guardiã. O verdadeiro criador é seu subconsciente. Essa parte da sua mente não julga. Ela aceita o que você lhe dá repetidamente com forte emoção. E constrói sua realidade a partir disso.

Seu subconsciente não precisa de provas. Não usa lógica. Só precisa de repetição. E uma vez que aceita algo, seu cérebro, seu corpo e toda a sua vida começam a mudar em torno disso.

Então, pare de tentar entender tudo. Sua mente pensante nunca foi feita para criar sua realidade. Esse não é o seu trabalho. O subconsciente armazena, constrói e executa suas instruções. É o mesmo sistema que criou todo o seu corpo quando você ainda estava no útero, e ainda está fazendo esse trabalho agora.

Quando você mentalmente vive no resultado final, quando continua pensando, sentindo e imaginando — seu cérebro começa a mudar fisicamente. Seu sistema nervoso autônomo muda a forma como seus órgãos funcionam. Seu sistema endócrino altera seus níveis hormonais. Seu comportamento começa a se ajustar sozinho. Você não está forçando resultados. Você está dando novas instruções, e sua biologia segue essas instruções, assim como fez no útero. E isso não para no seu corpo. Seu mundo exterior também começa a mudar. Porque uma vez que seu estado interno dominante está estável, seu sistema nervoso começa a filtrar a realidade de forma diferente. As pessoas, eventos e situações ao seu redor começam a se alinhar com seu novo plano interno. Não por mágica, mas por biologia. Você não está apenas mudando como se sente. Você está mudando o que aparece ao seu redor.

Você não precisa que o mundo exterior mude primeiro. A mudança começa dentro do seu sistema nervoso. É lá que sua realidade é moldada. Seus sentidos trazem dados, mas seu cérebro os edita, filtra e atribui significado. Não é sobre o que acontece, é sobre como seu cérebro o interpreta. E você tem controle sobre isso.

Você está treinando sua mente. Está escolhendo os pensamentos que repete. E esses pensamentos repetidos se tornam sua estrutura mental. Essa estrutura se torna sua vida.

Então, pare de esperar. Você não é apenas um receptor. Você é o construtor da realidade. Seu cérebro veio antes dos seus ossos. Antes da sua respiração. Antes do seu nome. Você não foi feito para reagir à vida. Você foi feito para criá-la de dentro para fora.

Se você ainda acha que a manifestação precisa de tempo, trabalho duro ou ação, você entendeu mal sua biologia. Você não precisa de mais esforço. Precisa de uma programação subconsciente mais profunda. É isso que reconecta seu sistema nervoso. É isso que atualiza sua identidade. É isso que transforma seus resultados.

A ciência comprova.

Você não precisa de lógica.

Seu subconsciente não precisa de provas.

Uma vez que seu estado interno está claro e dominante, sua vida exterior muda para corresponder a ele.

Você nunca esteve esperando.

Você sempre foi construído para criar.

[milliebugydementia]

lets modulate epigenetic stress with mama

[sproutfriend]

function

[mindblowingscience]

The exact nature of long COVID is still coming to light, but we just got some of the best evidence yet that this debilitating condition stems from a brain injury. Using high-resolution scanners, researchers at the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford have shown microscopic, structural abnormalities in the brainstems of those recovering from COVID-19. Signs of brain inflammation were present up to 18 months after first contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Continue Reading.

[prokopetz]

Look, if you suspect that someone has done a joke edit of an image, but you can't see the difference, don't sit there playing Where's Waldo; load the original image and the suspected edit up in separate tabs with identical zoom levels, and rapidly toggle back and forth between them. Don't even look for anything in particular – just flip them back and forth as fast as you can. Even single-pixel discrepancies will immediately become obvious. Make the human brain's fuckass pattern recognition work for you rather than against you!

[diaryofanenchantedprincess]

[reasonsforhope]

Story from the Washington Post here, non-paywall version here.

Washington Post stop blocking linksharing and shit challenge.

"The young woman was catatonic, stuck at the nurses’ station — unmoving, unblinking and unknowing of where or who she was.

Her name was April Burrell.

Before she became a patient, April had been an outgoing, straight-A student majoring in accounting at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore. But after a traumatic event when she was 21, April suddenly developed psychosis and became lost in a constant state of visual and auditory hallucinations. The former high school valedictorian could no longer communicate, bathe or take care of herself.

