#electrolyte and acid-base

[lexingtonrenalcare]

Nephrology is the subspecialty of internal medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the kidney. Lexington Renal Care Physicians Services in Kentucky We provide services that help you with the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.

[xseffort45]

Electrolytes and why they're important especially when water f4st!ng:

Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate. They are involved in various physiological processes.

During a water f4st, the body can lose electrolytes through various means, such as urine, sweat, and even through breathing.

Without sufficient intake of electrolytes, the body may experience imbalances that can lead to various health issues including:

muscle cramps, dizziness, weakness, irregular heartbeats, and in severe cases, even life-threatening conditions such as de4th.

Here's a breakdown of each electrolyte and its role in the body:

Sodium (Na+):

Role: Sodium is the primary extracellular cation (positively charged ion) and plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and blood pressure. It is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle function.

Source: Commonly found in table salt (sodium chloride) and many processed foods.

Potassium (K+):

Role: Potassium is the primary intracellular cation. It helps regulate fluid balance, nerve impulses, muscle contractions (including the heart), and maintains proper cellular function.

Source: Found in various fruits and vegetables, such as bananas, oranges, potatoes, and spinach.

Calcium (Ca2+):

Role: Calcium is essential for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It also plays a key role in muscle contractions, nerve transmission, blood clotting, and cell signaling.

Source: Dairy products, leafy greens, nuts, and fortified non-dairy milk.

Magnesium (Mg2+):

Role: Magnesium is involved in hundreds of enzymatic reactions in the body, including energy production, protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, and maintaining healthy bones.

Source: Found in nuts, seeds, whole grains, leafy greens, and legumes.

Chloride (Cl-):

Role: Chloride is the major extracellular anion (negatively charged ion) and works closely with sodium to help maintain fluid balance and osmotic pressure in cells.

Source: Commonly found in table salt (sodium chloride) and many processed foods.

Bicarbonate (HCO3-):

Role: Bicarbonate is involved in regulating the body's acid-base balance (pH level) and is a crucial component of the bicarbonate buffering system.

Source: The body produces bicarbonate as part of normal metabolic processes.

Phosphate (HPO42-):

Role: Phosphate is essential for bone and teeth mineralization, energy production (adenosine triphosphate, ATP), and serves as a component of DNA and RNA.

Source: Found in various foods, including meat, dairy products, nuts, and whole grains.

To prevent these complications and support the body during a water f4st, it is crucial to supplement with electrolytes.

Many people who practice prolonged water f4st!ng or intermittent f4st!ng find it helpful to take electrolyte supplements or consume electrolyte-rich drinks to ensure they maintain proper mineral balance throughout the f4!sting period. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any regimen or supplement routine, as individual needs may vary.

[napfordinner]

My lovely friends, this is a friendly evidence-based post pertaining to the risk reduction of a few well-known health effects of 4n4 and mia. Including: Amenorrhea (loss of regular menstrual period), anaemia, digestive upset, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, general well-being, and osteoporosis. It is quite a long post, but please let me know if there’s any other information you would like me to cover. 💕

🪐 Vitamins and Supplements:

• A-Z Multivitamin. Is beneficial for supplementation. For example, Vitamin C is a vitally important vitamin for the body’s connective tissues, including the maintenance of healthy bones and teeth, cellular formation and maturation, resistance to infection, and an increased ability to heal. Additionally, B12 contributes to an adequately functioning nervous system, bone marrow, and intestinal tract. It also acts to increase metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. Finally vitamin B2 when combined with Vitamin A promotes good vision and healthy skin, as well as assists in metabolising proteins and fats at a cellular level.

• Calcium and Vitamin D. Seek a preparation which offers 1000mg of calcium and 10-20mcg (400-800 iu) of vitamin D. Vitamin D increases the bodies efficacy during the absorption, retention, and metabolising of calcium. Calcium of course being vital for bone integrity and imperative for the prevention of osteopenia/osteoporosis.

• Iron. An appropriate iron intake will restore the functionality of red blood cells, allowing the proper oxygen transportation around the body, increase focus, energy, athletic performance, and sleep. Having a sufficient iron store will alleviate some commonly experienced symptoms of low iron including fatigue, dizziness, pallor, and shortness of breath. It may also reduce the sensation of cold hands and feet.

• Potassium and Zinc. A lack of zinc impairs the ability to smell and taste. Connecting this impairment to nose blindness. For example, a lack of a sense of smell and taste may impair one’s own ability to detect their own bad breath, BO, and other unpleasant smells that others may be able to detect.

• Omega 3’s - Fish oil, Krill oil, Hemp oil, or Flaxseed oil. Improper dietary intake, or supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids will result in areas of epidermal (skin) dryness, hyperkeratosis, and hyperpigmentation. As well as the formation large scales expose underlying tissue, which are easily infected. The hair becomes sparse, dry, lusterless, and brittle, with a reddish tinge. Furthermore, nails become brittle and dull, tear production reduces, the tears are also significantly less oily leading to increased evaporation contributing to chronically dry, red, and itchy eyes.

If oil supplements are scary for you to intake due to calorie fears (there is only approx 25 calories in 2 average fish oil capsules). There are dietary sources of omega 3 that are relatively low calorie including chia seeds, edamame, and seaweed. However they provide little amounts in comparison to supplementation or traditional dietary sources such as fish, avocado, oils etc.

However this should also be considered when deciding whether to supplement omega 3’s - they stimulate the secretion of leptin, a hormone that decreases appetite and promotes the burning of fat. Through the enabling of conversion of dietary fats into body cells for burning as fuel.

🍄 Dietary Intake

•Bone broth (or vegetable broth if meat is not apart of your diet ☺️) I cannot stress how great bone broth is! Extremely low calorie, but incredibly nutrient-dense. It also acts to decrease the inflammation within the gut that many of us will experience due to our dietary habits. Including conditions such as constipation, gastroparesis, liver disease, bloating, abdominal pain, and stomach ulceration.

