#Accounting outsourcing in US

[masllp]

Accounting outsourcing in US

We Provides the best Accounting outsourcing services in US and MAS is the top of outsourcing and Bookkeeping service Companies in India and US

Accounting outsourcing in US | Accounting Services in India | Bookkeeping | Outsourcing Company

[creepyjirachi]

okay hear me out. i know i love science and i’m very good at chemistry and physics. but what if i became a fucking accountant

[unisonglobususa]

10 Proven Ways to Outsource Tax Preparation for U.S. CPA Firms

In the accounting, U.S. CPA firms constantly seek ways to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and provide superior services to their clients. One effective strategy to achieve these goals is outsourcing tax preparation. By leveraging the expertise of specialized firms like Unison Globus, CPA firms can access top-tier tax preparation services that align with their operational needs and compliance requirements.

Unison Globus is a leading provider of outsourced taxation and accounting services, specializing in offering tailored solutions to CPAs, EAs, and accounting firms across the USA. With a strong focus on delivering professional, reliable, and efficient services, Unison Globus helps firms navigate the complexities of tax preparation, ensuring accuracy and compliance. Their U.S.-based tax outsourcing services are designed to integrate seamlessly with your firm's processes, providing a smooth and intuitive experience that enhances your overall productivity and client satisfaction.

Here, we outline ten proven ways to successfully outsource your firm's tax preparation services, ensuring a seamless integration with your existing operations.

1. Partner with Specialized Tax Preparation Firms

Collaborate with firms that specialize in tax preparation outsourcing services. These firms have dedicated teams with expertise in U.S. tax laws and regulations, ensuring accuracy and compliance. Their specialized knowledge can significantly reduce errors and improve the quality of tax returns.

2. Leverage Technology for Secure Data Transfer

Utilize secure data transfer methods to share sensitive information with your outsourcing partner. Encryption tools, secure FTP servers, and cloud-based solutions with robust security measures ensure that your client's data remains confidential and protected throughout the process.

3. Define Clear Scope and Expectations

Clearly outline the scope of work and set expectations from the outset. This includes defining the types of tax returns to be prepared, turnaround times, communication protocols, and quality standards. A well-defined scope helps avoid misunderstandings and ensures smooth collaboration.

4. Choose U.S.-Based Tax Outsourcing Providers

Opt for U.S.-based tax outsourcing providers who are well-versed in local tax regulations and compliance requirements. Their geographical proximity can also facilitate easier communication and quicker resolution of any issues that may arise during the tax preparation process.

5. Integrate Outsourcing into Your Workflow

Seamlessly integrate outsourcing into your firm’s existing workflow. This can be achieved by using compatible software and establishing a clear process for transferring and reviewing completed tax returns. Efficient integration minimizes disruptions and enhances productivity.

6. Focus on High-Value Tasks

Outsource routine and time-consuming tasks such as data entry, calculations, and initial reviews. This allows your in-house team to focus on high-value tasks such as client consultations, tax planning, and strategy development, thereby enhancing your firm's value proposition.

7. Conduct Regular Training and Updates

Ensure that your outsourcing partner stays updated with the latest tax laws and regulations. Regular training sessions and updates can help maintain the quality and accuracy of tax returns. This is particularly important given the frequent changes in tax legislation.

8. Implement Robust Quality Control Measures

Establish robust quality control measures to review the work completed by your outsourcing partner. This includes random audits, double-checking complex tax returns, and using software tools to identify potential errors. Quality control ensures that the final deliverables meet your firm’s standards.

9. Communicate Effectively and Frequently

Stay in constant and open contact with your outsourcing partner. Regular meetings, progress updates, and feedback sessions help address any concerns promptly and ensure that both parties are aligned with the project goals.

10. Evaluate Performance and Provide Feedback

Regularly evaluate the performance of your outsourcing partner based on predefined metrics such as accuracy, turnaround time, and client satisfaction. Providing constructive feedback helps improve their services and fosters a strong, long-term partnership.