April was diagnosed with a severe form of schizophrenia, an often devastating mental illness that affects approximately 1 percent of the global population and can drastically impair how patients behave and perceive reality.

“She was the first person I ever saw as a patient,” said Sander Markx, director of precision psychiatry at Columbia University, who was still a medical student in 2000 when he first encountered April. “She is, to this day, the sickest patient I’ve ever seen.” ...

It would be nearly two decades before their paths crossed again. But in 2018, another chance encounter led to several medical discoveries...

Markx and his colleagues discovered that although April’s illness was clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia, she also had lupus, an underlying and treatable autoimmune condition that was attacking her brain.

After months of targeted treatments [for lupus] — and more than two decades trapped in her mind — April woke up.

The awakening of April — and the successful treatment of other people with similar conditions — now stand to transform care for some of psychiatry’s sickest patients, many of whom are languishing in mental institutions.

Researchers working with the New York state mental health-care system have identified about 200 patients with autoimmune diseases, some institutionalized for years, who may be helped by the discovery.

And scientists around the world, including Germany and Britain, are conducting similar research, finding that underlying autoimmune and inflammatory processes may be more common in patients with a variety of psychiatric syndromes than previously believed.

Although the current research probably will help only a small subset of patients, the impact of the work is already beginning to reshape the practice of psychiatry and the way many cases of mental illness are diagnosed and treated.

“These are the forgotten souls,” said Markx. “We’re not just improving the lives of these people, but we’re bringing them back from a place that I didn’t think they could come back from.” ...

Waking up after two decades

The medical team set to work counteracting April’s rampaging immune system and started April on an intensive immunotherapy treatment for neuropsychiatric lupus...

The regimen is grueling, requiring a month-long break between each of the six rounds to allow the immune system to recover. But April started showing signs of improvement almost immediately...

A joyful reunion

“I’ve always wanted my sister to get back to who she was,” Guy Burrell said.

In 2020, April was deemed mentally competent to discharge herself from the psychiatric hospital where she had lived for nearly two decades, and she moved to a rehabilitation center...

Because of visiting restrictions related to covid, the family’s face-to-face reunion with April was delayed until last year. April’s brother, sister-in-law and their kids were finally able to visit her at a rehabilitation center, and the occasion was tearful and joyous.

“When she came in there, you would’ve thought she was a brand-new person,” Guy Burrell said. “She knew all of us, remembered different stuff from back when she was a child.” ...

The family felt as if they’d witnessed a miracle.

“She was hugging me, she was holding my hand,” Guy Burrell said. “You might as well have thrown a parade because we were so happy, because we hadn’t seen her like that in, like, forever.”

“It was like she came home,” Markx said. “We never thought that was possible.”

...After April’s unexpected recovery, the medical team put out an alert to the hospital system to identify any patients with antibody markers for autoimmune disease. A few months later, Anca Askanase, a rheumatologist and director of the Columbia Lupus Center,who had been on April’s treatment team, approached Markx. “I think we found our girl,” she said.

Bringing back Devine

When Devine Cruz was 9, she began to hear voices. At first, the voices fought with one another. But as she grew older, the voices would talk about her, [and over the years, things got worse].

For more than a decade, the young woman moved in and out of hospitals for treatment. Her symptoms included visual and auditory hallucinations, as well as delusions that prevented her from living a normal life.

Devine was eventually diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, which can result in symptoms of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. She also was diagnosed with intellectual disability.

She was on a laundry list of drugs — two antipsychotic medications, lithium, clonazepam, Ativan and benztropine — that came with a litany of side effects but didn’t resolve all her symptoms...

She also had lupus, which she had been diagnosed with when she was about 14, although doctors had never made a connection between the disease and her mental health...

Last August, the medical team prescribed monthly immunosuppressive infusions of corticosteroids and chemotherapy drugs, a regime similar to what April had been given a few years prior. By October, there were already dramatic signs of improvement.

“She was like ‘Yeah, I gotta go,’” Markx said. “‘Like, I’ve been missing out.’”

After several treatments, Devine began developing awareness that the voices in her head were different from real voices, a sign that she was reconnecting with reality. She finished her sixth and final round of infusions in January.

In March, she was well enough to meet with a reporter. “I feel like I’m already better,” Devine said during a conversation in Markx’s office at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where she was treated. “I feel myself being a person that I was supposed to be my whole entire life.” ...