Bone broth also contains large amounts of protein, collagen, iron, vitamins A and K, fatty acids, selenium, zinc, and manganese. Protein being the most satiating macronutrient can decrease hunger and associated discomfort. Collagen and the variety of micronutrients within the bone broth contributes to joint and bone health. Bone broth will also contribute to hydration.

•Nutrient-dense foods including blueberries l are among the best sources of anthocyanins (antioxidants) that promote brain health and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Additionally, red tomatoes and red capsicum (Peppers). Tomatoes are the richest source of lycopene, which is a type of carotenoid found in red fruits that has powerful antioxidant effect that may help protect against heart disease and certain types of cancer.

•Fibre is imperative for smooth gastrointestinal function, including regular bowel movements. Fibre is of course typically found in whole fruits and vegetables, beans/lentils, and whole grains. Low calorie fibre sources include: red kidney beans, carrot, and chickpeas. Psyllium, chia seeds are also good sources of fibre. Fibre supplants such as Metamucil may also aid to increase fibre intake. An adequate intake of fibre may reduce the dependence of laxative for bowel movements. Prolonged use of laxatives may create a dependency on them to even have a bowel movement.

🥥 Adequate Hydration

• The best way to ensure adequate hydration is simply by consuming enough water during the day. However, if plain water consumption is difficult, fluid intake will also suffice. Including fluid such as teas, flavoured/enhanced water, diet soft drinks, juices, etc. The optimal fluids to consume in addition to, or instead of simple water to ensure adequate hydration is mineral water, coconut water, or diet electrolyte replacements (Powerade/Gatorade, Pedialyte, Hydralyte). Correct hydration and electrolyte intake will reduce headaches, constipation, and muscle cramps/weakness.

❤️ Reproductive Health

•Amenorrhea is a common experience for those of us with a uterus. However it is imperative to understand that you are more than likely still ovulating despite the lack of a regular menstrual period. Therefore, contraception must still be used. Amenorrhea may be alleviated through dietary supplementation and small changes to the diet to include more micronutrients, but it may not be completely fixed unless there is an increase to body fat percentages.

[luna-rainbow]

that ask/meta about Bucky and sleeping broke my heart. I always feel sad when seeing that scene of them manhandling Bucky out of the vault and so but to know they manhandled him while he was basically dead is just sad as hell. he deserved better than a bunch of criminals doing that to him. 😔

while writing this a question came to my mind: what do you think are all the things attached to his body in that opening scene of civil war? I always thought the mask was oxygen but if he was basically dead then he didn't need oxygen, right? plus he's not wearing a mask in other times when we saw him being put under cryo, so what was that for? and the things around his chest??

Thanks for the ask! Cryo is not at all within the realm of my knowledge because there’s complicated physics involved 😂 And to be fair, I think this is classic movie science where the creators themselves have done very little research into how cryo is achieved.

This article provides a good run-down of the theory behind cryopreservation, but it’s from 2008 and technology and our understanding of cell metabolism is likely different now.

To summarise:

The subject needs to be cooled to -120C to be held in cryostasis. At these temperatures, chemical reactions are so slow that the cells can stay stable for centuries.

Blood is removed before the subject has been cooled below 0C and vitrification mixtures are injected into the subject to prevent ice crystal formation. This mixture is toxic, so has to be tightly controlled for the temperature it is given.

Another factor to control for is reperfusion injury upon warming and re-infusing the subject with blood.

Other interesting facts noted in that article is that humans have been cooled to 16-24C with cardiac arrest of more than an hour, then reawakened without neurological damage, which is impressive given brain damage is said to occur within minutes of cardiac arrest at normal body temperature.

Importantly though, the article doesn’t seem to mention any cases where an entire mammal has been successfully resurrected from cryo, much less multiple rounds of freeze-thaw cycles that Bucky had to go through. A lot of what it discusses in theory is on the basis of maximising the preservation of brain tissue, while sacrificing other organs to potential damage (I think the article said something along the lines of “in the future stem cell technology would take care of all those damaged organs!” which…isn’t going to help poor Buck out)

What I can’t find with my (very limited) reading is how the blood is stored after it is replaced. Presumably it is also cryopreserved separately? Because transfusing someone else’s blood into the subject’s body will cause huge issues. The other major difference between current data and Bucky’s situation is that current cryo methods are for the preservation of recently deceased bodies, while Bucky is still alive when he is placed into cryo.

So uh, assuming Bucky’s cryo is anything based in current real world science, he’s likely to have attachments for: heart monitoring and defibrillation, airway support and oxygen supply, large bore intravenous lines for rapid blood removal and replacement which would also help control the cooling/warming, some sort of real time monitoring of acid-base and electrolyte and oxygenation levels and replacement, and maybe some sort of EEG to monitor brainwaves. The blue glowing buttons are kiiiinda in the right place for heart monitor if we’re assuming a 3-lead system and the other one is hidden on his right side.

Keep in mind, this is not taking into account any magic effect the serum might have, ie maybe cryosuspension and revitalisation is only possible because of the serum, and maybe crystallisation isn’t an issue because of the serum.

And this is going to be TMI but I wonder what the effect of intestinal contents would be on cryo. Limiting his intestinal contents is partly the reason why I feel like Bucky likely didn’t have a lot of chance to eat real food, and likely got most of his nutrition as some sort of prescribed nutrition mix that would give him the energy hit he needs for the mission. Assuming that his gut will go into hibernation mode with cryo and probably won’t digest properly at least for a few days (much longer if he were a normal human), I suspect they’ll go for IV nutrition if they need him functional quickly. (* This won’t be one of his lines during cryo obviously cos he won’t need the support)

So yeah, all those fics about Bucky exploring oral textures and tastes of foods as a part of his recovery has a special place in my heart.

[angianes]

must have books | dear nursing student

After being accepted into nursing school, I had no idea what to do next. I started looking up all kinds of stuff trying to figure out what to expect; YouTube, ALLNURSES, Instagram etc. I took bits and pieces of advice from all of them. I'm going to start by sharing the books I have found useful. This is mostly dedicated to those that procrastinate or can't stay focused long enough, like me. These are easy reads that are broken down into small sections which makes them engaging.