Additional Tips for Successful Outsourcing

Get Team Buy-In: Ensure your team understands that outsourcing is to aid them, not replace them. This can ease any concerns about job security and improve collaboration.

Document Processes: Create detailed documentation of your tax preparation processes to guide the outsourcing team. This includes step-by-step instructions and visual aids like screenshots.

Predetermine Clients for Outsourcing: Decide in advance which clients' returns will be outsourced based on factors like entity type and fee structure. This helps in planning and managing workloads effectively.

Assign a Project Manager: Designate a team member to oversee the outsourcing relationship. This person will handle communication, monitor progress, and ensure quality standards are met.

Quality Checks and Feedback: Regularly review the outsourced work and provide feedback to maintain high standards and continuous improvement.

Address Time Zone Differences: Plan for time zone differences if your outsourcing partner is overseas. This can impact meeting schedules and turnaround times.

Secure Everything: Ensure all data exchanges and storage are secure. Use strong passwords, encryption, and secure portals to protect client information.

Understand Roles: Clarify the experience and capabilities of the outsourced team members. What one firm considers a senior role might differ from your expectations.

Conclusion

Outsourcing tax preparation can be a game-changer for U.S. CPA firms, offering numerous benefits such as cost savings, enhanced efficiency, and access to specialized expertise. By implementing these ten proven strategies and additional tips, your firm can effectively outsource tax preparation services, allowing you to focus on delivering exceptional value to your clients and driving your firm's growth.

Embracing outsourcing is not just about reducing workload; it's about strategically leveraging external expertise to elevate your firm's capabilities and services. Start exploring these methods today to transform your tax preparation processes and achieve sustainable success.

Original Source: https://unisonglobus.com/10-proven-ways-to-outsource-tax-preparation-for-us-cpa-firms/

[mostlysignssomeportents]

How I got scammed

If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/02/05/cyber-dunning-kruger/#swiss-cheese-security

I wuz robbed.

More specifically, I was tricked by a phone-phisher pretending to be from my bank, and he convinced me to hand over my credit-card number, then did $8,000+ worth of fraud with it before I figured out what happened. And then he tried to do it again, a week later!

Here's what happened. Over the Christmas holiday, I traveled to New Orleans. The day we landed, I hit a Chase ATM in the French Quarter for some cash, but the machine declined the transaction. Later in the day, we passed a little credit-union's ATM and I used that one instead (I bank with a one-branch credit union and generally there's no fee to use another CU's ATM).

A couple days later, I got a call from my credit union. It was a weekend, during the holiday, and the guy who called was obviously working for my little CU's after-hours fraud contractor. I'd dealt with these folks before – they service a ton of little credit unions, and generally the call quality isn't great and the staff will often make mistakes like mispronouncing my credit union's name.

That's what happened here – the guy was on a terrible VOIP line and I had to ask him to readjust his mic before I could even understand him. He mispronounced my bank's name and then asked if I'd attempted to spend $1,000 at an Apple Store in NYC that day. No, I said, and groaned inwardly. What a pain in the ass. Obviously, I'd had my ATM card skimmed – either at the Chase ATM (maybe that was why the transaction failed), or at the other credit union's ATM (it had been a very cheap looking system).

I told the guy to block my card and we started going through the tedious business of running through recent transactions, verifying my identity, and so on. It dragged on and on. These were my last hours in New Orleans, and I'd left my family at home and gone out to see some of the pre-Mardi Gras krewe celebrations and get a muffalata, and I could tell that I was going to run out of time before I finished talking to this guy.

"Look," I said, "you've got all my details, you've frozen the card. I gotta go home and meet my family and head to the airport. I'll call you back on the after-hours number once I'm through security, all right?"

He was frustrated, but that was his problem. I hung up, got my sandwich, went to the airport, and we checked in. It was total chaos: an Alaska Air 737 Max had just lost its door-plug in mid-air and every Max in every airline's fleet had been grounded, so the check in was crammed with people trying to rebook. We got through to the gate and I sat down to call the CU's after-hours line. The person on the other end told me that she could only handle lost and stolen cards, not fraud, and given that I'd already frozen the card, I should just drop by the branch on Monday to get a new card.