Her recovery is remarkable for several reasons, her doctors said. The voices and visions have stopped. And she no longer meets the diagnostic criteria for either schizoaffective disorder or intellectual disability, Markx said...

Today, Devine lives with her mother and is leading a more active and engaged life. She helps her mother cook, goes to the grocery store and navigates public transportation to keep her appointments. She is even babysitting her siblings’ young children — listening to music, taking them to the park or watching “Frozen 2” — responsibilities her family never would have entrusted her with before her recovery.

Expanding the search for more patients

While it is likely that only a subset of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders have an underlying autoimmune condition, Markx and other doctors believe there are probably many more patients whose psychiatric conditions are caused or exacerbated by autoimmune issues...

The cases of April and Devine also helped inspire the development of the SNF Center for Precision Psychiatry and Mental Health at Columbia, which was named for the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, which awarded it a $75 million grant in April. The goal of the center is to develop new treatments based on specific genetic and autoimmune causes of psychiatric illness, said Joseph Gogos, co-director of the SNF Center.

Markx said he has begun care and treatment on about 40 patients since the SNF Center opened. The SNF Center is working with the New York State Office of Mental Health, which oversees one of the largest public mental health systems in America, to conduct whole genome sequencing and autoimmunity screening on inpatients at long-term facilities.

For “the most disabled, the sickest of the sick, even if we can help just a small fraction of them, by doing these detailed analyses, that’s worth something,” said Thomas Smith, chief medical officer for the New York State Office of Mental Health. “You’re helping save someone’s life, get them out of the hospital, have them live in the community, go home.”

Discussions are underway to extend the search to the 20,000 outpatients in the New York state system as well. Serious psychiatric disorders, like schizophrenia, are more likely to be undertreated in underprivileged groups. And autoimmune disorders like lupus disproportionately affect women and people of color with more severity.

Changing psychiatric care

How many people ultimately will be helped by the research remains a subject of debate in the scientific community. But the research has spurred excitement about the potential to better understand what is going on in the brain during serious mental illness...

Emerging research has implicated inflammation and immunological dysfunction as potential players in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, depression and autism.

“It opens new treatment possibilities to patients that used to be treated very differently,” said Ludger Tebartz van Elst, a professor of psychiatry and psychotherapy at University Medical Clinic Freiburg in Germany.

In one study, published last year in Molecular Psychiatry, Tebartz van Elst and his colleagues identified 91 psychiatric patients with suspected autoimmune diseases, and reported that immunotherapies benefited the majority of them.

Belinda Lennox, head of the psychiatry department at the University of Oxford, is enrolling patients in clinical trials to test the effectiveness of immunotherapy for autoimmune psychosis patients.

As a result of the research, screenings for immunological markers in psychotic patients are already routine in Germany, where psychiatrists regularly collect samples from cerebrospinal fluid.

Markx is also doing similar screening with his patients. He believes highly sensitive and inexpensive blood tests to detect different antibodies should become part of the standard screening protocol for psychosis.

Also on the horizon: more targeted immunotherapy rather than current “sledgehammer approaches” that suppress the immune system on a broad level, said George Yancopoulos, the co-founder and president of the pharmaceutical company Regeneron.

“I think we’re at the dawn of a new era. This is just the beginning,” said Yancopoulos."

-via The Washington Post, June 1, 2023

[funeral]

Antonio Damasio, Descarte's Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain

[stemgirlchic]

why neuroscience is cool

space & the brain are like the two final frontiers

we know just enough to know we know nothing

there are radically new theories all. the. time. and even just in my research assistant work i've been able to meet with, talk to, and work with the people making them

it's such a philosophical science

potential to do a lot of good in fighting neurological diseases

things like BCI (brain computer interface) and OI (organoid intelligence) are soooooo new and anyone's game - motivation to study hard and be successful so i can take back my field from elon musk

machine learning is going to rapidly increase neuroscience progress i promise you. we get so caught up in AI stealing jobs but yes please steal my job of manually analyzing fMRI scans please i would much prefer to work on the science PLUS computational simulations will soon >>> animal testing to make all drug testing safer and more ethical !! we love ethical AI <3

collab with...everyone under the sun - psychologists, philosophers, ethicists, physicists, molecular biologists, chemists, drug development, machine learning, traditional computing, business, history, education, literally try to name a field we don't work with

it's the brain eeeeee

[starlight-bread-blog]

If anyone ever gives you shit for being a picky eater, remember that Law doesn't like bread and Sanji made rice balls for him.