Pre-Nursing School ○ Saunders NCLEX-RN

This book should be purchased before you even get a stethoscope. Things to study before starting first semester  — ○ Fluids and Electrolytes ○ Acid-Base Balance ○ Vital Signs ○ EVERYTHING ABOUT DIABETES MELLITUS Practicing the clinical application questions will be good review to get yourself use to the types of questions you'll see on your first quiz and test.

Pre- or During Nursing School ○ Pearsons Pathophysiology Reviews and Rationales ○ Elsevier Nursing Diagnosis Handbook | An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care

— these two books saved me during first semester —  ○ Learn how to use the NDH, it's a lifesaver | Elsevier ○ Get familiar with pathophysiology, nursing assessments, client-centered nursing care, nursing interventions | Pearsons R&R

Moving onto Pharmacology ○ Pearsons Pharmacology Reviews and Rationales ○ Pearsons Nurse's Drug Guide

I plan to continue to use Pearson Reviews and Rationales books through the rest of my nursing program. These books are far from the dense nursing school textbooks but contain the same information. Alongside the Saunders NCLEX-RN, you should be set for your nursing school journey.

NOTE — Please stop buying other peoples notes, TAKE YOUR OWN NOTES! These books have more information than any individualized notes seller out there. Taking your own notes allows you to personalized your perspective on the topics you learn.

[school56df]

The Evolution of Packaged Food Products Ideas Convenience Meets Nutrition

Fruits

Apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries, and berries are famous worldwide for his or her sweetness and dietary blessings.

Vegetables

Leafy greens like spinach and kale, root greens which include carrots and potatoes, and cruciferous veggies like broccoli and cauliflower provide essential nutrients.

Herbs and Spices

Fresh herbs like basil, cilantro, and mint enhance the taste of dishes while presenting medicinal advantages.

Grains and Cereal Products

Grains are a staple in lots of diets internationally. They offer electricity through carbohydrates and are often enriched with extra nutrients. Common grain merchandise include:

Rice

 A staple in many Asian and Latin American cuisines, rice is flexible and available in sorts together with white, brown, and wild rice.

Wheat and Bread Products

Bread, pasta, and pastries are crafted from wheat and are commonplace in many Western diets. Whole wheat options are frequently preferred for his or her higher fiber content.

Oats and Cereals:

 Breakfast cereals made from oats, corn, and wheat provide a quick and handy alternative for starting the day.

Dairy Products

Dairy merchandise are derived from milk and are an vital source of calcium, protein, and different nutrients. Dairy items encompass:

Milk: 

Available in numerous forms, along with entire, skim, and plant-primarily based alternatives like almond and soy milk.

Cheese: 

A flexible meals product, cheese comes in loads of sorts, consisting of cheddar, mozzarella, and Parmesan, each with particular flavors and textures.

Yogurt: 

Yogurt is a probiotic-rich food that promotes intestine fitness. Varieties consist of Greek yogurt, flavored yogurt, and plant-primarily based options.

Meat and Seafood Products

Meat and seafood offer essential proteins, nutrients, and minerals like iron and zinc. There are numerous varieties of meat and seafood merchandise, consisting of:

Red Meat

 Beef, lamb, and beef are resources of protein and are broadly consumed globally.

Poultry 

Chicken and turkey are famous alternatives because of their lean protein content and flexibility in cooking.

Seafood 

Fish like salmon, tuna, and shrimp are wealthy in omega-3 fatty acids, that are beneficial for heart health.

 Plant-Based Products

With the upward thrust of vegetarian and vegan diets, plant-based totally food merchandise have grow to be greater prominent. These gadgets are designed to mimic the flavor and texture of animal products however are made absolutely from vegetation. Examples encompass:

Plant-Based Meats

Alternatives to traditional meat made from soy, pea protein, or mushrooms. Brands like Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods provide burgers, sausages, and more.

Dairy-Free Milk and Cheese: 

Almond, soy, oat, and coconut milk are not unusual options to dairy, along with plant-based cheeses crafted from nuts or starches.

Processed and Packaged Foods

Processed foods are the ones that have been altered from their natural nation for comfort, protection, or taste. These can variety from minimally processed items, like bagged salad veggies, to closely processed snacks and frozen meals. Some examples are:

Canned Goods

Canned greens, culmination, and beans provide convenience and a longer shelf life.

Frozen Foods

Frozen dinners, pizzas, and vegetables are popular for his or her ease of instruction.

Snack Foods

Chips, crackers, cookies, and other snacks are widely fed on however should be enjoyed carefully due to excessive stages of sugar, salt, and fat.

Beverages

Beverages embody a extensive range of products, from water to complicated electricity liquids. Important classes consist of:

Water

Still and sparkling water, flavored waters, and more advantageous waters with introduced electrolytes or vitamins.

Juices

Fruit and vegetable juices are popular for his or her clean taste, however they also can include excessive degrees of sugar.

Coffee and Tea: 

Widely fed on round the arena, espresso and tea are available in diverse forms, consisting of equipped-to-drink alternatives, ground coffee, and tea luggage.

Soft Drinks

Sodas, electricity beverages, and flavored carbonated beverages, even as famous, are regularly criticized for his or her sugar content.

 Baked Goods and Confectioneries

Baked items and sweets are liked across cultures and come in many paperwork, from simple to problematic. Examples include:

Bread and Rolls

 Baguettes, sourdough, and multigrain breads are staples in lots of houses.

Pastries

Croissants, truffles, and donuts are enjoyed as snacks or breakfast treats.

Food Product Ideas merchandise encompass a wide variety of objects designed for human consumption, and they come in many bureaucracy to meet unique dietary wishes, possibilities, and lifestyles. From clean produce to packaged items, meals products play a crucial position in day by day nutrition, cultural traditions, and the worldwide economy. Below, we explore numerous classes of meals products, their importance, and trends shaping the enterprise.

Fresh Produce

Fresh end result, greens, and herbs are foundational additives of a wholesome food plan. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which can be vital for retaining suitable fitness. 