We flew home, and later the next day, I logged into my account and made a list of all the fraudulent transactions and printed them out, and on Monday morning, I drove to the bank to deal with all the paperwork. The folks at the CU were even more pissed than I was. The fraud that run up to more than $8,000, and if Visa refused to take it out of the merchants where the card had been used, my little credit union would have to eat the loss.

I agreed and commiserated. I also pointed out that their outsource, after-hours fraud center bore some blame here: I'd canceled the card on Saturday but most of the fraud had taken place on Sunday. Something had gone wrong.

One cool thing about banking at a tiny credit-union is that you end up talking to people who have actual authority, responsibility and agency. It turned out the the woman who was processing my fraud paperwork was a VP, and she decided to look into it. A few minutes later she came back and told me that the fraud center had no record of having called me on Saturday.

"That was the fraudster," she said.

Oh, shit. I frantically rewound my conversation, trying to figure out if this could possibly be true. I hadn't given him anything apart from some very anodyne info, like what city I live in (which is in my Wikipedia entry), my date of birth (ditto), and the last four digits of my card.

Wait a sec.

He hadn't asked for the last four digits. He'd asked for the last seven digits. At the time, I'd found that very frustrating, but now – "The first nine digits are the same for every card you issue, right?" I asked the VP.

I'd given him my entire card number.

Goddammit.

The thing is, I know a lot about fraud. I'm writing an entire series of novels about this kind of scam:

https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250865878/thebezzle

And most summers, I go to Defcon, and I always go to the "social engineering" competitions where an audience listens as a hacker in a soundproof booth cold-calls merchants (with the owner's permission) and tries to con whoever answers the phone into giving up important information.

But I'd been conned.

Now look, I knew I could be conned. I'd been conned before, 13 years ago, by a Twitter worm that successfully phished out of my password via DM:

https://locusmag.com/2010/05/cory-doctorow-persistence-pays-parasites/

That scam had required a miracle of timing. It started the day before, when I'd reset my phone to factory defaults and reinstalled all my apps. That same day, I'd published two big online features that a lot of people were talking about. The next morning, we were late getting out of the house, so by the time my wife and I dropped the kid at daycare and went to the coffee shop, it had a long line. Rather than wait in line with me, my wife sat down to read a newspaper, and so I pulled out my phone and found a Twitter DM from a friend asking "is this you?" with a URL.

Assuming this was something to do with those articles I'd published the day before, I clicked the link and got prompted for my Twitter login again. This had been happening all day because I'd done that mobile reinstall the day before and all my stored passwords had been wiped. I entered it but the page timed out. By that time, the coffees were ready. We sat and chatted for a bit, then went our own ways.

I was on my way to the office when I checked my phone again. I had a whole string of DMs from other friends. Each one read "is this you?" and had a URL.

Oh, shit, I'd been phished.

If I hadn't reinstalled my mobile OS the day before. If I hadn't published a pair of big articles the day before. If we hadn't been late getting out the door. If we had been a little more late getting out the door (so that I'd have seen the multiple DMs, which would have tipped me off).

There's a name for this in security circles: "Swiss-cheese security." Imagine multiple slices of Swiss cheese all stacked up, the holes in one slice blocked by the slice below it. All the slices move around and every now and again, a hole opens up that goes all the way through the stack. Zap!

The fraudster who tricked me out of my credit card number had Swiss cheese security on his side. Yes, he spoofed my bank's caller ID, but that wouldn't have been enough to fool me if I hadn't been on vacation, having just used a pair of dodgy ATMs, in a hurry and distracted. If the 737 Max disaster hadn't happened that day and I'd had more time at the gate, I'd have called my bank back. If my bank didn't use a slightly crappy outsource/out-of-hours fraud center that I'd already had sub-par experiences with. If, if, if.