Sweets and Candies

Food Products Brands is  Chocolates, gummies, and sweets, while indulgent, have to be consumed in moderation.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Green hydrogen: Improving the stability of iridium catalysts with titanium oxides

Anodes for the electrolytic splitting of water are usually iridium-based materials. In order to increase the stability of the iridium catalyst, a team at HZB and a group at HI-ERN have now produced a so-called material library: a sample in which the concentration of iridium and titanium oxides is systematically varied. Analyses of the individual sample segments at BESSY II in the EMIL laboratory showed that the presence of titanium oxides can increase the stability of the iridium catalyst significantly. One option for storing energy from the sun or wind is the production of "green" hydrogen by electrolysis. Hydrogen stores energy in chemical form and releases it again when burnt, producing no exhaust gases, only water. Today, iridium is the state-of-the-art catalyst for this reaction. However, iridium increasingly dissolves in the acidic environment of the electrolysis cell so that the catalytic effect quickly wanes.

Read more.

[nimupates]

What is the Alkaline Diet? A Complete Guide for Beginners

The Alkaline Diet: A Healthy Eating Plan for Optimal Wellness

The alkaline diet has become an increasingly popular way of eating that promotes overall health and wellness. This eating plan focuses on foods that help balance your body's pH levels to create an environment that supports healthy cells and tissues.

What is the Alkaline Diet?

The alkaline diet is based on the principle that the foods you eat can alter your body's pH balance and impact your health. The ultimate goal is to create an internal environment that has a pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly alkaline. Foods are categorized as either acidic, alkaline, or neutral: Alkaline foods - Fruits, nuts, legumes, and vegetables Acidic foods - Meat, dairy, eggs, grains, alcohol, and processed foods Neutral foods - Natural fats, starches, and sugars By emphasizing alkaline foods and limiting acidic foods, proponents of this diet believe it can help neutralize chronic low-grade acidosis linked to inflammation, fatigue, and increased disease risk.

Benefits of an Alkaline Diet

Following an alkaline diet offers impressive benefits: Promotes pH balance Reduces inflammation Boosts immunity Increases energy Aids weight loss efforts Improves cardiovascular health Strengthens bones Detoxifies the body The diet focuses on nutrient-dense whole foods that provide antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water to help neutralize acids and remove toxins from the body. Balances pH Levels One of the main goals of the alkaline diet is to balance the body's pH levels. Chronic low-grade acidosis happens when acidic wastes accumulate in the body faster than they can be neutralized. This causes the body's pH to drop into unhealthy ranges. The alkaline diet counteracts this acidity and helps: Regulate fluids and electrolytes Filter out toxins and wastes Transport nutrients into cells Together this provides an ideal environment for cells and systems to function properly. Reduces Inflammation Acidosis creates an environment inside the body that promotes inflammation, a key factor in many chronic diseases. The anti-inflammatory foods emphasized on the alkaline diet can help reduce acidity and calm this internal fire. Some examples include: Fruits high in vitamin C Green leafy vegetables Nuts like almonds and walnuts Plant-based proteins like lentils and beans Lower levels of inflammation helps people feel better day-to-day. But even more importantly, it lowers the risk for disorders caused by chronic inflammation. Other Key Benefits Some other top reasons to follow the alkaline diet include: Increased Energy Levels - A balanced pH provides cells with ideal conditions for producing energy. Healthy Weight - The diet emphasizes low energy-density foods that support weight loss. Strong Bones - The diet provides bone-building nutrients often lacking in modern diets. Detoxification - Alkaline foods help remove acidic waste products and toxins. Together this creates an internal terrain that discourages damaged cells and chronic diseases from taking root.

The Best Alkaline Foods to Eat

Focus your diet around these alkaline superfoods: Fruits Fruits are packed with alkaline-promoting nutrients. Choose fresh or frozen organic when possible. Top picks include: Lemons Watermelon Apple Grapefruit Kiwi Berries Papaya Pears Vegetables Aim for eating a variety of organic vegetables each day. Great options include: Spinach Kale Cucumbers Celery Carrots Sweet potatoes Broccoli Sea vegetables Nuts and Seeds Nuts and seeds are excellent sources of protein and healthy fats. Soak nuts before eating to boost nutrients. Try: Almonds Flaxseeds Pumpkin seeds Sunflower seeds Chestnuts Chia seeds Herbs, Spices and Oils Boost flavor and pH with these additions: Lemongrass Ginger Turmeric Cinnamon Garlic Cold-pressed olive oil Coconut oil Avocado oil

Foods to Avoid on the Diet

To balance your pH effectively, you’ll also want to avoid or limit these acidic foods: Red meat Poultry Seafood Eggs Dairy products Processed grains Sugar Packaged snacks Soda Alcohol Coffee Even whole grains and beans - two staples of healthy diets - should be eaten sparingly since they skew acidic.

Additional Tips for Success

Follow these suggestions to make the most of an alkaline diet: Stay well hydrated with alkaline water Enjoy herbal teas Reduce stress through yoga, meditation, etc. Exercise at least 30 minutes daily Add more raw foods slowly Focus on how you feel As with any significant change to your diet, implement this eating pattern gradually. This gives your body time to adjust its complex systems. Pay attention to the signals your body is sending about the changes. Over time, you should feel less internal "discomfort" and more vibrant energy. Chronic issues you learned to tolerate could show improvement or fade away completely.

The Bottom Line

The emerging research shows an alkaline diet may be an extremely healthy way to prevent damage from modern diets and lifestyles. While studies continue, adjusting your eating pattern to favor alkaline foods poses little risk and offers tremendous potential. It provides a sustainable, nutrient-dense approach to eating that fights inflammation and encourages good health starting on the inside! Doctor Sebi Cell Food Diet Explained: Components, Purported Benefits, Controversy & Safety Reviewed Read the full article

[optimal-living-lab]

Boost Your Fitness and Performance with the Right Supplements

In the pursuit of improved fitness and performance, many athletes and fitness enthusiasts turn to supplements to give them an edge. While a balanced diet should always be the foundation, certain supplements can complement your training regimen and help you reach your goals faster. Let’s explore some of the most effective supplements for enhancing fitness and performance.

1. Protein Powders

Protein is essential for muscle repair and growth, making it a cornerstone of any fitness program. Protein powders, such as whey, casein, and plant-based options like pea or hemp protein, offer a convenient way to increase your protein intake. They can be consumed as shakes or added to smoothies, providing a quick and easy source of high-quality protein.

2. Creatine

Creatine is one of the most researched supplements for improving strength and power. It works by increasing the body’s stores of phosphocreatine, which helps regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. This can lead to improved performance during high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprinting.

3. Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

BCAAs, including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids that play a crucial role in muscle protein synthesis. Supplementing with BCAAs can help reduce muscle breakdown during exercise, enhance recovery, and promote muscle growth.

4. Beta-Alanine

Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that combines with histidine to form carnosine, a compound that helps buffer acid in muscles during high-intensity exercise. By increasing muscle carnosine levels, beta-alanine supplementation may delay fatigue and improve endurance during activities like sprinting and interval training.

5. Caffeine

Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that can enhance performance in various ways. It increases alertness, reduces perceived exertion, and can improve endurance by stimulating the release of adrenaline and mobilizing fatty acids for energy. Caffeine can be consumed in supplement form or obtained from sources like coffee and tea.

6. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements, have anti-inflammatory properties that can benefit athletes by reducing exercise-induced inflammation and promoting faster recovery. Additionally, omega-3s support cardiovascular health, which is crucial for overall fitness and performance.

7. Vitamin D

Vitamin D plays a vital role in bone health, muscle function, and immune function, making it important for athletes and active individuals. Many people have suboptimal levels of vitamin D, especially those who live in northern latitudes or spend limited time outdoors. Supplementing with vitamin D can help ensure adequate levels for optimal performance and overall health.

8. Electrolytes

Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium are essential for hydration, muscle function, and nerve signaling. During intense exercise, especially in hot conditions, electrolyte losses through sweat can impair performance and increase the risk of cramping. Electrolyte supplements or sports drinks can help replenish these crucial minerals and maintain electrolyte balance.

9. Nitric Oxide Boosters

Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule that dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow to muscles and improving nutrient and oxygen delivery. Supplements containing ingredients like citrulline and beetroot extract can enhance NO production, leading to better endurance and performance during workouts.

Conclusion

Supplements can be valuable tools for enhancing fitness and performance when used appropriately alongside a well-rounded diet and training program. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements, stay within recommended dosages, and consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist if you have any concerns or underlying health conditions. With the right combination of supplements and dedication to your fitness goals, you can maximize your potential and achieve the results you desire.

[contemptuous-lump-of-flesh]

Efficient Purging

Antacid (preferably H2 antagonist like famotidine) before binge to prevent excess acid production & digestion. Earlier the better (up to an hour).

Water periodically during binge to help soften and ease return journey.

Nitrile gloves are helpful for easy clean up + preventing acid on nails/hands, for those who need oral stimulation to initiate.

Sink-based "garbage disposals" will grind any large bits, and no potential splash from standing water. Also usually a sprayer head for washing off.

Invert upper body and rhythmically flex core muscles to squeeze food into upper part of stomach for removal.

Once most has been removed, invert upper body on the left side at an angle. The stomach is curved and a significant portion can become trapped (for our purposes) in the lower "chamber", so angling down and to left will help it slide out, along with core flexing.

Water and Gatorade Zero after to help replace electrolytes.

Brush your teeth, of course.

[that-one-girl-studies]

Some help for fellow Phlebotomy students!

This is the saying that helps me remember the order of draw for venipuncture:

Yellow (blood cultures)

Light (PT, PTT, Coagulation)

Stop (Chemistry testing)

Green (Any plasma test except plasma cells)

Light (Blood group, Carbon Monoxide levels, CBC)

Go (Glucose, Lactic acid, Blood alcohol levels)

And then these are the tubes and their functions!

Yellow tube:

Blood cultures

Invert 8-10x

Light blue tube:

PT

PTT

Coagulation studies.

Always draw two.

Invert 3-4x

Red, tiger, or gold tubes:

Chemistry testing

Electrolyte panel:

Bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, chloride, potassium, sodium

Basic metabolic panels:

Electrolyte panel, BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium

Drug monitoring:

Digoxin, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid, methotrexate, lithium, theophylline

Comprehensive metabolic panel

Basic metabolic panel, hepatic function panel

Hepatic function panel

ALT, AST, Bilirubin, albumin, total proteins

Total cholesterol

HDL, LDL

Lipid panel

HDL, LDL, TG

Thyroid profile

T3, T4, TSH

Individual tests

Folic acid, Vitamin B12, HIV, hCG

Invert 5-6x

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Capillary/Dermal Tubes:

Pink tube:

Blood bank studies

Rh typing

Pearl/white tube:

bDNA

Keep on ice.

Royal blue with purple or red stripe:

Toxicology

Heavy metal testing

Chain of custody.

Tan, royal blue (no stripe), or lavender:

Lead levels

Royal blue (plain):

Trace metal analysis.

Sodium Heparin

Pale yellow:

Compatibility for transplant

DNA & Paternity testing.

Chain of custody

ACD

Capillary/Dermal Tubes END

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dark or light green tubes:

Any plasma test EXCEPT plasma cells

C reactive protein for inflammation

Immunoglobin A measures antibodies and tests for autoimmune diseases

Liver enzymes

Bone marrow disorders

Serum HCG

Gets spun!

Lithium heparin

Sodium heparin (Dark green)

Ammonium Heparin

Invert 8-10x

Lavender tubes:

Blood group (ABO)

Carbon monoxide levels

CBC

Hemoglobin

Hematocrit

RBC

WBC

WBC w/ diff.

Platelets

Hemoglobin A1c

Rh typing

Sickle cell anemia

ANY blood cells

EDTA

Invert 8-10 times

Gray tubes:

Glucose

Glucose fasting and tolerance testing

Lactic acid

Do NOT use tourniquet

Patient does NOT need to make a fist

Blood alcohol levels:

DO NOT USE alcohol-based antiseptic

USE Chlorhexidine as an antiseptic.