The next Friday night, at 5:30PM, the fraudster called me back, pretending to be the bank's after-hours center. He told me my card had been compromised again. But: I hadn't removed my card from my wallet since I'd had it replaced. Also, it was half an hour after the bank closed for the long weekend, a very fraud-friendly time. And when I told him I'd call him back and asked for the after-hours fraud number, he got very threatening and warned me that because I'd now been notified about the fraud that any losses the bank suffered after I hung up the phone without completing the fraud protocol would be billed to me. I hung up on him. He called me back immediately. I hung up on him again and put my phone into do-not-disturb.

The following Tuesday, I called my bank and spoke to their head of risk-management. I went through everything I'd figured out about the fraudsters, and she told me that credit unions across America were being hit by this scam, by fraudsters who somehow knew CU customers' phone numbers and names, and which CU they banked at. This was key: my phone number is a reasonably well-kept secret. You can get it by spending money with Equifax or another nonconsensual doxing giant, but you can't just google it or get it at any of the free services. The fact that the fraudsters knew where I banked, knew my name, and had my phone number had really caused me to let down my guard.

The risk management person and I talked about how the credit union could mitigate this attack: for example, by better-training the after-hours card-loss staff to be on the alert for calls from people who had been contacted about supposed card fraud. We also went through the confusing phone-menu that had funneled me to the wrong department when I called in, and worked through alternate wording for the menu system that would be clearer (this is the best part about banking with a small CU – you can talk directly to the responsible person and have a productive discussion!). I even convinced her to buy a ticket to next summer's Defcon to attend the social engineering competitions.

There's a leak somewhere in the CU systems' supply chain. Maybe it's Zelle, or the small number of corresponding banks that CUs rely on for SWIFT transaction forwarding. Maybe it's even those after-hours fraud/card-loss centers. But all across the USA, CU customers are getting calls with spoofed caller IDs from fraudsters who know their registered phone numbers and where they bank.

I've been mulling this over for most of a month now, and one thing has really been eating at me: the way that AI is going to make this kind of problem much worse.

Not because AI is going to commit fraud, though.

One of the truest things I know about AI is: "we're nowhere near a place where bots can steal your job, we're certainly at the point where your boss can be suckered into firing you and replacing you with a bot that fails at doing your job":

https://pluralistic.net/2024/01/15/passive-income-brainworms/#four-hour-work-week

I trusted this fraudster specifically because I knew that the outsource, out-of-hours contractors my bank uses have crummy headsets, don't know how to pronounce my bank's name, and have long-ass, tedious, and pointless standardized questionnaires they run through when taking fraud reports. All of this created cover for the fraudster, whose plausibility was enhanced by the rough edges in his pitch - they didn't raise red flags.

As this kind of fraud reporting and fraud contacting is increasingly outsourced to AI, bank customers will be conditioned to dealing with semi-automated systems that make stupid mistakes, force you to repeat yourself, ask you questions they should already know the answers to, and so on. In other words, AI will groom bank customers to be phishing victims.

This is a mistake the finance sector keeps making. 15 years ago, Ben Laurie excoriated the UK banks for their "Verified By Visa" system, which validated credit card transactions by taking users to a third party site and requiring them to re-enter parts of their password there:

https://web.archive.org/web/20090331094020/http://www.links.org/?p=591

This is exactly how a phishing attack works. As Laurie pointed out, this was the banks training their customers to be phished.

I came close to getting phished again today, as it happens. I got back from Berlin on Friday and my suitcase was damaged in transit. I've been dealing with the airline, which means I've really been dealing with their third-party, outsource luggage-damage service. They have a terrible website, their emails are incoherent, and they officiously demand the same information over and over again.

This morning, I got a scam email asking me for more information to complete my damaged luggage claim. It was a terrible email, from a noreply@ email address, and it was vague, officious, and dishearteningly bureaucratic. For just a moment, my finger hovered over the phishing link, and then I looked a little closer.

On any other day, it wouldn't have had a chance. Today – right after I had my luggage wrecked, while I'm still jetlagged, and after days of dealing with my airline's terrible outsource partner – it almost worked.

So much fraud is a Swiss-cheese attack, and while companies can't close all the holes, they can stop creating new ones.