Potassium Oxalate

Sodium Fluoride

Invert 8-10 times

Feel free to let me know if you have any questions, or if I missed something!! This is straight from my notebook, so it's highly likely that I missed something!

Have a wonderful day and stay safe!!

[themomjoy]

Nourishing Your Body After Baby: 20 Postpartum Superfoods

Congratulations on your bundle of joy! As a new mom, taking care of yourself is just as important as caring for your newborn. Your body has been through an incredible journey, and proper nourishment is key to replenishing your energy levels, aiding recovery, and supporting milk production if you're breastfeeding. Here are 20 powerhouse foods that should be on your postpartum menu:

1. Oatmeal

This humble grain is a postpartum all-star. Oatmeal provides gentle carbs to replenish your glycogen stores and is packed with fiber to keep your digestive system running smoothly.

2. Eggs

Eggs are an excellent source of protein, which can help soothe those sore muscles from labor. Look for omega-3 fortified eggs for an extra nutritional boost.

3. Apples

Crisp and refreshing, apples can help clean your palate and provide much-needed fiber and hydration.

4. Chicken Soup

There's a reason chicken soup is a classic remedy – the broth is hydrating and replenishes electrolytes lost during labor.

5. Nuts and Nut Butters

Nuts and nut butters are a convenient source of healthy fats and protein, providing sustained energy for those sleepless nights.

6. Fatty Fish

Salmon, tuna, and other fatty fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for your baby's brain development if you're breastfeeding.

7. Avocados

Avocados are another excellent source of healthy fats, which are essential for your recovery and overall well-being.

8. Lean Meats

Lean meats like chicken, turkey, and lean beef provide protein, iron, and zinc to prevent anemia from blood loss during childbirth.

9. Leafy Greens

Load up on nutrient-dense leafy greens like spinach, kale, and Swiss chard. They're packed with folate, iron, and fiber to support your postpartum needs.

10. Yogurt

Yogurt is a versatile postpartum food that provides probiotics to aid digestion and protein for recovery.

11. Beans and Lentils

These plant-based powerhouses are excellent sources of protein, fiber, iron, and zinc – all essential nutrients for postpartum recovery.

12. Sweet Potatoes

Sweet potatoes are rich in vitamin A, which plays a crucial role in postpartum tissue healing.

13. Berries

Antioxidant-rich berries like blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries provide vitamin C for wound healing and overall immune support.

14. Whole Grains

Whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, and whole-wheat bread offer energizing complex carbs and fiber to keep you feeling satisfied.

15. Bone Broth

Sipping on bone broth is a comforting way to support tissue repair, as it contains collagen, a key component of connective tissue.

16. Seeds

Nutrient-dense seeds like chia and flaxseeds provide fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for postpartum recovery.

17. Bananas

Bananas are a great source of potassium, which can help restore electrolyte levels after childbirth.

18. Bell Peppers

Colorful bell peppers are loaded with vitamin C, which aids in recovery and immune function.

19. Milk

If you're breastfeeding, milk is a must-have for hydration, protein, calcium, and vitamin D.

20. Water

Last but not least, water is crucial for milk production and overall recovery. Aim for at least 96 ounces (or about 3 liters) of water daily. Remember, the key to postpartum nourishment is focusing on nutrient-dense foods rich in protein, fiber, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. These foods will aid in healing, boost energy levels, and support milk production if you're breastfeeding. Nourish your body, and it will nourish your baby. Enjoy this special time with your little one, and don't forget to take care of yourself, too!

[survivingsusac]

What do you know about hyperchloremia?

It’s latin for high chloride in the blood.

Jumping right in today because I'm too tired for my typical rambles. Unusual, I know. And borderline concerning.

I got a complete blood panel workup done this week. It's a typical lab ordered for people who are on intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulins. I was on intravenous and now I do my own subcutaneous. A complete blood panel is used to make sure that the somewhat heavy medication isn't taking a negative toll on your body's organs, focusing on the kidney and liver function. As those are the organs that filter things out of the circulatory system.

Pretty much everything was in normal levels which is great. I like being “healthy."

That was ironic humor for those of you who may have missed it. Aurora is not “healthy,” but she finds it ironically funny that her levels are in the ”healthy” range.

Interestingly, there was one metric that was on the tippy top high end of the normal range. My chloride levels.

What is chloride?

Chloride is a mineral electrolyte in your blood which helps maintain the acid base balance in your blood. Chloride is measured on a spectrum called the pH scale, which ranges from zero to 14. 7, being smack dab in the middle, is true neutral. Healthy pH of blood is normally slightly basic with a pH range of about 7.35 to 7.45. Usually, the body maintains the pH of blood close to 7.40. Blood tests, like my full blood panel work up, measure the acid base balance by measuring the pH and levels of carbon dioxide-a gas which makes your blood more acidic-and bicarbonate-a base, present in antacids like Alka seltzer-in the blood.

Electrolytes help control nerve and muscle function.

*This information immediately connected little dots in my brain between spasticity and chloride*

The amount of chloride in your blood is often measured with other electrolytes to monitor kidney disease heart failure liver disease and high blood pressure.

What part of your body makes chloride?

High cortisol levels play a part in chloride increases. Cortisol, often called the stress hormone, is produced by the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands sit like tiny little berets on the top of each kidney.

Higher chloride levels in brain region weakens synaptic transmission in the cortex. High chloride = slow brain neuron firing, like you’re sleeping.

What does a high chloride level really mean? Explain it like I’m five, please.

High chloride can indicate that you are dehydrated, that you have kidney disease, that you have metabolic acidosis or respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is when your blood is too acidic (low on the pH scale). Respiratory alkalosis is when you breathe excessively or hyperventilate so you have too much carbon dioxide in your blood so it’s more basic (high on the pH scale).

The most common culprit for elevated chloride is dehydration. And your girl Aurora is chronically dehydrated. So while I have my theories of why my adrenal glands began over-producing cortisol, I also recognize that I have a serious problem with keeping myself hydrated.