Meanwhile, I'll continue to post about it whenever I get scammed. I find the inner workings of scams to be fascinating, and it's also important to remind people that everyone is vulnerable sometimes, and scammers are willing to try endless variations until an attack lands at just the right place, at just the right time, in just the right way. If you think you can't get scammed, that makes you especially vulnerable:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/02/24/passive-income/#swiss-cheese-security

Image: Cryteria (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HAL9000.svg

CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

[a2msolution]

Payment Posting

To provide the #financial picture of medical practice by depicting the #insurancepayments in EOBs, including #patient #payments and #insurance checks from #ERAS.

Denials

To account for the count of #claims denial along with analyzing the causes behind such occurrences to undertake the necessary steps at the earliest.

Accounts Receivable

To follow-up the denied or rejected claims so as to reopen them with full evidence to receive 100% #reimbursements from the insurers.

Charge Posting

To make sure there will be no rejections after sending a claim to insurance to follow every guideline according to the Speciality. Correct use of modifiers updated ICD and billed amount , with accurate CPT.

Rejections

Some times numerous rejected claims get stuck in the clearing house, so we make sure to assign a professional who can fix all of them and send them to insurance.

Patient Collection

To have a dedicated professional who can do daily and regular followups on patient's due balance to collect their balances on your behalf.

Eligibility And Verification

To make time for your patients and the front office, we provide dedicated FTE to who can check eligibility and benefits before patients arrive for their appointment and also get authorization in advance for the procedures that need authorization.

[passengercloud]

can we start using "a ridiculous amount of gold" and "a dragon's horde" as legitimate sums of money everyone just KNOWS the exact number/amount for without specifying in fantasy novels, fanfics (aus), whatever forms of media we can reasonably add it to?

[globalbookkeeping123]

Back Office Accounting Outsourcing Services

Back Office accounting outsourcing services can process payroll, handle daily bookkeeping, and service accounts receivable and accounts payable using outsource workers and dedicated software.

[glocalascom]

Ultimate Guide on Sales Tax Compliance Outsourcing Services

Sales tax compliance is a complex and ever-changing process, and it can be difficult for businesses to keep up with the latest changes. This is where sales tax compliance outsourcing services can be helpful. These services can provide businesses with the peace of mind knowing that their sales tax compliance is in the hands of experts.

What are sales tax compliance outsourcing services?

Sales tax compliance outsourcing services are a type of service that businesses can use to delegate their sales tax compliance responsibilities to a third-party provider. These services can include a wide range of tasks, such as:

Registering for sales tax in different states

Filing sales tax returns

Calculating sales tax

Remitting sales tax payments

Auditing sales tax records

Staying up-to-date on the latest sales tax laws and regulations

Why should businesses consider outsourcing their sales tax compliance?

There are many reasons why businesses should consider outsourcing their sales tax compliance. Some of the key benefits include:

Reduced risk: Sales tax compliance outsourcing services can help businesses to reduce the risk of compliance errors and penalties. This is because the services are provided by experienced professionals who are experts in sales tax compliance.

Saved time and resources: Outsourcing sales tax compliance can save businesses time and resources that would otherwise be spent on managing the process in-house. This can free up businesses to focus on other important tasks, such as growing their business.

Improved accuracy: Sales tax compliance outsourcing services can help businesses to improve the accuracy of their sales tax returns and payments. This is because the services are typically performed using specialized software that is designed to minimize errors.

Peace of mind: Outsourcing sales tax compliance can give businesses peace of mind knowing that their sales tax compliance is in the hands of experts. This can allow businesses to focus on other aspects of their business without having to worry about sales tax compliance.

How to choose a sales tax compliance outsourcing service

When choosing a sales tax compliance outsourcing service, businesses should consider the following factors:

Experience: The service should have experience in providing sales tax compliance services to businesses in the same industry as the business that is considering outsourcing its sales tax compliance.

Reputation: The service should have a good reputation in the industry.

Services offered: The service should offer a wide range of sales tax compliance services, including registration, filing, calculation, remittance, auditing, and staying up-to-date on the latest sales tax laws and regulations.

Fees: The service should charge reasonable fees for its services.

About Glocalas

Glocalas is a leading provider of sales tax compliance outsourcing services. Glocalas has a team of experienced professionals who are experts in sales tax compliance. Glocalas offers a wide range of sales tax compliance services to businesses of all sizes. Glocalas also offers a free consultation to businesses that are considering outsourcing their sales tax compliance.

Conclusion

Sales tax compliance outsourcing services can be a valuable resource for businesses of all sizes. These services can help businesses to reduce the risk of compliance errors and penalties, save time and resources, improve the accuracy of their sales tax returns and payments, and give them peace of mind knowing that their sales tax compliance is in the hands of experts.

If you are considering outsourcing your sales tax compliance, Glocalas is a leading provider of these services. Glocalas has a team of experienced professionals who are experts in sales tax compliance and offers a wide range of services to businesses of all sizes.

[unisonglobususa]

In the accounting, U.S. CPA firms constantly seek ways to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and provide superior services to their clients. One effective strategy to achieve these goals is outsourcing tax preparation. By leveraging the expertise of specialized firms like Unison Globus, CPA firms can access top-tier tax preparation services that align with their operational needs and compliance requirements.

Unison Globus is a leading provider of outsourced taxation and accounting services, specializing in offering tailored solutions to CPAs, EAs, and accounting firms across the USA. With a strong focus on delivering professional, reliable, and efficient services, Unison Globus helps firms navigate the complexities of tax preparation, ensuring accuracy and compliance. Their U.S.-based tax outsourcing services are designed to integrate seamlessly with your firm’s processes, providing a smooth and intuitive experience that enhances your overall productivity and client satisfaction.

Here, we outline ten proven ways to successfully outsource your firm’s tax preparation services, ensuring a seamless integration with your existing operations.

Continue Reading: https://unisonglobus.com/10-proven-ways-to-outsource-tax-preparation-for-us-cpa-firms/  

[jadevine]

Preindustrial travel, and long explanations on why different distances are like that

Update March 1, 2024: Hey there folks, here's yet another update! I reposted Part 2a (the "medieval warhorses" tangent) to my writing blog, and I went down MORE of the horse-knowledge rabbit hole! https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/741423906984951808/my-post-got-cut-off-so-i-added-the-rest-of-it Update Jan 30, 2024: Hey folks, I've posted the updated version of this post on my blog, so I don't have to keep frantically telling everyone "hey, that's the old version of this post!" https://thebalangay.wordpress.com/2024/01/29/preindustrial-travel-times-part-1/

I should get the posts about army travel times and camp followers reformatted and posted to my blog around the end of the week, so I'll filter through my extremely tangled thread for them.

Part 2 - Preindustrial ARMY travel times: https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/739342239113871360/now-for-a-key-aspect-that-many-people-often-ask

Part 2a - How realistic warhorses look and act, because the myth of "all knights were mounted on huge clunky draft horses" just refuses to die: https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/732043691180605440/helpful-things-for-action-writers-to-remember

Part 3 - Additional note about camp followers being regular workers AND sex-workers: https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/740604203134828544/reblogging-the-time-looped-version-of-my

--

I saw a post on my main blog about how hiking groups need to keep pace with their slowest member, but many hikers mistakenly think that the point of hiking is "get from Point A to Point B as fast as possible" instead of "spending time outdoors in nature with friends," and then they complain that a new/less-experienced/sick/disabled hiker is spoiling their time-frame by constantly needing breaks, or huffing and puffing to catch up.

I run into a related question of "how long does it take to travel from Point A to Point B on horseback?" a lot, as a fantasy writer who wants to be SEMI-realistic; in the Western world at least, our post-industrial minds have largely forgotten what it's like to travel, both on our own feet and in groups.

People ask the new writer, "well, who in your cast is traveling? Is getting to Point B an emergency or not? What time of year is it?", and the newbies often get confused as to why they need so much information for "travel times." Maybe new writers see lists of "preindustrial travel times" like a primitive version of Google Maps, where all you need to do is plug in Point A and Point B.