Side bar:

If you can’t connect the dots to how I would have experienced an increase in cortisol-the stress hormone-would play a role in a physiological response in my body, all I can say is have you read the blog? Not trying to be rude. But here’s the bullet point Spark Notes style version:

Fight or flight response active for entirety of marriage

Adrenal glands on, increase in cortisol and apparently chloride

Habitual issue with hydration (not helping the chloride processing situation)

That’s it. That’s my Spark Notes version.

Aurora is verbose by nature, but she can break things down into the short and sweet. But you’ll need the contextual knowledge for what is contained in those bullets points for it to mean much to you intrinsically.

So, just…read the blog.

Surviving Susac,

Aurora

[earthstellar]

thinkin and drinkin: isotonic engex

me, staring at my isotonic beer, thinking about space robots again: 

I wonder if Ratchet may have ever collaborated with Swerve in the interests of public health on board the Lost Light and created some kind of homebrew vitamin beer equivalent, like a blend of engex that has additives like various base metals, in an effort to make something at least vaguely healthy that Swerve could stock at the bar lmao 

for those of you who aren’t drinkers, isotonic beers are a low alcohol beer which contain more vitamins and minerals (including electrolytes) than average! 

think of isotonic beers as being humanity’s original sports drinks; they can help your body hydrate more quickly, leading to a quicker absorption of the beer and therefore all the good vitamins/minerals as well, which is essentially the idea behind drinks like Gatorade or Lucozade. 

(obvious disclaimer, beers are never the healthiest thing for you LMAO, but isotonic beers are healthier than most beers, owing to their greater vitamin/mineral content, which typically includes greater folic acid and B12 as well.) 

it’s important to note that isotonic beers still have enough alcohol content to qualify as being alcoholic beverages, but the actual alcohol content is still very minimal; 

the one I’m drinking right now is an Erdinger isotonic beer, which has less than 0.5% alcohol by volume, compared to the average for beers (in the UK at least) which is about 4.5% or so by volume. 

given how popular Swerve’s Bar is, I would imagine that Ratchet and likely the rest of the Med Bay team would realise pretty quickly that it might be good to have something like “isotonic engex” on tap, so that Swerve might be able to swap someone over to a healthier, less inebriating drink to help manage rowdy guests etc. if the situation starts escalating, lmao 

plus there are sure to be plenty of bots who would like something light and aren’t necessarily trying to get drunk, and we don’t know if certain Cybertronian religions or cultural practices might prefer minimal consumption (or no consumption) of engex, etc.

bots with prior syk (circuit booster) abuse problems or other substance use concerns might also prefer an engex type with minimal potential for inebriation, and an isotonic engex might also be useful for helping someone slowly decrease the amount they drink on a regular basis, so it could also be a good alternative for those seeking to ease up on the boozing or deal with drinking habits in a slightly healthier way! 

and also, “isotonic engex” sounds fucking awesome, lol

so I’m sure there would be at least some demand for it, which might justify Swerve agreeing to try it out. 

IDK I just feel like the med bay has gotta be packed with people who got fucked up on too much high grade engex and ended up needing some spot welds here and there, and I can imagine Ratchet eventually going “alright fuck this” and trying to do anything possible to minimise the number of people coming in with injuries following “Earth Karaoke Night at Swerve’s” lol 

[freshwey-india]

Superfoods in Indian Diet; right from your kitchen

One of the best things about living in India is its food and the culinary heritage that we experience in every meal that we consume. No wonder; back in medieval times, India was the world’s most sought-after country due to its treasure of spices, hidden from the rest of the world. To the present day, the culinary diversity that we find in India cannot be found anywhere else in the world. However, despite having a plethora of food options that are readily and easily available, we often find ourselves purchasing inexpensive, imported alternatives. 

There is a long list of food items that are so affordable that they can be found in every Indian household, yet they are inexpensive and often a luxury overseas, such as in the US. The list includes spices such as turmeric, cardamom, and ashwagandha (15x more expensive), grains such as millets and black gram (10x more expensive), and fruits and vegetables such as guava and jackfruit (20x more expensive). Without waiting any further, let’s learn about the Desi superfoods that you can add to your diet based on their affordability and availability. 

Everyday Nutritional Powerhouses: Here, we will talk about the superfoods that are not only affordable but also readily available in our households. 

Dal (lentils): Packed with some protein, fiber, and many essential minerals, dal is indeed a staple for a reason. You can explore diverse varieties like moong, masoor, tur, urad, and more for different nutritional benefits. 

Leafy Greens: Do not try to underestimate the power of palak (spinach), methi (fenugreek), and sarson (mustard greens). Not only are these loaded with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, but they also boost your immunity in the chilling winter season. 

Seasonal Fruits: Embrace the abundance of papaya, bananas, guavas, and oranges to fuel your body with vitamins and natural sugars.

Spices: We might know them as spices that add flavor to our meals; spices such as turmeric, ginger, garlic, and chili peppers are more than just flavor enhancers. They are anti-inflammatory powerhouses with many health benefits, such as regulating blood pressure and playing a major role in the prevention and treatment of various cancer types. 

Yogurt: It is a natural source of probiotics for gut health, calcium for strong bones, and protein for muscle development. It can be consumed plain, flavored, or even with fruits. 

Nourishing Yet Special: This category will include superfoods that are not as easily found in households like the ones mentioned above, yet they are hidden gems that carry more nutrients than you can take. 

Millets: Ragi (finger millet), bajra (pearl millet), and jowar (sorghum) are some of the gluten-free grains that are rich in protein, fiber, and certain micronutrients. They’re most commonly used in rotis, dosas, or porridge.

Nuts & Seeds: Chia seeds, flaxseeds, and pumpkin seeds are packed with nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, essential minerals, and protein. You can soak them in water overnight before consuming them or directly sprinkle the seeds on your salads, yogurt, or porridge.

Amla (Indian Gooseberry): One of our top favorite superfoods, amla is a vitamin C powerhouse that boosts immunity, aids in digestion, and comes with anti-inflammatory properties. You can enjoy it raw, pickled, or in the form of juice.