But see, Google Maps DOES account for traveling delays, like different routes, constructions, accidents, and weather; you as the person will also need to figure in whether you're driving a car versus taking a bus/train, and so you'll need to figure out parking time or waiting time for the bus/train to actually GET THERE.

The difference between us and preindustrial travelers is that 1) we can outsource the calculations now, 2) we often travel for FUN instead of necessity.

The general rule of thumb for preindustrial times is that a healthy and prime-aged adult on foot, or a rider/horse pair of fit and prime-aged adults, can usually make 20-30 miles per day, in fair weather and on good terrain.

Why is this so specific? Because not everyone in preindustrial times was fit, not everyone was healthy, not everyone was between the ages of 20-35ish, and not everyone had nice clear skies and good terrain to travel on.

If you are too far below 18 years old or too far past 40, at best you will need either a slower pace or more frequent breaks to cover the same distance, and at worst you'll cut the travel distance in half to 10 or so miles. Too much walking is VERY BAD on too-young/old knees, and teenagers or very short adults may just have short legs even if they're fine with 8-10 hours of actual walking. Young children may get sick of walking and pitch a fit because THEY'RE TIREDDDDDDDDDD, and then you might need to stay put while they cry it out, or an adult may sigh and haul them over their shoulder (and therefore be weighed down by about 50lbs of Angry Child).

Heavy forests, wetlands and rocky hills/mountains are also going to be a much shorter "distance" per day. For forests or wetlands, you have to account for a lot of villagers going "who's gonna cut down acres of trees for one road? NOT ME," or "who's gonna drain acres of swamp for one road? NOT ME." Mountainous regions have their traveling time eaten by going UP, or finding a safer path that goes AROUND, so by the time you're done slogging through drier patches of wetlands or squeezing through trees, a deceptively short 10-15 miles in rough terrain might take you a whole day to walk instead of the usual half-day.

If you are traveling in freezing winters or during a rainstorm (and this inherently means you HAVE NO CHOICE, because nobody in preindustrial times would travel in bad weather if they could help it), you run the high risk of losing your way and then dying of exposure or slipping and breaking your neck, just a few miles out of the town/village.

Traveling in TOO-HOT weather is just as bad, because pushing yourself too hard and getting dehydrated at noon in the tropics will literally kill you. It's called heat-STROKE, not "heat-PARTY."

And now for the upper range of "traveling on horseback!"

Fully mounted groups can usually make 30-40 miles per day between Point A and Point B, but I find there are two unspoken requirements: "Point B must have enough food for all those people and horses," and "the mounted party DOESN'T need to keep pace with foot soldiers, camp followers, or supply wagons."

This means your mounted party would be traveling to 1) a rendezvous point like an ally's camp or a noble's castle, or 2) a town/city with plenty of inns. Maybe they're not literally going 30-40 miles in one trip, but they're scouting the area for 15-20 miles and then returning to their main group. Perhaps they'd be going to an allied village, but even a relatively small group of 10-20 warhorses will need 10-20 pounds of grain EACH and 20-30 pounds of hay EACH. 100-400 pounds of grain and 200-600 pounds of hay for the horses alone means that you need to stash supplies at the village beforehand, or the village needs to be a very large/prosperous one to have a guaranteed large surplus of food.

A dead sprint of 50-60 miles per day is possible for a preindustrial mounted pair, IF YOU REALLY, REALLY HAVE TO. Moreover, that is for ONE day. Many articles agree that 40 miles per day is already a hard ride, so 50-60 miles is REALLY pushing the envelope on horse and rider limits.

NOTE: While modern-day endurance rides routinely go for 50-100 miles in one day, remember that a preindustrial rider will not have the medical/logistical support that a modern endurance rider and their horse does.

If you say "they went fifty miles in a day" in most preindustrial times, the horse and rider's bodies will get wrecked. Either the person, their horse, or both, risk dying of exhaustion or getting disabled from the strain.