Coconut: Another superfood like the Indian gooseberry, coconut water is the hub of electrolytes, while its flesh has healthy fats and fiber. While it grows in the south, coconut can be found easily in the northern regions of India. Although it is mostly consumed raw, coconut’s nectar and flesh also make it a key ingredient in various South Indian dishes. 

Jackfruit: This versatile vegetable can be enjoyed unripe or ripe. Ripe jackfruit offers antioxidants and vitamins, while unripe jackfruit provides a meaty texture in vegetarian dishes.

Exquisite and Rare Nutritional Delights: Last but not least, this category will take you through some of the rare, expensive superfoods that are worth every penny that you spend on them. 

Saffron: Found in the northernmost region of India, i.e., Kashmir, saffron adds a luxurious touch to many dishes and drinks while boasting anti-inflammatory and mood-boosting properties. Due to its scarcity, saffron is one of the most duplicated superfoods. Purchase saffron only from a reliable dealer. 

Black Rice: A nutty-flavored rice rich in antioxidants and fiber and known for its longevity-promoting properties.

Ashwagandha: This powerful herb is an adaptogen that helps the body manage stress and improve stamina.

In the big picture, embracing India's diverse superfoods offers a treasure trove of health benefits while remaining kind to your wallet. From readily available lentils and greens to hidden gems like millets and amla, these culinary powerhouses pack a punch of nutrients without the hefty price tag of imported trends. So, explore the vibrant flavors of India, nourish your body with local abundance, and discover that superfoods don't have to be exotic or expensive.

To learn more about health and diet, follow us on https://freshwey.in/blogs/news

[macgyvermedical]

Writing/cranky at my DM question: how would you care for a patient presenting with disorientation (confusion about year, where they are, and who you are as the treating professional; though no visible or reported head injuries, may be intoxicated) and a foot long, though no deeper than the subcutaneous tissue, animal slash across the chest? Particularly if patient is protesting removal of clothing and is struggling with you nonviolently (squirming, turning away, pleading with you to stop). No MRI or modern sophisticated testing equipment is available, nor are topical analgesics; sutures, antibiotics, and ingestible painkillers (laudanum, opium-based kinds of things) are accessible. You do have coworkers available to you, and restraints if needed. I'd appreciate if you'd let me know how you'd approach bedside manner here, too! Thank you!

Well, the most concerning thing going on here is the disorientation, so I'd want to figure that out the best I could. I'd also want to do a detailed primary and secondary assessment to determine everything else that was wrong with the patient before determining what order things should be treated in. I have described these assessments in other posts.

As for the wriggling around- mostly you'd just want to remind the person who you are, that you are a friend, that you are trying to help, and given them some time to calm down if nothing looks like it's immediately going to kill them (which from what you describe nothing does).

Then once I'd done my assessments I'd want to figure out that disorientation piece.

The following is a list of common problems that can cause a change in mental status:

Alcohol/Substance Abuse/Overdose

Acidosis (metabolic or respiratory problems causing a buildup of acid in the blood)

Blood Sugar (high or low)

Environmental Injury (hypo or hyperthermia, dehydration)

Epilepsy (or another seizure disorder)

Electrolytes (high or low sodium, calcium, potassium, etc....)

Infection (sepsis, high fever, or a brain infection)

Oxygen (low blood oxygen concentration)

Psychogenic (psychogenic seizures, psychosis)

Poisons

Stroke

Shock

Trauma

Uremia (kidney dysfunction)

Noting that the following is not comprehensive, you can somewhat narrow it down using a few simple tests:

Taking only vital signs that you can do without equipment (pulse, respiration, capillary refill, skin temperature/color/moisture) you can say if it is likely that the person is in shock (high pulse, long cap refill, sweaty pale mottled skin). If the pulse is irregular it may point to an electrolyte cause. If the person has a seizure disorder or known blood sugar problem it is more likely to be that (people with high blood sugar are typically thirsty and hot, low blood sugar cold, irritable, and sweaty). If the person is breathing very deeply it is more likely to be acidosis of some kind.

Where the person was when the mental status changes started may allude to hypothermia or hyperthermia depending on how hot or cold it was. If the symptoms resolve quickly after removal from a particular environment or the person is having trouble breathing (breathing quickly or shallowly, showing retractions (the skin pulls in around the ribs) may point to oxygen deprivation as the cause.

If they have a psych history, I'd also consider psychosis as a possibility. Poisons have a lot of different manifestations, but things like carbon monoxide ("cherry" red appearance to skin), cyanide (bluish skin and *may* smell like fake almond flavor), phosgene (smells like musty hay), opioids (pinpoint pupils), and acetaminophen (acute liver failure and jaundice) have some characteristic symptoms.

For uremia you wouldn't necessarily be able to tell unless you recorded urine output- if not a lot is coming out, there's either a kidney problem (kidney infection, kidney failure- especially if accompanied by electrolyte problems and swelling), or severe dehydration (accompanied by thirst, headache, nausea, malaise).

Treating these things is a whole other matter and beyond the scope of this post.

Then of course you also mentioned your DM, so also possibly magic of some kind?

Basically, don't really try to fight the patient- you can do a lot of this later. The goal is to figure out what the most pressing issues are, treat them if necessary, and then later figure out the chest situation.

As far as the cut on the chest, it would need cleaned very well with clean water. It does not have to be sterile, but definitely something your characters would be comfortable drinking.

If it was gaping less than about a centimeter and less than a centimeter deep, you can close it with a non-occlusive closure. Something like strips of tape laid perpendicular to the cut, butterfly bandages, or other closures that hold the skin together but still let drainage out, then put a soft clean cloth or bandage over the area to prevent re-dirtying it.

If it was larger than this, your characters could take long strips of cloth, wet them with clean water, and pack them into the wounds. Cover these with clean dressings or cloth. They will wick out drainage and remaining debris and help the wound close from the bottom up. Change about once a day, more if drainage is copious.

Here is a post with more on improvised wound dressing. I have absolutely written several posts on packing wounds but none are coming up right now or I'd link them.