Whether you and your horse are fit enough to handle it and "only" have several days of defenselessness from severe pain/fatigue (and thus rely on family/friends to help you out), or you die as a heroic sacrifice, or you aren't QUITE fit enough and become disabled, or you get flat-out saved by magic or another rider who volunteers to go the other half, going past 40 miles in a day is a "Gondor Calls For Aid" level of emergency.

As a writer, I feel this kind of feat should be placed VERY carefully in a story: Either at the beginning to kick the plot off, at the climax to turn the tide, or at the end.

Preindustrial people were people--some treated their horses as tools/vehicles, and didn't care if they were killed or disabled by pushing them to their limits, but others very much cared for their horses. They needed to keep them in working condition for about 15-20 years, and they would not dream of doing this without a VERY good reason.

—

UPDATE January 13: Several people have gotten curious and looked at maps, to find out how a lot of cities are indeed spread out at a nice distance of 20-30 miles apart! I love getting people interested in my hyperfixations, lol.

But remember that this is the space between CITIES AND TOWNS. There should never be a 20-mile stretch of empty wilderness between City A and Town B, unless your world explains why folks are able to build a city in the middle of nowhere, or if something has specifically gone wrong to wipe out its supporting villages!

Period pieces often portray a shining city rising from a sea of picturesque empty land, without a single grain field or cow pasture in sight, but that city would starve to death very quickly in preindustrial times.

Why? Because as Bret Devereaux mentions in his “Lonely Cities” article (https://acoup.blog/2019/07/12/collections-the-lonely-city-part-i-the-ideal-city/), preindustrial cities and towns must have nearby villages (and even smaller towns, if large and prosperous enough!) to grow their food for them.

The settlements around a city will usually be scattered a few miles apart from each other, usually clustered along the roads to the city gates. Those villages and towns at the halfway point between cities (say 10-15 miles) are going to be essential stops for older/sick folks, merchants with cargo, and large groups like noble’s retinues and army forces.

Preindustrial armies and large noble retinues usually can’t make it far past 10-12 miles per day, as denoted in my addition to this post. (https://www.tumblr.com/jadevine/739342239113871360/now-for-a-key-aspect-that-many-people-often-ask )

[oldmannapping]

HC: The Batfam’s secret identities keep nearly being exposed through dumb mistakes, and citizens all over Gotham are constantly signing NDAs printed on ridiculously formal Bat insignia letterhead.

Tim: Used his Coffee Club rewards card for a free espresso as Red Robin, forgetting it was linked to his civilian identity because it was 3am and he was running on 42 hours without sleep.

Steph: Used her personal phone to tap-and-pay at Batburger with Cass. Bruce got pissy but she’s like, “Who accepts cash in a post-pandemic world, Mr Out Of Touch?” Used the experience to bargain a work phone out of Bruce.

Dick: Poses the exact same way in selfies with fans as both Nightwing and Dick Grayson. “What? Is it a crime to know my angles? I’m not apologising for having a good side!”

Damian: Constantly threatening people in League dialect as Robin and at school. It’s like a super niche language. People notice.

Jason: Grabbed one of his Red Hood jackets because it was cold and accidentally pulled out two grenades and a gun when asked for ID at the bar.

Duke: Straight up used his Signal powers to find something at the back of his locker at school. Like just lit up the hallway. “I thought I was alone!”

Cass: Took out cash from the ATM as a civilian for Batburgers with Steph, and paid as Black Bat. Someone at the bank traced the serial number of the bill and ATM surveillance footage. Batman declared that this wasn’t Cass’s fault and gave her another $50.

Alfred: Outsourced some of the superhero suit laundering to a professional company because he’s ONLY ONE MAN for god’s sake, and sometimes he needs an afternoon off.

Bruce: Literally just keeps adopting kids who look exactly like all the new crimefighters who help Batman. Has a massive public profile and just. Keeps syncing up families with Batman? People are like uhhh is he expecting us not to notice, or?

And all of them have accidentally posted to the wrong social media account at some point.

[better-ledger]

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[crspconnect]

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